新疆塔里木西北地区寒武纪初的碳酸盐岩微相和环境指标
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摘要
新疆塔里木板块西北缘阿克苏—乌什地区寒武纪最早期玉尔吐斯组海相地层不整合超覆于埃迪卡拉纪奇格布拉克组之上,是区域海进的标志。蓬莱坝和肖尔布拉克剖面的玉尔吐斯组下部为暗色含磷硅质岩夹薄层白云质灰岩,中部为黑色碳质泥岩、页岩、粉砂岩夹白云岩,上部为瘤状白云岩夹泥岩,这一序列显示玉尔吐斯组海进沉积的早期就迅速出现了还原环境下沉积的黑色岩系,而玉尔吐斯组上部的碳酸盐岩与之上肖尔布拉克组含三叶虫碳酸盐岩具有很高的相似度,属极浅海带频繁出现的蒸发云坪环境。这个相变序列显示玉尔吐斯组早期还原条件下的黑色岩系以及之后蒸发条件下的碳酸盐岩沉积均发生在浅海区乃至极浅水区,玉尔吐斯组—肖尔布拉克组序列中的水深变化幅度有限。
The unconformity between the Ediacaran Qigebulake Formation and overlying Early Cambrian Yurtusi Formation in the Aksu—Kalping region,Tarim Block,northwestern China represents a regional transgressional event.Two sections respectively of the Penglaiba and Xiaoerbulake are employed for litho-and bio-facies descriptions with special references on their palaeoenvironmental parameter comparison.The Yurtusi Formation comprises phosphoric cherty,phosphorite with thin dolomitic limestone intercalation in the lower part,black carbonaceous shale with intercalation of dolomite in the middle part and crystalline dolomite,nodular dolomite with shale intercalation in the upper part.Therefore,sedimentary sequences of the units are indicative as calm water condition with frequent appearance of fine argillaceous input in some depressions of the marine floor.Upwelling invading into the limited anoxic depressions essentially promoted the formation of phosphate on the epicontinental sea.Nevertheless,the carbonates throughout the upper part of the Yurtusi and ascending Xiaoerbulak formations are more likely of a uniform in aspects of lithofacies as well as biotic structures.They are both indicators of extremely shallow marine settings with occasional occurrences of dolomite flats implying evaporative and anomalous of salinities of marine water.These proxies suggest weak magnitude of the sea-level changes during the earliest Cambrian.Onward secular lithological sequences are of the analogues of the shallow or even very shallow marine facies pattern of the Early Cambrian.
The unconformity between the Ediacaran Qigebulake Formation and overlying Early Cambrian Yurtusi Formation in the Aksu—Kalping region,Tarim Block,northwestern China represents a regional transgressional event.Two sections respectively of the Penglaiba and Xiaoerbulake are employed for litho-and bio-facies descriptions with special references on their palaeoenvironmental parameter comparison.The Yurtusi Formation comprises phosphoric cherty,phosphorite with thin dolomitic limestone intercalation in the lower part,black carbonaceous shale with intercalation of dolomite in the middle part and crystalline dolomite,nodular dolomite with shale intercalation in the upper part.Therefore,sedimentary sequences of the units are indicative as calm water condition with frequent appearance of fine argillaceous input in some depressions of the marine floor.Upwelling invading into the limited anoxic depressions essentially promoted the formation of phosphate on the epicontinental sea.Nevertheless,the carbonates throughout the upper part of the Yurtusi and ascending Xiaoerbulak formations are more likely of a uniform in aspects of lithofacies as well as biotic structures.They are both indicators of extremely shallow marine settings with occasional occurrences of dolomite flats implying evaporative and anomalous of salinities of marine water.These proxies suggest weak magnitude of the sea-level changes during the earliest Cambrian.Onward secular lithological sequences are of the analogues of the shallow or even very shallow marine facies pattern of the Early Cambrian.
引文
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