近代中国女西医群体的产生及职业形象塑造
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摘要
早期来华的教会女医生是中国近代女西医群体的先驱,她们在展现精湛医术的同时,引领华人本土女子踏上习医之途。经由出国留学、教会医院和医疗学校培养等多种途径,女西医人员日益增多,20世纪初,业已形成一个新的女性职业群体-女西医。她们或服务于医疗机构,或供职于官办医院,或独立执业,或热衷医学教育,塑造了全新的职业形象,赢得了一定的社会尊重。她们的人生履历冲破了传统的妇女观念和社会习俗,标志着旧时代女性的自我觉醒,昭示着中国妇女开始登上历史舞台,在客观上推动了近代妇女解放运动的发展。
the early church female doctors in China were the pioneers of the western medicine group in modern China. Through studying abroad, teaching hospitals and training of medical schools, female western medicine personnel have been growing, and at the beginning of the 20 th century, a new female professional group was formed-female western medicine. They mainly served in medical institutions, or worked in governmentrunned hospitals, or in independent practice, or in medicine education, which has created a new professional image and earned a certain social respect. Their resume broke through the traditional concept of women's life and social customs, marked the old the female's self-awareness, presages a beginning to take shape, Chinese women in objectively promoted the development of the modern women's liberation movement
the early church female doctors in China were the pioneers of the western medicine group in modern China. Through studying abroad, teaching hospitals and training of medical schools, female western medicine personnel have been growing, and at the beginning of the 20 th century, a new female professional group was formed-female western medicine. They mainly served in medical institutions, or worked in governmentrunned hospitals, or in independent practice, or in medicine education, which has created a new professional image and earned a certain social respect. Their resume broke through the traditional concept of women's life and social customs, marked the old the female's self-awareness, presages a beginning to take shape, Chinese women in objectively promoted the development of the modern women's liberation movement
引文
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[2]何小莲.西医东渐与文化调适[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,2006,227.
[3]沈云龙.近代中国史料丛刊[M].第三编,第59辑,台北:文海出版社,1966,1632.
[4]女医生[J].中国教会新报,1869(48):10-11.
[5]王秀云.不就男医[J].中央研究院近代史研究所集刊,2007(59):29-66.
[6]美以美女医馆添一女医[J].万国公报,1878(518):12.
[7]女医馆启[J].万国公报,1875,27(3):29.
[8]着手成春[J].点石斋画报(乙集),1983,81-82.
[9]女医神技[N].申报,1884-11-28(3).
[10]环球社编辑部.图画日报(1909-1910)[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1999,182.
[11]开县县志编篡委员会.开县县志[M].成都:四川大学出版社,1990,504-506.
[12]劝妇女习医学说[N].申报,1896-5-10(1).
[13]Scott,A.K.An Autobiography of Anna Kay Scott[M]Chicago:ILL,1917,51.
[14]李传斌.条约特权下的医疗事业—基督教在华医疗事业研究[M].长沙:湖南人民出版社,2010,51.
[15]译西字论上海租界医局病人数目[N].申报,1872-8-24(2).
[16]嘉惠霖、琼斯.博济医院百年(1835-1935)[M].广州:广东人民出版社,2009,151.
[17]杰西·格·卢茨.中国教会大学史[M].杭州:浙江教育出版社,1987,143.
[18]褚季能.甲午战前四位女留学生[J].东方杂志,1934,31(11):10-14.
[19]齐文颖.美国史探研[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2001,447.
[20]杨红星.近代女性医学留学生的社会角色建构[J].教育评论,2012,(6):135-137.
[21]陶善敏.中国女子医学教育[J].中华医学杂志,1933,19(6):849-864.
[22]Brown,G.T.Earthen Vessel and Transcendent Power:American Presbyterians in China,1837-1952[M].Maryknoll,New York:Orbis Books,1997.228.
[23]夏东民.博习医院(苏州)始末[J].中华医史杂志,1997,27(2):82-85.
[24]邓铁涛、程之范.中国医学通史(近代卷)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2000,483.
[25]施杞.上海历代名医方技集成[M].上海:学林出版社,1994,123.
[26]朱有献.中国近代学制史料[M].第三辑下,上海:华东师范大学出版社,1989,294.
[27]中国之女医生[J],妇女杂志,1919,5(7):1.
[28]中华续行委办会调查特委会.中华归主—中国基督教事业统计1901-1920年(下)[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1987,891.
[29]许世瑾.全国登记医师统计[J].中华医学杂志,1933,19(5):746-754.
[30]Fulton,M.H.Inasmuch[M].West Medford:The Central Committee,83.
[31]康女士之神技[N].警钟日报,1904-12-22(2).
[32]梁启超.记江西康女士[J].时务报,1897,(21):2-3.
[33]记女子中西医学堂放假盛仪[N].申报,1905-7-13(4).
[34]邓雨生.全粤社会实录·水藤如春善社[M].广州:广东学务公所印刷处,1908,87.
[35]中西医学刍言[N].申报,1903-9-28(1).
[36]杨秋.从竹枝词看清末民初广州的社会风尚[J].民族文学研究,2004,(3):42-46.
[37]参观上海医院周年会记[J].中西医学报,1910,(8):1-2.
[38]赠医广告[N].警钟日报,1904-5-22(1).
[39]朱彤章女医生医例[N].申报,1914-12-8(11).
[40]赵俐.清末民初中国女西医研究(1879-1919)[D].湖南师范大学,2013,36.
[41]接生善社[J].女子世界(上海1904),1904,(12):4-5.
[42]邓雨生.全粤社会实录·广东赈灾慈善会[M],广州:广东学务公所印刷处,1908,153.
[43]包德成.中华民国史料丛稿译稿·民国人物传记词典[M].第9分册,沈自敏译,北京:中华书局,1980,97-98.
[44]马君武.女士张竹君传[M].新民丛报,汇编,1904,941.
[45]梁焕真.自述[M].夏葛医科大学三十周年纪念录,1929,2.
[46]组织求实女医学堂[N].申报,1910-12-27(11).
[47]Burton,M.E.Women of Modern China[M].New York:Fleming,H.Revell Company,1912,174-175.
[48]沈彦燊.柔济医院忆昔[M].广州:广东人民出版社,1985,158.
[49]朱庆澜、梁鼎芬.广东通志稿[M].北京:中华全国图书馆文献缩微复制中心,2001,1113.
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[51]女医禀请赴会[N].大公报(天津),1904-4-29.