基于序阻抗的直驱风电场次同步振荡分析与锁相环参数优化设计
|
摘要
近年来,我国西北地区发生了直驱风电场并入交流电网的次同步振荡现象。为深入研究该问题,文中采用谐波线性化方法建立典型直驱风电机组网侧变流器的正、负序阻抗模型。其次,通过硬件控制在环方法测量直驱风电机组阻抗,利用奈奎斯特判据分析直驱风电机组并入交流电网次同步振荡的产生机理,并且提出一种锁相环控制参数优化设计方法,降低了系统次同步振荡发生的风险。最后,基于RT-lab实时仿真平台建立110台1.5MW直驱风电机组组成的风电场电磁暂态实时仿真模型,仿真结果验证理论分析的正确性。
Recently, sub-synchronous oscillation(SSO) is observed in many direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator(D-PMSG) based wind farms integrated in a weak AC grid in the northwest of China. To investigate the mechanism and characteristics of this emerging issue, firstly, the positive and negative sequence impedance model of a typical D-PMSG based on the harmonic linearization theory was established in this paper. After that, the impedance of the D-PMSG was measured by the method of hardware control in the loop, and the Nyquist stability criterion was used to analyze the stability of the D-PMSG connected to a weak AC grid. In addition, a kind of optimized design method for phase-locked loop control parameters was provided to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation. Finally, a detailed electromagnetic transient model of a wind farm with 110 units of 1.5 MW D-PMSGs was built on the RT-lab real-time simulation platform. The results of simulation verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
Recently, sub-synchronous oscillation(SSO) is observed in many direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator(D-PMSG) based wind farms integrated in a weak AC grid in the northwest of China. To investigate the mechanism and characteristics of this emerging issue, firstly, the positive and negative sequence impedance model of a typical D-PMSG based on the harmonic linearization theory was established in this paper. After that, the impedance of the D-PMSG was measured by the method of hardware control in the loop, and the Nyquist stability criterion was used to analyze the stability of the D-PMSG connected to a weak AC grid. In addition, a kind of optimized design method for phase-locked loop control parameters was provided to suppress the sub-synchronous oscillation. Finally, a detailed electromagnetic transient model of a wind farm with 110 units of 1.5 MW D-PMSGs was built on the RT-lab real-time simulation platform. The results of simulation verified the correctness of the theoretical analysis.
引文
[1]袁小明,程时杰,胡家兵.电力电子化电力系统多尺度电压功角动态稳定问题[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(19):5145-5154.Yuan Xiaoming,Cheng Shijie,Hu Jiabing.Multi-time scale voltage and power angle dynamics in power electronics dominated large power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(19):5145-5154(in Chinese).
[2]Hu Jiabing,Huang Yunhui,Wang Dong,et al.Modeling of grid-connected DFIG-based wind turbines for DC-link voltage stability analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(4):1325-1336.
[3]Mei F,Pal B.Modal analysis of grid-connected doubly fed induction generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(3):728-736.
[4]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.Ni Yixin,Chen Shousun,Zhang Baolin.Theory and analysis of dynamic power system[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002(in Chinese).
[5]Wang Liang,Xie Xiaorong,Jiang Qirong,et al.Investigation of SSR in practical DFIG-based wind farms connected to a series-compensated power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(5):2772-2779.
[6]Leon A E,Solsona J A.Sub-Synchronous interaction damping control for DFIG wind turbines[J].IEEE transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(1):419-428.
[7]Adams J,Carter C,Huang S H.ERCOT experience with sub-synchronous control interaction and proposed remediation[C]//Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition(T&D).Orlando,FL:IEEE,2012:1-5.
[8]王亮,谢小荣,姜齐荣,等.大规模双馈风电场次同步谐振的分析与抑制[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(22):26-31.Wang Liang,Xie Xiaorong,Jiang Qirong,et al.Analysis and mitigation of SSR problems in large-scale wind farms with doubly-fed wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(22):26-31(in Chinese).
[9]Buchhagen C,Rauscher C,Menze A,et al.Bor Win1-First experiences with harmonic interactions in converter dominated grids[C]//Proceedings of International ETG Congress 2015,Die Energiewende-Blueprints for the New Energy Age.Bonn,Germany:IEEE,2015:1-7.
[10]谢小荣,刘华坤,贺静波,等.直驱风机风电场与交流电网相互作用引发次同步振荡的机理与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2366-2372.Xie Xiaorong,Liu Huakun,He Jingbo,et al.Mechanism and characteristics of subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction between full-converter wind turbines and AC systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2366-2372(in Chinese).
[11]辛焕海,李子恒,董炜,等.三相变流器并网系统的广义阻抗及稳定判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):1277-1292.Xin Huanhai,Li Ziheng,Dong Wei,et al.Generalized-impedance and stability criterion for grid-connected converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):1277-1292(in Chinese).
[12]Sun Jian.Impedance-based stability criterion for grid-connected inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(11):3075-3078.
[13]Wang Xiongfei,Blaabjerg F,Wu Weimin.Modeling and analysis of harmonic stability in an AC power-electronics-based power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(12):6421-6432.
[14]Xu Ling,Fan Lingling,Miao Zhixin.DC impedancemodel-based resonance analysis of a VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(3):1221-1230.
[15]吕敬,蔡旭,张占奎,等.海上风电场经MMC-HVDC并网的阻抗建模及稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3771-3780.LüJing,Cai Xu,Zhang Zhankui,et al.Impedance modeling and stability analysis of MMC-based HVDC for offshore wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3771-3780(in Chinese).
[16]王赟程,陈新,陈杰,等.基于谐波线性化的三相LCL型并网逆变器正负序阻抗建模分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5890-5898.Wang Yuncheng,Chen Xin,Chen Jie,et al.Analysis of positive-sequence and negative-sequence impedance modeling of three-phase LCL-type grid-connected Inverters based on harmonic linearization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5890-5898(in Chinese).
[17]Kundur P.Power system stability and control[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1994.
[18]IEEE 1204-1997 Guide for Planning DC Links Terminating at AC Locations Having Low Short-Circuit Capacities,IDT[S].American Nuclear Society Specificatioin,1997.
[19]辛焕海,董炜,袁小明,等.电力电子多馈入电力系统的广义短路比[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(22):6013-6027.Xin Huanhai,Dong Wei,Yuan Xiaoming,et al.Generalized short circuit ratio for multi power electronic based devices infeed to power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(22):6013-6027(in Chinese).
[20]Harnefors L,Wang Xiongfei,Yepes A G,et al.Passivity-based stability assessment of grid-connected VSCs-an overview[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2016,4(1):116-125.
[21]吴恒,阮新波,杨东升.弱电网条件下锁相环对LCL型并网逆变器稳定性的影响研究及锁相环参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(30):5259-5268.Wu Heng,Ruan Xinbo,Yang Dongsheng.Research on the stability caused by phase-locked loop for LCL-type grid-connected inverter in weak grid condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(30):5259-5268(in Chinese).
[22]Cespedes M,Sun Jian.Adaptive control of grid-connected inverters based on online grid impedance measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2014,5(2):516-523.
[2]Hu Jiabing,Huang Yunhui,Wang Dong,et al.Modeling of grid-connected DFIG-based wind turbines for DC-link voltage stability analysis[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2015,6(4):1325-1336.
[3]Mei F,Pal B.Modal analysis of grid-connected doubly fed induction generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2007,22(3):728-736.
[4]倪以信,陈寿孙,张宝霖.动态电力系统的理论和分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.Ni Yixin,Chen Shousun,Zhang Baolin.Theory and analysis of dynamic power system[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2002(in Chinese).
[5]Wang Liang,Xie Xiaorong,Jiang Qirong,et al.Investigation of SSR in practical DFIG-based wind farms connected to a series-compensated power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(5):2772-2779.
[6]Leon A E,Solsona J A.Sub-Synchronous interaction damping control for DFIG wind turbines[J].IEEE transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(1):419-428.
[7]Adams J,Carter C,Huang S H.ERCOT experience with sub-synchronous control interaction and proposed remediation[C]//Proceedings of the 2012 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition(T&D).Orlando,FL:IEEE,2012:1-5.
[8]王亮,谢小荣,姜齐荣,等.大规模双馈风电场次同步谐振的分析与抑制[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(22):26-31.Wang Liang,Xie Xiaorong,Jiang Qirong,et al.Analysis and mitigation of SSR problems in large-scale wind farms with doubly-fed wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(22):26-31(in Chinese).
[9]Buchhagen C,Rauscher C,Menze A,et al.Bor Win1-First experiences with harmonic interactions in converter dominated grids[C]//Proceedings of International ETG Congress 2015,Die Energiewende-Blueprints for the New Energy Age.Bonn,Germany:IEEE,2015:1-7.
[10]谢小荣,刘华坤,贺静波,等.直驱风机风电场与交流电网相互作用引发次同步振荡的机理与特性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(9):2366-2372.Xie Xiaorong,Liu Huakun,He Jingbo,et al.Mechanism and characteristics of subsynchronous oscillation caused by the interaction between full-converter wind turbines and AC systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(9):2366-2372(in Chinese).
[11]辛焕海,李子恒,董炜,等.三相变流器并网系统的广义阻抗及稳定判据[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(5):1277-1292.Xin Huanhai,Li Ziheng,Dong Wei,et al.Generalized-impedance and stability criterion for grid-connected converters[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(5):1277-1292(in Chinese).
[12]Sun Jian.Impedance-based stability criterion for grid-connected inverters[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2011,26(11):3075-3078.
[13]Wang Xiongfei,Blaabjerg F,Wu Weimin.Modeling and analysis of harmonic stability in an AC power-electronics-based power system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2014,29(12):6421-6432.
[14]Xu Ling,Fan Lingling,Miao Zhixin.DC impedancemodel-based resonance analysis of a VSC-HVDC system[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2015,30(3):1221-1230.
[15]吕敬,蔡旭,张占奎,等.海上风电场经MMC-HVDC并网的阻抗建模及稳定性分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3771-3780.LüJing,Cai Xu,Zhang Zhankui,et al.Impedance modeling and stability analysis of MMC-based HVDC for offshore wind farms[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3771-3780(in Chinese).
[16]王赟程,陈新,陈杰,等.基于谐波线性化的三相LCL型并网逆变器正负序阻抗建模分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(21):5890-5898.Wang Yuncheng,Chen Xin,Chen Jie,et al.Analysis of positive-sequence and negative-sequence impedance modeling of three-phase LCL-type grid-connected Inverters based on harmonic linearization[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(21):5890-5898(in Chinese).
[17]Kundur P.Power system stability and control[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1994.
[18]IEEE 1204-1997 Guide for Planning DC Links Terminating at AC Locations Having Low Short-Circuit Capacities,IDT[S].American Nuclear Society Specificatioin,1997.
[19]辛焕海,董炜,袁小明,等.电力电子多馈入电力系统的广义短路比[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(22):6013-6027.Xin Huanhai,Dong Wei,Yuan Xiaoming,et al.Generalized short circuit ratio for multi power electronic based devices infeed to power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(22):6013-6027(in Chinese).
[20]Harnefors L,Wang Xiongfei,Yepes A G,et al.Passivity-based stability assessment of grid-connected VSCs-an overview[J].IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics,2016,4(1):116-125.
[21]吴恒,阮新波,杨东升.弱电网条件下锁相环对LCL型并网逆变器稳定性的影响研究及锁相环参数设计[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(30):5259-5268.Wu Heng,Ruan Xinbo,Yang Dongsheng.Research on the stability caused by phase-locked loop for LCL-type grid-connected inverter in weak grid condition[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(30):5259-5268(in Chinese).
[22]Cespedes M,Sun Jian.Adaptive control of grid-connected inverters based on online grid impedance measurements[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2014,5(2):516-523.