生育女儿对农村居民幸福感的影响
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摘要
中国农村居民深受"多子多福"与"重男轻女"等传统观念的影响,本文从农村居民主观福利的角度出发,试图回应生育女儿是否降低农村居民幸福感这一现实问题。文章采用的数据是2015年中国综合调查数据(CGSS2015)数据,模型分别为Order probit模型与OLS模型,研究的主要发现有以下几点:第一,生育女儿具有"幸福效应",生育女儿的农村居民幸福感提高约8个百分点;第二,女儿数量与农村居民幸福感呈正相关,女儿数量每提高1个百分点,农村居民的幸福感提高约5个百分点;第三,生育女儿对农村居民幸福感的影响存在异质性,生育女儿对母亲、老年人与中高教育群体的农村居民幸福感影响更大。文章的政策意涵是,当今全面"二孩"的政策实施背景下,理应摒弃传统的"重男轻女"、"养儿防老"等观念,做到理性生育,提高其幸福水平。
The effect of China rural residents by "Muti Fu" and "patriarchal" traditional ideas,this article from the perspective of subjective well-being of rural residents,trying to respond to give birth to daughters whether to reduce the problem of rural residents' happiness. The data used in this paper is 2015 Chinese comprehensive survey data(CGSS2015)data model,respectively Order probit model and OLS model,the main findings of the study are as follows:first,to give birth to daughters sense higher than boys in rural residents family happiness,family daughter will be the well-being of rural residents increased by about 8 percentage points;second the number of rural residents,daughter and well-being are positively correlated,each 1 percentage points higher number of daughter,the well-being of rural residents increased by about 5 percentage points;third,there is growing daughter on the impact of rural residents' happiness heterogeneity,give birth to daughters of mothers,the elderly and the high education group of rural residents more happiness big. Policy implications of this paper,the background of the implementation of the comprehensive"two child"policy,should abandon the traditional"patriarchal","and"the idea of rational growth,improve the level of happiness.
The effect of China rural residents by "Muti Fu" and "patriarchal" traditional ideas,this article from the perspective of subjective well-being of rural residents,trying to respond to give birth to daughters whether to reduce the problem of rural residents' happiness. The data used in this paper is 2015 Chinese comprehensive survey data(CGSS2015)data model,respectively Order probit model and OLS model,the main findings of the study are as follows:first,to give birth to daughters sense higher than boys in rural residents family happiness,family daughter will be the well-being of rural residents increased by about 8 percentage points;second the number of rural residents,daughter and well-being are positively correlated,each 1 percentage points higher number of daughter,the well-being of rural residents increased by about 5 percentage points;third,there is growing daughter on the impact of rural residents' happiness heterogeneity,give birth to daughters of mothers,the elderly and the high education group of rural residents more happiness big. Policy implications of this paper,the background of the implementation of the comprehensive"two child"policy,should abandon the traditional"patriarchal","and"the idea of rational growth,improve the level of happiness.
引文
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[2] Easterlin R A. Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?Some Empirical Evidence[J]. Nations&Households in Economic Growth,1974(2):89-125.
[3]刘军强,等.经济增长时期的国民幸福感——基于CGSS数据的追踪研究[J].中国社会科学,2012(12):82-102.
[4]邢占军.我国居民收入与幸福感关系的研究[J].社会学研究,2011(1):196-219.
[5]李路路,石磊.经济增长与幸福感——解析伊斯特林悖论的形成机制[J].社会学研究,2017(3):95-120.
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[7]石智雷.多子未必多福——生育决策、家庭养老与农村老年人生活质量[J].社会学研究,2015(5):189-215.
[8]费孝通.乡土中国[M].辽宁人民出版社,2012.
[9]殷俊,刘一伟.子女数、居住方式与家庭代际支持——基于城乡差异的视角[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(5):66-77.
[10]许琪.儿子养老还是女儿养老?基于家庭内部的比较分析[J].社会,2015(4):199-219.
[11] Glenn N D,Mclanahan S. Children and Marital Happiness:A Further Specification of the Relationship[J]. Journal of Marriage&Family,1982(1):63-72.
[12] Bird C E. Gender Differences in the Social and Economic Burdens of Parenting and Psychological Distress[J]. Journal of Marriage&Family,1997(4):809-823.
[13]严静.幸福家庭的影响指标体系与解释框架——人口学视角的解读[J].东南学术,2013(2):158-166.
[14]穆峥,谢宇.生育对父母主观幸福感的影响[J].社会学研究,2014(6):124-147.
[15]王钦池.生育行为如何影响幸福感[J].人口学刊,2015(4):12-24.
[16] Morgan S P,Lye D N,Condran G A. Sons,Daughters,and the Risk of Marital Disruption[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1988(1):110-129.
[17] Abbott D A,Brody G H. The Relation of Child Age,Gender,and Number of Children to the Marital Adjustment of Wives[J]. Journal of Marriage and the Family,1985(4):77-84.
[18] Yamaguchi K,Ferguson L R. The Stopping and Spacing of Childbirths and Their Birth-History Predictors:RationalChoice Theory and Event-History Analysis[J]. American Sociological Review,1995(2):272-298.
[19] Mizell C. A.,Steelman L. C. All My ChildrenThe Consequences of Sibling Group Characteristics on the Marital Happiness of Young Mothers[J]. Journal of Family Issues,2000(7):858-887.
[20]李婷,范文婷.生育与主观幸福感——基于生命周期和生命历程的视角[J].人口研究,2016(5):6-19.
[21]陆方文,刘国恩,李辉文.子女性别与父母幸福感[J].经济研究,2017(10):173-188.
[22] Hamermesh,Daniel S,and Abrevaya Jason. Beauty Is the Promise of Happiness?[R]. NBER Working Paper,2011:17327.
[23]何立华,金江.谁是幸福的?——个体特征、外部环境与主观幸福感[J].经济评论,2011(5):30-38.
[24]胡洪曙,鲁元平.收入不平等、健康与老年人主观幸福感——来自中国老龄化背景下的经验证据[J].中国软科学,2012(11):41-56.
[25]陈强.高级计量经济学及Stata应用(第二版)[M].高等教育出版社,2014.
[26]刘一伟.社会养老保险、养老期望与生育意愿[J].人口与发展,2017(4):30-40.
[2] Easterlin R A. Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?Some Empirical Evidence[J]. Nations&Households in Economic Growth,1974(2):89-125.
[3]刘军强,等.经济增长时期的国民幸福感——基于CGSS数据的追踪研究[J].中国社会科学,2012(12):82-102.
[4]邢占军.我国居民收入与幸福感关系的研究[J].社会学研究,2011(1):196-219.
[5]李路路,石磊.经济增长与幸福感——解析伊斯特林悖论的形成机制[J].社会学研究,2017(3):95-120.
[6] Mutharayappa R.,Choe M. K.,Arnold F.,et al. Is Son Preference Slowing Down India's Transition to Low Fertility?[J]. Natl Fam Health Surv Bull,1997(4):1-4.
[7]石智雷.多子未必多福——生育决策、家庭养老与农村老年人生活质量[J].社会学研究,2015(5):189-215.
[8]费孝通.乡土中国[M].辽宁人民出版社,2012.
[9]殷俊,刘一伟.子女数、居住方式与家庭代际支持——基于城乡差异的视角[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017(5):66-77.
[10]许琪.儿子养老还是女儿养老?基于家庭内部的比较分析[J].社会,2015(4):199-219.
[11] Glenn N D,Mclanahan S. Children and Marital Happiness:A Further Specification of the Relationship[J]. Journal of Marriage&Family,1982(1):63-72.
[12] Bird C E. Gender Differences in the Social and Economic Burdens of Parenting and Psychological Distress[J]. Journal of Marriage&Family,1997(4):809-823.
[13]严静.幸福家庭的影响指标体系与解释框架——人口学视角的解读[J].东南学术,2013(2):158-166.
[14]穆峥,谢宇.生育对父母主观幸福感的影响[J].社会学研究,2014(6):124-147.
[15]王钦池.生育行为如何影响幸福感[J].人口学刊,2015(4):12-24.
[16] Morgan S P,Lye D N,Condran G A. Sons,Daughters,and the Risk of Marital Disruption[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1988(1):110-129.
[17] Abbott D A,Brody G H. The Relation of Child Age,Gender,and Number of Children to the Marital Adjustment of Wives[J]. Journal of Marriage and the Family,1985(4):77-84.
[18] Yamaguchi K,Ferguson L R. The Stopping and Spacing of Childbirths and Their Birth-History Predictors:RationalChoice Theory and Event-History Analysis[J]. American Sociological Review,1995(2):272-298.
[19] Mizell C. A.,Steelman L. C. All My ChildrenThe Consequences of Sibling Group Characteristics on the Marital Happiness of Young Mothers[J]. Journal of Family Issues,2000(7):858-887.
[20]李婷,范文婷.生育与主观幸福感——基于生命周期和生命历程的视角[J].人口研究,2016(5):6-19.
[21]陆方文,刘国恩,李辉文.子女性别与父母幸福感[J].经济研究,2017(10):173-188.
[22] Hamermesh,Daniel S,and Abrevaya Jason. Beauty Is the Promise of Happiness?[R]. NBER Working Paper,2011:17327.
[23]何立华,金江.谁是幸福的?——个体特征、外部环境与主观幸福感[J].经济评论,2011(5):30-38.
[24]胡洪曙,鲁元平.收入不平等、健康与老年人主观幸福感——来自中国老龄化背景下的经验证据[J].中国软科学,2012(11):41-56.
[25]陈强.高级计量经济学及Stata应用(第二版)[M].高等教育出版社,2014.
[26]刘一伟.社会养老保险、养老期望与生育意愿[J].人口与发展,2017(4):30-40.