传统的嵌入与升华:马来西亚动画片《很久以前》的文学重构
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摘要
1978年,马来西亚国家电影局出品的第一部本土动画片是以动物故事为主题的《鼠鹿的故事》。30多年后,通过改编和创作,马来西亚又推出一部以《鼠鹿的故事》为蓝本的系列动画片《很久以前》。这一系列的动物故事和动画片重新构建了属于几代人的集体记忆。文章以动画片《很久以前》为例,分析民间文学与动画片结合过程中,如何通过对角色、故事情节和结构、文化符号及传达的价值观这四方面进行改编和重构,以现代化的本土化为根基,以民族特色与国际视野并重,推动民间文学更好地传承与创新。
In 1978, an animal story cartoon The Mouse Deer was issued by Malaysia's film authority. It was the first animated film produced by this Southeast Asian county which, after 30 years, also presented another animal-related work A Long Time Ago. Based on The Mouse Deer, the new cartoon has adapted and reconstructed the content of the original folklore and become a common memory shared by Malaysians for generations via a multimedia form comprised of video, audio and animation effects. By taking A Long Time Ago as an example, this article attempts to analyze the adaption and reconstruction of folk literature in terms of figures, story structure and plot, cultural icon as well as the values it expressed so as to find a way on how to balance national characteristics with foreign preference and highlight cultural heritage by modern means when promoting folk literature.
In 1978, an animal story cartoon The Mouse Deer was issued by Malaysia's film authority. It was the first animated film produced by this Southeast Asian county which, after 30 years, also presented another animal-related work A Long Time Ago. Based on The Mouse Deer, the new cartoon has adapted and reconstructed the content of the original folklore and become a common memory shared by Malaysians for generations via a multimedia form comprised of video, audio and animation effects. By taking A Long Time Ago as an example, this article attempts to analyze the adaption and reconstruction of folk literature in terms of figures, story structure and plot, cultural icon as well as the values it expressed so as to find a way on how to balance national characteristics with foreign preference and highlight cultural heritage by modern means when promoting folk literature.
引文
(1)Harun Mat Piah,Sastera Rakyat Malaysia,Indonesia,Negara Brunei Darussalam:Suatu Perbandingan,Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka,2003,p3.
(2)JSBRAS是英国皇家亚洲学会海峡分刊(Journal of the(Malayan)Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society)的简称,这份杂志于1878年由英国殖民者创刊,于1923年改名为英国皇家亚洲学会马来亚分刊(JMBRAS,Journal of Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society)。
(3)Dussek,O.T.(Ed.),Hikayat pelandok:ia-itu hikayat Sang Kanchil,cherita pelandok dengan anak memerang,hikayat pelandok jenaka,Singapore:Methodist Publishing House,1915.
(4)Daeng Abdul Hamid,Ahmad Murad(edited),Hikayat Sang Kanchil(Hikayat Pelandok Jenaka),Singapore:Malaya Publishing House,1953.
(5)Richard Winstedt,A History of Classical Malay Literature,Oxford University Press,1969,p9-10.
(1)张玉安:《印度尼西亚和马来西亚的民间故事》,《东南亚研究》2010年第5期,第85页。
(2)弗洛伊德:《弗洛伊德的智慧》,刘烨编译,北京:中国电影出版社2005年,第16页。
(2)JSBRAS是英国皇家亚洲学会海峡分刊(Journal of the(Malayan)Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society)的简称,这份杂志于1878年由英国殖民者创刊,于1923年改名为英国皇家亚洲学会马来亚分刊(JMBRAS,Journal of Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society)。
(3)Dussek,O.T.(Ed.),Hikayat pelandok:ia-itu hikayat Sang Kanchil,cherita pelandok dengan anak memerang,hikayat pelandok jenaka,Singapore:Methodist Publishing House,1915.
(4)Daeng Abdul Hamid,Ahmad Murad(edited),Hikayat Sang Kanchil(Hikayat Pelandok Jenaka),Singapore:Malaya Publishing House,1953.
(5)Richard Winstedt,A History of Classical Malay Literature,Oxford University Press,1969,p9-10.
(1)张玉安:《印度尼西亚和马来西亚的民间故事》,《东南亚研究》2010年第5期,第85页。
(2)弗洛伊德:《弗洛伊德的智慧》,刘烨编译,北京:中国电影出版社2005年,第16页。