渤海湾盆地东营凹陷东部孔店组红层储层特征及控制因素
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摘要
通过采用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、压汞实验等技术手段,利用储层特征定性描述与成岩改造孔隙量定量表征相结合的研究方法,对红层储层沉积成岩特征和储集空间成因类型进行研究,明确红层储层物性的主控因素。结果表明:红层沉积时期发育冲积扇—洪水-漫湖—盐湖沉积体系;储层主要发育在冲积扇、漫湖坪、漫湖席状砂、漫湖滩坝中,储层中主要发育原生粒间孔、残余粒间孔、粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔等4类孔隙;红层储层受控于沉积作用和成岩作用,其中沉积作用表现为岩石粒径和成熟度对储层孔隙结构和物性的影响,而成岩作用对储层物性起到明显的控制作用,压实减孔量主要受控于深度和填隙物含量控制,胶结减孔量受控于早期碱性成岩环境的强弱,溶蚀增孔量受控于中晚期酸性成岩环境的强弱,离湖盆中心越近,胶结减孔量、溶蚀增孔量越高,反之则越低。
Comprehensive analyses were implemented to investigate the sedimentary diagenetic characteristics and reservoir space genetic types of red beds,utilizing core observation,thin section identification,scanning electron microscope observation and mercury injection experiment.A qualitative description of reservoir characteristics was combined with the quantitative characterization of porosity due to diagenetic modification.In addition,the main factors controlling the physical properties of red beds were explored.It is demonstrated that during the deposition of red beds,the main environment was the alluvial fanflooded lake-salty lake sedimentary system,and reservoirs were mainly developed in the alluvial fan,flooded lacustrine flat,flooded lacustrine sheet sandstone,and flooded lacustrine beaches and bars,in which the dominant pores are primary intergranular pores,residual intergranular pores,intergranular dissolution pores,and intragranular dissolution pores.Sedimentation and diagenesis are identified to be the main controlling factors: the former controlled the pore structure and physical properties through influencing the grain size and maturity of red beds,while the latter determined the reservoir properties by compaction,cementation and dissolution.To be specific,the porosity decrease due to compaction was controlled by burial depth and fillings,the porosity loss due to cementation was determined by the eogenetic alkaline diagenetic environment,and the porosity increase due to dissolution was attributable to the acidity of the telogenetic sedimentary environment.Lastly,the porosity loss due to cementation and the porosity increase due to dissolution were enhanced in the lacustrine center.
Comprehensive analyses were implemented to investigate the sedimentary diagenetic characteristics and reservoir space genetic types of red beds,utilizing core observation,thin section identification,scanning electron microscope observation and mercury injection experiment.A qualitative description of reservoir characteristics was combined with the quantitative characterization of porosity due to diagenetic modification.In addition,the main factors controlling the physical properties of red beds were explored.It is demonstrated that during the deposition of red beds,the main environment was the alluvial fanflooded lake-salty lake sedimentary system,and reservoirs were mainly developed in the alluvial fan,flooded lacustrine flat,flooded lacustrine sheet sandstone,and flooded lacustrine beaches and bars,in which the dominant pores are primary intergranular pores,residual intergranular pores,intergranular dissolution pores,and intragranular dissolution pores.Sedimentation and diagenesis are identified to be the main controlling factors: the former controlled the pore structure and physical properties through influencing the grain size and maturity of red beds,while the latter determined the reservoir properties by compaction,cementation and dissolution.To be specific,the porosity decrease due to compaction was controlled by burial depth and fillings,the porosity loss due to cementation was determined by the eogenetic alkaline diagenetic environment,and the porosity increase due to dissolution was attributable to the acidity of the telogenetic sedimentary environment.Lastly,the porosity loss due to cementation and the porosity increase due to dissolution were enhanced in the lacustrine center.
引文
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[12]李继岩,贾光华,王晓蕾,等.地球物理相在东营凹陷始新统红层沉积相研究中的应用[J].测井技术,2016,40(2):220-228.LI Jiyan,JIA Guanghua,WANG Xiaolei,et al.Application of geophysical facies to sedimentary facies study in the Eocene Red-beds,Dongying Sag[J].Well Logging Technology,2016,40(2):220-228.
[13]应凤祥,罗平,何东博,等.中国含油气盆地碎屑岩储集层成岩作用与成岩数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[14]BEARD D C,WEYL P K.Influence of texture on porosity and permebility of unconsolidated sand[J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57(2):349-369.
[15]HUOSEKNECHT D W.Assessing the relative importance of compaction processes and cementation to reduction of porosity in sandstone[J].AAPG Bulletion,1987,71(6):633-642.
[16]黄宇琪,张金川,张鹏,等.东濮凹陷北部沙三段泥页岩微观储集空间特征及其主控因素[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(3):8-16.HUANG Yuqi,ZHANG Jinchuan,ZHANG Peng,et al.Microscopic characteristics and main controlling factors of shale reservoir space of Es3 formation,Northern Dongpu depression[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2016,35(3):8-16.
[17]刘华.东营凹陷古近系-新近系流体-岩石相互作用分带特征[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(2):41-50.LIU Hua.Fluid-rock interaction zones and their characteristics of Palaeogene and Neogene systems in Dongying Depression[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2015,34(2):41-50.
[2]张玥.柴达木盆地北缘西段第三系沉积储层砂岩的成岩作用研究[D].成都:成都理工大学,2010.ZHANG Yue.The diagenesis research on the west part of the Northern margin in the Qaidam basinesis[D].Cheng Du:Chengdu University of Technology,2010.
[3]欧成华,董兆雄,魏学斌.柴达木盆地干柴沟—咸水泉地区中—深层成岩演化及其对储集体性能的影响[J].古地理学报,2011,12(1):85-95.OU Chenghua,DONG Zhaoxiong,WEI Xuebin.Diagenetic evolution and its influence on reservoir properties of the middle-deep strata in Ganchaigou-Xianshuiquan region of Qaidam Basin[J].Ournal Of Palaeo Geography,2011,12(1):85-95.
[4]刘传虎,韩宏伟.济阳坳陷古近系红层沉积成藏主控因素与勘探潜力[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊1):63-70.LIU Chuanhu,HAN Hongwei.Main controlling factors of deposition,hydrocarbon accumulation and exploration potential of Paleogene red beds in Jiyang depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(sup 1):63-70.
[5]朱筱敏,王英国,钟大康,等.济阳坳陷古近系储层孔隙类型与次生孔隙成因[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):197-205.ZHU Xiaomin,WANG Yingguo,ZHONG Dakang,et al.Pore types and secondary pore evolution of Paleogene reservoir in the Jiyang Sag[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2007,81(2):197-205.
[6]吕明才,张立强,史文东,等.东营凹陷南斜坡孔店组冲积体系碎屑岩储层特征及评价[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,19(6):5-11.LMingcai,ZHANG Liqiang,SHI Wendong,et al.Characteristics and evaluation of the clastic reservoirs in Kongdian Member in the southern slope belt of Dongying Sag[J].Journal of Xian Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2004,19(6):5-11.
[7]李继岩,宋国奇,高永进,等.东营凹陷始新统红层古沉积环境恢复及其地质意义[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2013,12(2):85-95.LI Jiyan,SONG Guoqi,GAO Yongjin,et al.Recovery of the palaeosedimentary environment in Eocene red formations and its geological significances for Dongying sag[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2013,12(2):85-95.
[8]王健,操应长,高永进,等.东营凹陷古近系红层储层成岩作用特征及形成机制[J].石油学报,2013,34(2):283-292.WANG Jian,CAO Yingchang,GAO Yongjin,et al.Diagenetic characteristics and formation mechanism of Paleogene red-bed reservoirs in Dongying sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(2):283-292.
[9]王健,操应长,高永进,等.东营凹陷古近系红层储层成岩作用及成岩相[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(4):23-29.WANG Jian,CAO Yingchang,GAO Yongjin,et al.Diagenesis and diagenetic facies of red beds reservoirs of Paleogene in Dongying depression[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2013,37(4):23-29.
[10]牛栓文,李继岩.东营凹陷东部始新统红层储层多重成岩环境及演化模式[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(5):661-669.NIU Shuanwen,LI Jiyan.Multiple diagenetic environments and evolutionary patterns of the Eocene red beds in the eastern Dongying Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2014,35(5):661-669.
[11]李继岩,宋国奇,王晓蕾,等.不同沉积环境形成的储层成岩差异性研究:以东营凹陷王家岗地区红层与博兴洼陷灰层滩坝为例[J].天然气地球科学,2015,26(2):269-276.LI Jiyan,SONG Guoqi,WANG Xiaolei,et al.Study on the differences of diagenetic evolution under different sedimentary environment:take an example of the redbeds of Wangjiagang,Dongting Sag and Oligocene graybeds beach-bar of Boxing Sag[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2015,26(2):269-276.
[12]李继岩,贾光华,王晓蕾,等.地球物理相在东营凹陷始新统红层沉积相研究中的应用[J].测井技术,2016,40(2):220-228.LI Jiyan,JIA Guanghua,WANG Xiaolei,et al.Application of geophysical facies to sedimentary facies study in the Eocene Red-beds,Dongying Sag[J].Well Logging Technology,2016,40(2):220-228.
[13]应凤祥,罗平,何东博,等.中国含油气盆地碎屑岩储集层成岩作用与成岩数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[14]BEARD D C,WEYL P K.Influence of texture on porosity and permebility of unconsolidated sand[J].AAPG Bulletin,1973,57(2):349-369.
[15]HUOSEKNECHT D W.Assessing the relative importance of compaction processes and cementation to reduction of porosity in sandstone[J].AAPG Bulletion,1987,71(6):633-642.
[16]黄宇琪,张金川,张鹏,等.东濮凹陷北部沙三段泥页岩微观储集空间特征及其主控因素[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,35(3):8-16.HUANG Yuqi,ZHANG Jinchuan,ZHANG Peng,et al.Microscopic characteristics and main controlling factors of shale reservoir space of Es3 formation,Northern Dongpu depression[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2016,35(3):8-16.
[17]刘华.东营凹陷古近系-新近系流体-岩石相互作用分带特征[J].山东科技大学学报(自然科学版),2015,34(2):41-50.LIU Hua.Fluid-rock interaction zones and their characteristics of Palaeogene and Neogene systems in Dongying Depression[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2015,34(2):41-50.