考虑液滴夹带的气井连续携液预测模型
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摘要
在有水气藏开发过程中,随着气藏压力的降低和含水量的增加,井筒内的气相能量不足以将水携带到地面,导致井底积液,从而影响气井产量,严重时甚至压死气井,造成停产。准确预测气井临界携液流速对判断气井是否积液和优化气井配产具有重要的意义。基于液膜携液假设,通过气液两相流受力平衡分析,建立了考虑液滴夹带影响的气井连续携液预测模型。模型引入了基于临界液膜流量和临界气相流速的液滴夹带判据,并采用了考虑液膜雾化与液滴沉积动态过程影响的液滴夹带率计算公式。结合实际气井生产数据,所建立模型与现有的液膜临界流速模型的对比结果表明,该模型的预测结果与气井实际状况更加吻合,可用于气井积液的判断。
In the development of water-bearing gas reservoir,with the reduction of reservoir pressure and the increase of water content,the natural gas is no longer capable of lifting liquid to surface which triggers gradual accumulation of liquid in the bottom of wellbore.Liquid loading can reduce gas production,even completely kill gas wells and stop production.Accurate prediction of critical liquid-carrying velocity has an important significance for liquid loading judgment and optimization allocation in gas well production.Through analyzing the force balance of gas-liquid two-phase flow,we established a new liquid film model which take into account the impacts of liquid entrainment,to predict the minimum gas velocity for continuous liquid-carrying in gas wells.A droplet entrainment onset criterion based on critical liquid film flow rate and critical gas velocity,and a droplet entrainment rate correlation considering the influences of liquid film atomization and droplet deposition at gas-liquid interface were employed in the model.The present and existing liquid film-based critical gas velocity models are validated and compared with the actual gas wells data.The results show that the present model agrees well with the actual state of gas wells,implying it can be used to judge the liquid loading in gas wells.
In the development of water-bearing gas reservoir,with the reduction of reservoir pressure and the increase of water content,the natural gas is no longer capable of lifting liquid to surface which triggers gradual accumulation of liquid in the bottom of wellbore.Liquid loading can reduce gas production,even completely kill gas wells and stop production.Accurate prediction of critical liquid-carrying velocity has an important significance for liquid loading judgment and optimization allocation in gas well production.Through analyzing the force balance of gas-liquid two-phase flow,we established a new liquid film model which take into account the impacts of liquid entrainment,to predict the minimum gas velocity for continuous liquid-carrying in gas wells.A droplet entrainment onset criterion based on critical liquid film flow rate and critical gas velocity,and a droplet entrainment rate correlation considering the influences of liquid film atomization and droplet deposition at gas-liquid interface were employed in the model.The present and existing liquid film-based critical gas velocity models are validated and compared with the actual gas wells data.The results show that the present model agrees well with the actual state of gas wells,implying it can be used to judge the liquid loading in gas wells.
引文
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[11]HASAN A R,KABIR C S.A simple model for annular twophase flow in wellbores[J].SPE Production&Operations,2007,22(2):168-175.
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[15]雷雨.湿天然气管道低含液率气液两相流液滴夹带机理研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015.LEI Yu.Investigation on droplet entrainment mechanism of low liquid loading gasliquid two-phase flow in wet gas pipelines[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2015.
[16]刘通,王世泽,郭新江,等.气井井筒气液两相环雾流压降计算新方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(3):328-333.LIU Tong,WANG Shize,GUO Xinjiang,et al.New calculation method of gas-liquid two phase annular-mist flow pressure drop of wellbores in gas wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(3):328-333.
[17]PAN Lei,HANRATTY T J.Correlation of entrainment for annular flow in vertical pipes[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2002,28(3):363-384.
[18]HENSTOCK W H,HANRATTY T J.The interfacial drag and the height of the wall layer in annular flows[J].AIChE Journal,1976,22(6):990-1000.
[19]杨继盛,刘建仪.采气实用计算[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.YANG Jisheng,LIU Jianyi.Practical calculation of gas production[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994.
[20]LEE A L,GONZALEZ M H,EAKIN B E.The viscosity of natural gases[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1966,18(8):997-1000.
[21]李闽,孙雷,李士伦.一个新的气井连续排液模型[J].天然气工业,2001,21(5):61-63.LI Min,SUN Lei,LI Shilun.A new gas well liquid continuous withdrawal model[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(5):61-63.
[22]TURNER R G,HUBBARD M G,DUKLER A E.Analysis and prediction of minimum flow rate for the continuous removal of liquids from gas wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1969,21(11):1475-1482.
[23]PUSHKINA O L,YUL S.Breakdown of liquid film motion in vertical tubes[J].Heat Transfer-Soviet Research,1969,1(5):56-64.
[24]WALLIS G B,MAKKENCHERY S.The hanging film phenomenon in vertical annular two-phase flow[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,1974,96(3):297-298.
[25]吴丹.涡流排水采气机理及应用研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2015.WU Dan.Research on theory and application of downhole vortex deliquification process[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2015.
[26]陈德春,姚亚,韩昊,等.定向气井临界携液流量预测新模型[J].天然气工业,2016,36(6):40-44.CHEN Dechun,YAO Ya,HAN Hao,et al.A new prediction model for critical liquid-carrying flow rate of directional gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(6):40-44.
[27]杜敬国,蒋建勋,王臣君.气井连续携液模型对比研究及新模型的现场验证[J].兰州石化职业技术学院学报,2009,9(2):9-12.DU Jingguo,JIANG Jianxun,WANG Chenjun.Comparative study of carrying liquid gas model and field experimental verification[J].Journal of Lanzhou Petrochemical College of Technology,2009,9(2):9-12.
[2]朱华银,徐轩,安来志,等.致密气藏孔隙水赋存状态与流动性实验[J].石油学报,2016,37(2):230-236.ZHU Huayin,XU Xuan,AN Laizhi,et al.An experimental on occurrence and mobility of pore water in tight gas reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(2):230-236.
[3]郭智,贾爱林,冀光,等.致密砂岩气田储量分类及井网加密调整方法---以苏里格气田为例[J].石油学报,2017,38(11):1299-1309.GUO Zhi,JIA Ailin,JI Guang,et al.Reserve classification and well pattern infilling method of tight sandstone gasfield:a case study of sulige gasfield[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2017,38(11):1299-1309.
[4]马天寿,陈平,王旭东,等.页岩气储层井周孔隙压力传递数值分析方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(5):660-671.MA Tianshou,CHEN Ping,WANG Xudong,et al.Numerical analysis method of pore pressure propagation around the borehole for shale gas reservoirs[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(5):660-671.
[5]王香增.延长石油集团非常规天然气勘探开发进展[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):137-144.WANG Xiangzeng.Advances in unconventional gas exploration and development of Yanchang petroleum group[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):137-144.
[6]王志彬,李颖川.气井连续携液机理[J].石油学报,2012,33(4):681-686.WANG Zhibin,LI Yingchuan.The mechanism of continuously removing liquids from gas wells[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(4):681-686.
[7]周瑞立,周舰,罗懿,等.低渗产水气藏携液模型研究与应用[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(4):123-128.ZHOU Ruili,ZHOU Jian,LUO Yi,et al.Research and application of liquid-carrying model for low permeability and water production gas reservoir[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2013,25(4):123-128.
[8]熊钰,张淼淼,曹毅,等.一种预测气井连续携液临界条件的通用模型[J].水动力学研究与进展,2015,30(2):215-222.XIONG Yu,ZHANG Miaomiao,CAO Yi,et al.A universal model of prediction for critical continuous removal of liquids from gas wells[J].Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics,2015,30(2):215-222.
[9]赵哲军,刘通,许剑,等.气井稳定携液之我见[J].天然气工业,2015,35(6):59-63.ZHAO Zhejun,LIU Tong,XU Jian,et al.Stable fluid-carrying capacity of gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2015,35(6):59-63.
[10]李士伦.天然气工程[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2000.LI Shilun.Natural gas engineering[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2000.
[11]HASAN A R,KABIR C S.A simple model for annular twophase flow in wellbores[J].SPE Production&Operations,2007,22(2):168-175.
[12]ANDREUSSI P,ASALI J C,HANRATTY T J.Initiation of roll waves in gas-liquid flows[J].AIChE Journal,1985,31(1):119-126.
[13]RICHTER H J.Flooding in tubes and annuli[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,1981,17(6):647-658.
[14]陈家琅.石油气液两相管流[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1989.CHEN Jialang.Gas-liquid two-phase flow[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1989.
[15]雷雨.湿天然气管道低含液率气液两相流液滴夹带机理研究[D].西安:西安石油大学,2015.LEI Yu.Investigation on droplet entrainment mechanism of low liquid loading gasliquid two-phase flow in wet gas pipelines[D].Xi’an:Xi’an Shiyou University,2015.
[16]刘通,王世泽,郭新江,等.气井井筒气液两相环雾流压降计算新方法[J].石油钻采工艺,2017,39(3):328-333.LIU Tong,WANG Shize,GUO Xinjiang,et al.New calculation method of gas-liquid two phase annular-mist flow pressure drop of wellbores in gas wells[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2017,39(3):328-333.
[17]PAN Lei,HANRATTY T J.Correlation of entrainment for annular flow in vertical pipes[J].International Journal of Multiphase Flow,2002,28(3):363-384.
[18]HENSTOCK W H,HANRATTY T J.The interfacial drag and the height of the wall layer in annular flows[J].AIChE Journal,1976,22(6):990-1000.
[19]杨继盛,刘建仪.采气实用计算[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1994.YANG Jisheng,LIU Jianyi.Practical calculation of gas production[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994.
[20]LEE A L,GONZALEZ M H,EAKIN B E.The viscosity of natural gases[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1966,18(8):997-1000.
[21]李闽,孙雷,李士伦.一个新的气井连续排液模型[J].天然气工业,2001,21(5):61-63.LI Min,SUN Lei,LI Shilun.A new gas well liquid continuous withdrawal model[J].Natural Gas Industry,2001,21(5):61-63.
[22]TURNER R G,HUBBARD M G,DUKLER A E.Analysis and prediction of minimum flow rate for the continuous removal of liquids from gas wells[J].Journal of Petroleum Technology,1969,21(11):1475-1482.
[23]PUSHKINA O L,YUL S.Breakdown of liquid film motion in vertical tubes[J].Heat Transfer-Soviet Research,1969,1(5):56-64.
[24]WALLIS G B,MAKKENCHERY S.The hanging film phenomenon in vertical annular two-phase flow[J].Journal of Fluids Engineering,1974,96(3):297-298.
[25]吴丹.涡流排水采气机理及应用研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2015.WU Dan.Research on theory and application of downhole vortex deliquification process[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2015.
[26]陈德春,姚亚,韩昊,等.定向气井临界携液流量预测新模型[J].天然气工业,2016,36(6):40-44.CHEN Dechun,YAO Ya,HAN Hao,et al.A new prediction model for critical liquid-carrying flow rate of directional gas wells[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(6):40-44.
[27]杜敬国,蒋建勋,王臣君.气井连续携液模型对比研究及新模型的现场验证[J].兰州石化职业技术学院学报,2009,9(2):9-12.DU Jingguo,JIANG Jianxun,WANG Chenjun.Comparative study of carrying liquid gas model and field experimental verification[J].Journal of Lanzhou Petrochemical College of Technology,2009,9(2):9-12.