性别秩序规训与工程教育女大学生
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摘要
透过对12位工科女大学生的半结构化访谈,可以发现:在工程教育性别秩序的规训之下,女大学生接受工程教育的过程,很大程度上就是一种复制性别弱势与不平等并为之背书的过程,是一种沦为"第二性"而被宰制、被排斥甚至被异化的过程。身处其中的女大学生,明显遭受着多重与性别相关的教育不利与挑战。上述状况不仅揭示了导致女性工程师数量偏少、性别鸿沟至今持续存在的一大主因,而且也反映出当下走向性别平等、包容的工程教育改革依然尚在路上。
Through semi-structured interview of the 12 female university students,the paper shows that the disciplined process of female university students accepting engineering education is largely the reproduction of the weaker sex and gender inequality,also shows their position of being dominated,excluded and dissimilated.The female university students who are among the disciplined process are significantly subjected to the multiple educational disadvantage and challenges which are gender-specific.The above condition reveals the main reason why there is less number of the female engineers,and reflects that engineering education reform featuring gender equality and inclusion is still on the road.
Through semi-structured interview of the 12 female university students,the paper shows that the disciplined process of female university students accepting engineering education is largely the reproduction of the weaker sex and gender inequality,also shows their position of being dominated,excluded and dissimilated.The female university students who are among the disciplined process are significantly subjected to the multiple educational disadvantage and challenges which are gender-specific.The above condition reveals the main reason why there is less number of the female engineers,and reflects that engineering education reform featuring gender equality and inclusion is still on the road.
引文
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[18]欧用生:《课程与教学:概念、理论与实际》,文景出版社1987年版。
[19]史静寰:《教材与教学:影响学生性别观念及行为的重要媒介》,《妇女研究论丛》2002年第2期。
[20]Friedman,S.M..Research Report:Women in Engineering:Influential Factors for Career Choice.Newsletter on Science,Technology,&Human Values,1977,20(6):14-16.
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[22]Hall,R.M.,&Sandler,B.R..The Classroom Climate:A Chilly One for Women?Washington DC:Association of American Colleges,1982:24.
[23]Amelink,C.T.,&Creamer,E.C..Gender Differences in Elements of the Undergraduate Experience that Influence Satisfaction with the Engineering Major and the Intent to Pursue Engineering as a Career.Journal of Engineering Education,2011,100(3):81-92.
[24]Wells,K..Gender-role Identity and Psychological Adjustment in Adolescence.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,1980,9(1):59-73.
[2]Rossi Alice S..Women in Science:Why So Few?.Science,1965,148(May):1201.
[3]Bailyn,L..Experiencing Technical Work:A Comparison of Male and Female Engineers.Human Relation,1987,40(5):299-312.
[4]Cockburn,C..Machinery of Dominance:Women,Men,and Technical Know-How.London:Pluto Press,1985:55.
[5]Zuckerman,H.&Cole,J..Women in American Science,Minerva,1975,3(1):82-102.
[6]Zuckerman,H..Accumulation of Advantage and Disadvantage:the Theory and Its Intellectual Biography.Genova:ECIG,1989:154.
[7]Perrucci,C.C..Minority Status and the Pursuit of Professional Careers:Women in Science and Engineering.Social Forces,1970(49):245-259.
[8]Evens,J..Gender and Career in Science and Engineering.London:Taylor&Francis,1996.
[9]Ruth Carter&Gill Kirkup.Women in Professional Engineering:the Interaction of Gendered Structures and Values.Feminist Review.1990,35(1):92-101.
[10]Sandra Harding.The Science Question in Feminism.Cornell University Press,1986:9.
[11]Sulaiman,N.F.&Al Muftah,H..A Qatari Perspective on Women in the Engineering Pipeline:An Exploratory study.European Journal of Engineering Education,2010,35(5),507-517.
[12]Acker,S.&Oatley,K..Gender Issues in Education for Science and Technology:Current Situation and Prospects for Change.Canadian Journal of Education,1993,18(3):255-272.
[13]Holloway,M.:《科技领域不平等面面观:妇女将拥有更多天地》,《科学(中译本)》1994年第3期。
[14][法]米歇尔·福柯:《规训与惩罚》,三联书店2003年版。
[15]Kelly,A..The Construction of Masculine Science.British Journal of Sociology of Education,1985,6(2):133-153.
[16]Baker,S.,Tancred,P.,&Whitesides,S..Gender and Graduate School:Engineering Students Confront Life After the B.Eng..Journal of Engineering Education,2002,91(1):41-47.
[17]刘慧英:《走出男权传统的樊篱》,三联书店1995年版。
[18]欧用生:《课程与教学:概念、理论与实际》,文景出版社1987年版。
[19]史静寰:《教材与教学:影响学生性别观念及行为的重要媒介》,《妇女研究论丛》2002年第2期。
[20]Friedman,S.M..Research Report:Women in Engineering:Influential Factors for Career Choice.Newsletter on Science,Technology,&Human Values,1977,20(6):14-16.
[21]Varma,R.,&Hahn,H..Gender Differences in Students'Experiences in Computing Education in the United States.International Journal of Engineering Education,2007,23(2):361-367.
[22]Hall,R.M.,&Sandler,B.R..The Classroom Climate:A Chilly One for Women?Washington DC:Association of American Colleges,1982:24.
[23]Amelink,C.T.,&Creamer,E.C..Gender Differences in Elements of the Undergraduate Experience that Influence Satisfaction with the Engineering Major and the Intent to Pursue Engineering as a Career.Journal of Engineering Education,2011,100(3):81-92.
[24]Wells,K..Gender-role Identity and Psychological Adjustment in Adolescence.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,1980,9(1):59-73.