农村已婚妇女性健康影响因素
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摘要
目的了解农村已婚妇女的性健康相关知识、态度和行为现状,并分析其影响因素,为制定有针对性的干预策略提供科学依据。方法整群抽取黑龙江省12个自然村的1 200名农村已婚妇女作为调查对象,应用自编"农村妇女性健康状况调查问卷"进行一对一问卷调查。结果农村已婚妇女性知识总体知晓率为8.13%,其中怀孕流产知识、性病知识和避孕知识的知晓率分别为13.58%、7.63%和6.39%。21.47%的农村妇女反感性生活,40.28%的农村妇女对性仍然持保守态度,39.13%的农村妇女社会性别意识较弱。自报最近一年无性生活的农村妇女占9.67%,61.14%的农村妇女从未使用过避孕套,6.12%的农村妇女自报发生过婚前性行为。多因素Logistics回归分析发现年龄(P=0.029)、文化程度(P均<0.05)是农村妇女避孕知识知晓率低的影响因素。年龄(P均<0.05)、文化程度(P均<0.05)、职业(P=0.012)、家庭年收入(P均<0.05)、家庭决定权(P=0.012)及夫妻关系(P均<0.05)是农村妇女性健康态度及性健康行为的重要影响因素。结论农村妇女性健康状况不容乐观,社会相关部门应重点关注高年龄、低学历、收入水平低的农村妇女,有针对性的开展性健康宣传教育并提供安全有效的卫生保健服务,以切实可行的改善农村妇女的性健康状况。
Objective To understand rural married women's sexual health knowledge,attitude,behavior status,analyze influence factors,and provide scientific evidence for the targeted intervention strategies.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to interview 1 200 rural married women from 12 different villages in the Heilongjiang Province.A self-made"questionnaire with regard to the sexual health of rural women"was conducted on the one-to-one basis.Results(1) For the rural married women,the total awareness rate about sexual health knowledge was 8.13%,the percentage of the knowledge about pregnancy and abortion,about sexually transmitted diseases and about contraception was 13.58%,7.63% and 6.39% respectively.(2) 21.47 % of rural women were disgusted toward sexual behavior,40.28% of rural women stayed conservative toward sex,and 39.13% of rural women had weaker gender awareness.(3) According to the survey,9.67% of rural women did not have sexual intercourse up to one year,61.14% of rural women never used condoms,6.12% of rural women self-reported that they had premarital sex.(4) Based on the logistics analysis of regression,it was found that both the level of education(OR = 0.433-0.822,average P < 0.05) and age(OR = 0.450,P = 0.029)played a significant role in the lower awareness rate of the knowledge about contraception.There were several important factors influencing the sexual attitude and healthy sexual behavior for rural women,such as:age(OR = 0.042-11.464,average P < 0.05),the level of education(OR = 0.472-0.722,average P < 0.05),the occupation(OR = 0.437,P = 0.012),the annual household income(OR = 0.254-0.531,average P < 0.05),the family decision rights(OR = 0.401-0.531,P = 0.012) and the conjugal relationships(OR = 1.351-10.927,average P < 0.05).Conclusion Rural women's sexual health condition is not optimistic.Various social departments should pay attention to rural women with higher age,lower level of education,lower income,not only should the promotion of targeted sexual health be carried out,but also the safe and effective health care service should be provided to ensure a feasible improvement for the status of sexual health of rural women.
Objective To understand rural married women's sexual health knowledge,attitude,behavior status,analyze influence factors,and provide scientific evidence for the targeted intervention strategies.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to interview 1 200 rural married women from 12 different villages in the Heilongjiang Province.A self-made"questionnaire with regard to the sexual health of rural women"was conducted on the one-to-one basis.Results(1) For the rural married women,the total awareness rate about sexual health knowledge was 8.13%,the percentage of the knowledge about pregnancy and abortion,about sexually transmitted diseases and about contraception was 13.58%,7.63% and 6.39% respectively.(2) 21.47 % of rural women were disgusted toward sexual behavior,40.28% of rural women stayed conservative toward sex,and 39.13% of rural women had weaker gender awareness.(3) According to the survey,9.67% of rural women did not have sexual intercourse up to one year,61.14% of rural women never used condoms,6.12% of rural women self-reported that they had premarital sex.(4) Based on the logistics analysis of regression,it was found that both the level of education(OR = 0.433-0.822,average P < 0.05) and age(OR = 0.450,P = 0.029)played a significant role in the lower awareness rate of the knowledge about contraception.There were several important factors influencing the sexual attitude and healthy sexual behavior for rural women,such as:age(OR = 0.042-11.464,average P < 0.05),the level of education(OR = 0.472-0.722,average P < 0.05),the occupation(OR = 0.437,P = 0.012),the annual household income(OR = 0.254-0.531,average P < 0.05),the family decision rights(OR = 0.401-0.531,P = 0.012) and the conjugal relationships(OR = 1.351-10.927,average P < 0.05).Conclusion Rural women's sexual health condition is not optimistic.Various social departments should pay attention to rural women with higher age,lower level of education,lower income,not only should the promotion of targeted sexual health be carried out,but also the safe and effective health care service should be provided to ensure a feasible improvement for the status of sexual health of rural women.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中华人民共和国2016年国民经济和社会发展统计公报[N].人民日报,2017-03-01(10).
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[5]Banerjee SK,Andersen KL,Warvadekar J,et al.How prepared are young,rural women in India to address their sexual and reproductive health needs?a cross-sectional assessment of youth in Jharkhand[J].Reproductive health,2015,12(1):97.
[6]王俊松.天津市蓟县城乡围绝经期妇女性生活现状及相关影响因素[J].山西医药杂志,2014,43(14):1646-1649.
[7]秦琛.农村留守妇女婚姻观研究[D].晋中:山西农业大学,2015.
[8]Fladseth K,Gafos M,Newell ML,et al.The impact of gender norms on condom use among HIV-positive adults in KwaZuluNatal,South Africa[J].PLo S One,2015,10(4):e0122671.
[9]QIN QR,JI GP,XU J,et al.Risk of sexual HIV transmission among wives left behind and wives of nonmigrant men in rural areas of China[J].Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDSCare,2009,20(4):308-315.
[10]SUN X,SUN Y,ZONG Z,et al.Sexual and reproductive healthcare utilization among women aged 40 to 49 in rural China[J].Menopause-the Journal of the North American Menopause Society,2016,23(10):1146-1151.
[11]Pascoe SJ,Langhaug LF,Mavhu W,et al.Poverty,food insufficiency and HIV infection and sexual behaviour among young rural Zimbabwean women[J].Plos One,2015,10(1):e0115290.
[12]Exavery A,KantéAM,Tani K,et al.Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania[J].Hiv/aids Research&Palliative Care,2015(7):105-113.
[2]王成科,杨晓玲,王晓丽.1235例梅毒病例流行病学统计分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2013,24(1):91-92.
[3]邢燕,郝新春,方国民,等.湖北浠水县1997-2012年艾滋病疫情流行病学分析[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2014,25(1):96-98.
[4]张广荣,肖永红.农村已婚育龄妇女避孕节育状况调查及影响因素分析[J].中国妇幼保健,2014,29(2):245-248.
[5]Banerjee SK,Andersen KL,Warvadekar J,et al.How prepared are young,rural women in India to address their sexual and reproductive health needs?a cross-sectional assessment of youth in Jharkhand[J].Reproductive health,2015,12(1):97.
[6]王俊松.天津市蓟县城乡围绝经期妇女性生活现状及相关影响因素[J].山西医药杂志,2014,43(14):1646-1649.
[7]秦琛.农村留守妇女婚姻观研究[D].晋中:山西农业大学,2015.
[8]Fladseth K,Gafos M,Newell ML,et al.The impact of gender norms on condom use among HIV-positive adults in KwaZuluNatal,South Africa[J].PLo S One,2015,10(4):e0122671.
[9]QIN QR,JI GP,XU J,et al.Risk of sexual HIV transmission among wives left behind and wives of nonmigrant men in rural areas of China[J].Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDSCare,2009,20(4):308-315.
[10]SUN X,SUN Y,ZONG Z,et al.Sexual and reproductive healthcare utilization among women aged 40 to 49 in rural China[J].Menopause-the Journal of the North American Menopause Society,2016,23(10):1146-1151.
[11]Pascoe SJ,Langhaug LF,Mavhu W,et al.Poverty,food insufficiency and HIV infection and sexual behaviour among young rural Zimbabwean women[J].Plos One,2015,10(1):e0115290.
[12]Exavery A,KantéAM,Tani K,et al.Sociodemographic drivers of multiple sexual partnerships among women in three rural districts of Tanzania[J].Hiv/aids Research&Palliative Care,2015(7):105-113.