施氮对套作玉米氮素吸收利用的影响
|
摘要
研究不同施氮水平下冬小麦/春玉米体系套作玉米的氮素吸收利用特征,并且探索套作玉米氮素高效吸收利用的最适施氮量。试验采用田间裂区设计,设置4个施氮水平(0,150,300,450 kg/hm2),2个种植模式(春玉米单作和冬小麦/春玉米)。结果表明,整个生育过程,套作玉米相较于单作玉米表现出氮素积累优势,在施氮量为300 kg/hm2时,套作玉米氮素积累量达到最大;随施氮量增加,玉米的氮素利用率逐渐降低,但套作玉米仍较单作玉米表现优势;成熟期套作玉米籽粒的氮素积累量较单作玉米显著增加;在施氮量为300 kg/hm2时,套作玉米的叶片贡献率显著高于单作玉米和其他套作玉米施氮处理。套作玉米具有氮素吸收利用及转运优势,合理施氮可促进套作玉米叶片氮素向籽粒转运。
The aim of the experiment was to study the nitrogen uptake and utilization characteristics of intercropped maize under different nitrogen application, and explore the optimum nitrogen application levels, which helped intercropping maize to uptake and utilize efficiently nitrogen in winter wheat/spring maize system. A split block field experiment was designed with four nitrogen application levels(0, 150, 300, 450 kg/hm2), and two planting patterns(spring maize monoculture and winter wheat/spring maize). The results showed that during the whole growing period, intercropping maize showed the advantage of nitrogen accumulation compared with monoculture maize, and the value of its nitrogen accumulation reached maximum at the nitrogen application of 300 kg/hm2. With the increasing of nitrogen application, the utilization efficiency of maize to nitrogen gradually decreased, however, the intercropping maize still showed great advantages than maize monoculture. At mature stage, the amount of nitrogen accumulation in grain of intercropping maize significantly increased compared with that of monoculture maize. When the nitrogen application was 300 kg/hm2, the NCP in leave of intercropping maize was significantly higher than that of monoculture maize and other nitrogen application levels in intercropping maize field. It concluded that intercropped maize had advantages in nitrogen uptake, utilization and transfer, furthermore, reasonable nitrogen application could promote the nitrogen transfer of intercropped maize from leave to grain.
The aim of the experiment was to study the nitrogen uptake and utilization characteristics of intercropped maize under different nitrogen application, and explore the optimum nitrogen application levels, which helped intercropping maize to uptake and utilize efficiently nitrogen in winter wheat/spring maize system. A split block field experiment was designed with four nitrogen application levels(0, 150, 300, 450 kg/hm2), and two planting patterns(spring maize monoculture and winter wheat/spring maize). The results showed that during the whole growing period, intercropping maize showed the advantage of nitrogen accumulation compared with monoculture maize, and the value of its nitrogen accumulation reached maximum at the nitrogen application of 300 kg/hm2. With the increasing of nitrogen application, the utilization efficiency of maize to nitrogen gradually decreased, however, the intercropping maize still showed great advantages than maize monoculture. At mature stage, the amount of nitrogen accumulation in grain of intercropping maize significantly increased compared with that of monoculture maize. When the nitrogen application was 300 kg/hm2, the NCP in leave of intercropping maize was significantly higher than that of monoculture maize and other nitrogen application levels in intercropping maize field. It concluded that intercropped maize had advantages in nitrogen uptake, utilization and transfer, furthermore, reasonable nitrogen application could promote the nitrogen transfer of intercropped maize from leave to grain.
引文
[1]张美俊,乔治军,杨武德,等.糜子氮、磷、钾肥的效应及优化研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):347-353.
[2]RECKLING M,HECKER J M,BERGKVIST G,et al.A cropping system assessment framework-evaluating effects of introducing legumes into crop rotations[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016,76:186-197.
[3]何承刚,黄高宝,姜华.氮素水平对单作和间套作小麦玉米品质影响的比较研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(3):280-283.
[4]刘德平,杨树青,史海滨,等.小麦/玉米套作条件下氮、磷配施的肥料效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(3):262-269.
[5]孙占祥,邹晓锦,张鑫,等.施氮量对玉米产量和氮素利用效率及土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(5):119-123.
[6]姜琳琳,韩立思,韩晓日,等.氮素对玉米幼苗生长、根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):247-253.
[7]胡丹,范茂攀,汤利,等.玉米马铃薯间作施肥的偏生产力分析[J].湖北农业科学,2013(4):776-780.
[8]付学鹏,吴凤芝,吴瑕,等.间套作改善作物矿质营养的机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):525-535.
[9]陈远学,陈晓辉,唐义琴,等.不同氮用量下小麦/玉米/大豆周年体系的干物质积累和产量变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(1):73-83.
[10]LI L,SUN J H,ZHANG F S.Intercropping with wheat leads to greater root weight density and larger below-ground space of irrigated maize at late growth stages[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2011,57(1):61-67.
[11]刘广才,杨祁峰,李隆,等.小麦/玉米间作优势及地上部与地下部因素的相对贡献[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(2):477-484.
[12]LI L,SUN J H,ZHANG F S,et al.Wheat/maize or wheat/soybean strip intercroppingⅡ.Recovery or compensation of maize and soybean after wheat harvesting[J].Field Crops Research,2001,71:173-181.
[13]赵亚妮,王科,王佳锐,等.施氮对单作和套作小麦产量和氮素利用特征的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(7):845-852.
[14]雍太文,刘小明,宋春,等.种植方式对玉米-大豆套作体系中作物产量、养分吸收和种间竞争的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(6):659-667.
[15]文熙宸,王小春,邓小燕,等.玉米-大豆套作模式下氮肥运筹对玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(3):448-457.
[16]钟珍梅,黄毅斌,李艳春,等.我国农业面源污染现状及草类植物在污染治理中的应用[J].草业科学,2017,34(2):428-435.
[17]周培禄,任红,齐华,等.氮肥用量对2种不同类型玉米杂交种物质生产及氮素利用的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(2):263-276.
[18]雍太文,董茜,刘小明,等.施肥方式对玉米-大豆套作体系氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(1):84-91.
[19]徐婷,雍太文,刘文钰,等.播期和密度对玉米-大豆套作模式下大豆植株、干物质积累及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(5):593-601.
[20]刘屹湘.小麦玉米间作体系竞争恢复过程的根系互作机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[21]GOU F,ITTERSUM M K V,WANG G Y.Yield and yield components of wheat and maize in wheat-maize intercropping in the Netherlands[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016,76:17-27.
[2]RECKLING M,HECKER J M,BERGKVIST G,et al.A cropping system assessment framework-evaluating effects of introducing legumes into crop rotations[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016,76:186-197.
[3]何承刚,黄高宝,姜华.氮素水平对单作和间套作小麦玉米品质影响的比较研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2003,9(3):280-283.
[4]刘德平,杨树青,史海滨,等.小麦/玉米套作条件下氮、磷配施的肥料效应研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(3):262-269.
[5]孙占祥,邹晓锦,张鑫,等.施氮量对玉米产量和氮素利用效率及土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J].玉米科学,2011,19(5):119-123.
[6]姜琳琳,韩立思,韩晓日,等.氮素对玉米幼苗生长、根系形态及氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2011,17(1):247-253.
[7]胡丹,范茂攀,汤利,等.玉米马铃薯间作施肥的偏生产力分析[J].湖北农业科学,2013(4):776-780.
[8]付学鹏,吴凤芝,吴瑕,等.间套作改善作物矿质营养的机理研究进展[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(2):525-535.
[9]陈远学,陈晓辉,唐义琴,等.不同氮用量下小麦/玉米/大豆周年体系的干物质积累和产量变化[J].草业学报,2014,23(1):73-83.
[10]LI L,SUN J H,ZHANG F S.Intercropping with wheat leads to greater root weight density and larger below-ground space of irrigated maize at late growth stages[J].Soil Science and Plant Nutrition,2011,57(1):61-67.
[11]刘广才,杨祁峰,李隆,等.小麦/玉米间作优势及地上部与地下部因素的相对贡献[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(2):477-484.
[12]LI L,SUN J H,ZHANG F S,et al.Wheat/maize or wheat/soybean strip intercroppingⅡ.Recovery or compensation of maize and soybean after wheat harvesting[J].Field Crops Research,2001,71:173-181.
[13]赵亚妮,王科,王佳锐,等.施氮对单作和套作小麦产量和氮素利用特征的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(7):845-852.
[14]雍太文,刘小明,宋春,等.种植方式对玉米-大豆套作体系中作物产量、养分吸收和种间竞争的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(6):659-667.
[15]文熙宸,王小春,邓小燕,等.玉米-大豆套作模式下氮肥运筹对玉米产量及干物质积累与转运的影响[J].作物学报,2015,41(3):448-457.
[16]钟珍梅,黄毅斌,李艳春,等.我国农业面源污染现状及草类植物在污染治理中的应用[J].草业科学,2017,34(2):428-435.
[17]周培禄,任红,齐华,等.氮肥用量对2种不同类型玉米杂交种物质生产及氮素利用的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(2):263-276.
[18]雍太文,董茜,刘小明,等.施肥方式对玉米-大豆套作体系氮素吸收利用效率的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(1):84-91.
[19]徐婷,雍太文,刘文钰,等.播期和密度对玉米-大豆套作模式下大豆植株、干物质积累及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2014,36(5):593-601.
[20]刘屹湘.小麦玉米间作体系竞争恢复过程的根系互作机制[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[21]GOU F,ITTERSUM M K V,WANG G Y.Yield and yield components of wheat and maize in wheat-maize intercropping in the Netherlands[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2016,76:17-27.