高碱煤燃烧过程中结渣机理研究进展
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摘要
总结了高碱煤燃烧过程中结渣机理的研究现状,概述了高碱煤中碱金属的赋存形式及其在燃烧过程中的演变规律与高碱煤燃烧过程中的结渣机理.煤中赋存的碱金属化合物在燃烧过程中与烟气中的其他化合物反应生成气态的碱金属原子、碱金属硫酸盐、碱金属碳酸盐、碱金属氯化物、碱金属氢氧化物及固态或熔融态的含碱金属矿物质.硫酸钠及硫酸钙在受热面表面形成内白层并捕获烟气中灰颗粒,与之反应生成低熔点化合物,促进渣层的生长.硫酸钠及硫酸钙亦可在固态或熔融态的灰颗粒表面形成液态黏性的涂层.这种带有涂层的颗粒与烟气中含铁矿物质的颗粒加剧了结渣的形成.结合高碱煤结渣的特点,概述了高碱煤的结渣防治技术.
A review of the previous research on the mechanism for slagging during the high alkali coal combustion was presented.The occurrence modes of the sodium contained in the high alkali coal and the conversion rule of the sodium during the high alkali coal combustion was summarized as follows:during coal combustion process,alkali metals are released and transported either in the form of solid particles or vapor species in the combustion gas.The main occurrence modes of alkali metals in solid particles is,A-silicates and A-aluminosilicates(A represents K and Na),and the main occurrence modes of alkali vapor species is A(g),ACl(g),A_2CO_3(g),A_2SO_4(g),and AOH(g).The slagging mechanism caused during the high alkali coal combustion process can be illustrated as follows:the vaporized Na_2SO_4 and CaSO_4 at high temperature will condense on heating surface and form an initial sticky slagging layer as an adhesive that bonds the subsequent deposits and heating surfaces together and the condensed Na_2SO_4 and CaSO_4 react with the subsequent deposits from low melting point chemical compounds to promote growth of slagging.Furthermore,coating particles due to the condensation of the vaporized Na_2SO_4 and CaSO_4 at high temperature on grain boundary and iron-bearing minerals promote growth of slagging.The mode of boiler slagging prediction and the current control technologies for the high sodium coal slagging were briefly introduced and some potentially promising research topics on the slagging mechanism of the high alkali coal were discussed.
A review of the previous research on the mechanism for slagging during the high alkali coal combustion was presented.The occurrence modes of the sodium contained in the high alkali coal and the conversion rule of the sodium during the high alkali coal combustion was summarized as follows:during coal combustion process,alkali metals are released and transported either in the form of solid particles or vapor species in the combustion gas.The main occurrence modes of alkali metals in solid particles is,A-silicates and A-aluminosilicates(A represents K and Na),and the main occurrence modes of alkali vapor species is A(g),ACl(g),A_2CO_3(g),A_2SO_4(g),and AOH(g).The slagging mechanism caused during the high alkali coal combustion process can be illustrated as follows:the vaporized Na_2SO_4 and CaSO_4 at high temperature will condense on heating surface and form an initial sticky slagging layer as an adhesive that bonds the subsequent deposits and heating surfaces together and the condensed Na_2SO_4 and CaSO_4 react with the subsequent deposits from low melting point chemical compounds to promote growth of slagging.Furthermore,coating particles due to the condensation of the vaporized Na_2SO_4 and CaSO_4 at high temperature on grain boundary and iron-bearing minerals promote growth of slagging.The mode of boiler slagging prediction and the current control technologies for the high sodium coal slagging were briefly introduced and some potentially promising research topics on the slagging mechanism of the high alkali coal were discussed.
引文
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[2]ZHOU Jibin,ZHUANG Xinguo,ALASTUEY A,et al.Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Coal in the Recently Explored Zhundong Large Coal Field in the Junggar Basin,Xinjiang Province,China[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2010,82(1/2):51-67.
[3]张守玉,陈川,施大钟,等.高钠煤燃烧利用现状[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(5):1-12.ZHANG Shouyu,CHEN Chuan,SHI Dazhong,et al.Situation of Combustion Utilization of High Sodium Coal[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(5):1-12.
[4]WEI Bo,TAN Houzhang,WANG Yibin,et al.Investigation of Characteristics and Formation Mechanisms of Deposits on Different Positions in Full-scale Boiler Burning High Alkali Coal[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,119:449-458.
[5]陈川,张守玉,刘大海,等.新疆高钠煤中钠的赋存形态及其对燃烧过程的影响[J].燃料化学学报,2013,41(7):832-838.CHEN Chuan,ZHANG Shouyu,LIU Dahai,et al.Existence Form of Sodium in High Sodium Coals From Xinjiang and Its Effect on Combustion Process[J].Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology,2013,41(7):832-838.
[6]刘大海,张守玉,涂圣康,等.五彩湾煤中钠在燃烧过程中的迁移释放规律[J].化工进展,2015,34(3):705-709.LIU Dahai,ZHANG Shouyu,TU Shengkang,et al.Transformation and Release of Sodium in Wucaiwan Coal During Combustion[J].Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2015,34(3):705-709.
[7]WANG Zhihua,LIU Yingzu,WHIDDON R,et al.Measurement of Atomic Sodium Release During Pyrolysis and Combustion of Sodium-enriched Zhundong Coal Pellet[J].Combustion&Flame,2017,176:429-438.
[8]WU Xiaojiang,ZHANG Xiang,YAN Kai,et al.Ash Deposition and Slagging Behavior of Chinese Xinjiang High-alkali Coal in3 MW th,Pilot-scale Combustion Test[J].Fuel,2016,181:1191-1202.
[9]SONG Guoliang,QI Xiaobin,SONG Weijian,et al.Slagging Behaviors of High Alkali Zhundong Coal During Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasification[J].Fuel,2016,186:140-149.
[10]WANG Xuebin,XU Zhaoxia,WEI Bo,et al.The Ash Deposition Mechanism in Boilers Burning Zhundong Coal with High Contents of Sodium and Calcium:a Study from Ash Evaporating to Condensing[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2015,80:150-159.
[11]ZHOU Hao,ZHOU Bin,LI Letian,et al.Experimental Measurement of the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Ash Deposit for High Sodium Coal(Zhundong Coal)in a 300kW Test Furnace[J].Energy&Fuels,2013,27(11):7008-7022.
[12]BRYERS R W.Fireside Slagging,Fouling,and High-temperature Corrosion of Heat-transfer Surface due to Impurities in Steam-raising Fuels[J].Progress in Energy&Combustion Science,1996,22(1):29-120.
[13]GAO Qi,LI Shuiqing,YUAN Ye,et al.Ultrafine Particulate Matter Formation in the Early Stage of Pulverized Coal Combustion of High-sodium Lignite[J].Fuel,2015,158:224-231.
[14]LI Gengda,LI Shuiqing,HUANG Qian,et al.Fine Particulate Formation and Ash Deposition During Pulverized Coal Combustion of High-sodium Lignite in a Down-fired Furnace[J].Fuel,2015,143(44):430-437.
[15]杨靖宁,张守玉,姚云隆,等.高温热解过程中新疆高碱煤中钙的演变[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(10):2555-2559.YANG Jingning,ZHANG Shouyu,YAO Yunlong,et al.Calcium Transformation During the High-temperature Pyrolysis Process of High-alkali Coal from Xinjiang[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(10):2555-2559.
[16]黄小河,张守玉,杨靖宁,等.准东煤高温燃烧过程中含钙矿物质的转化规律[J].化工学报,2017,68(10):3906-3911.HUANG Xiaohe,ZHANG Shouyu,YANG Jingning,et al.Calcium Transformation During Zhundong Coal Combustion Process[J].CIESC Journal,2017,68(10):3906-3911.
[17]GUO Shuai,JIANG Yunfeng,YU Zhongliang,et al.Correlating the Sodium Release with Coal Compositions During Combustion of Sodium-rich Coals[J].Fuel,2017,196:252-260.
[18]HUANG Zhenyu,YAN Li,DAN Lu,et al.Improvement of the Coal Ash Slagging Tendency by Coal Washing and Additive Blending with Mullite Generation[J].Energy&Fuels,2013,27(4):2049-2056.
[19]WEI Bo,WANG Xuebin,TAN Houzhang,et al.Effect of Silicon-aluminum Additives on Ash Fusion and Ash Mineral Conversion of Xinjiang High-sodium Coal[J].Fuel,2016,181:1224-1229.
[20]涂圣康,张守玉,施登宇,等.添加剂对五彩湾煤燃烧过程中钠析出的影响[J].热能动力工程,2016,31(8):69-74.TU Shengkang,ZHANG Shouyu,SHI Dengyu,et al.The Influence of Additive on Emission of the Sodium Contained in Wucaiwan Coal During Combustion[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2016,31(8):69-74.
[21]涂圣康,张守玉,施大钟,等.添加剂对高钠煤热解过程中钠析出的影响[J].煤炭转化,2016,39(1):31-34.TU Shengkang,ZHANG Shouyu,SHI Dazhong,et al.Effect of Additive on Emission of Sodium in High-sodium Coal During Pyrolysis[J].Coal Conversion,39(1):31-34.
[22]YAO Yuxiang,JIN Jing,LIU Dunyu,et al.Evaluation of Vermiculite in Reducing Ash Deposition During the Combustion of High-calcium and High-sodium Zhundong Coal in a Drop-tube Furnace[J].Energy&Fuels,2016,30(4):3488-3494.
[23]SHADMAN F,PUNJAK W A.Thermochemistry of Alkali Interactions with Refractory Adsorbents[J].Thermochimica Acta,1988,131(88):141-152.
[24]陈川,张守玉,施大钟,等.准东煤脱钠提质研究[J].煤炭转化,2013,36(4):14-18.CHEN Chuan,ZHANG Shouyu,SHI Dazhong,et al.Study on Sodium Removal for Zhundong Coal Upgrading[J].Coal Conversion,2013,36(4):14-18.
[25]刘大海,张守玉,陈川,等.新疆高钠煤脱钠提质过程中钠存在形式[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(12):2519-2524.LIU Dahai,ZHANG Shouyu,CHEN Chuan,et al.Existence Form of Sodium in the High Sodium Coals From Xinjiang During Its Sodium Removal Process[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(12):2519-2524.
[26]GAO Yaxin,DING Lizhi,LI Xian,et al.Na&Ca Removal from Zhundong Coal by a Novel CO2-water Leaching Method and the Ashing Behavior of the Leached Coal[J].Fuel,2017,210:8-14.
[27]ZHANG Zizhi,ZHU Mingming,ZHANG Yang,et al.Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Single Particles of Zhundong Lignite:Effect of Water and Acid Washing[J].Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2017,36(2):2139-2146.
[28]金涛,张守玉,施登宇,等.高钠煤调湿后微波脱钠处理实验研究[J].热能动力工程,2016,31(4):95-99.JIN Tao,ZHANG Shouyu,SHI Dengyu,et al.Experimental Study on the Microwave Treatment to Remove Sodium from High Sodium Coal After Humidifying[J].Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power,2016,31(4):95-99.
[29]黄小河,张守玉,江锋浩.五彩湾煤微波脱钠提质研究[J].洁净煤技术,2017,23(5):1-6.HUANG Xiaohe,ZHANG Shouyu,JIANG Fenghao.Sodium Removal from Wucaiwan Coal by Microwave Treatment[J].Clean Coal Technology,2017,23(5):1-6.
[30]李想,孙文博,吕太.离子交换法洗涤准东煤脱钠提质研究[J].煤炭转化,2017,40(2):11-15.LI Xiang,SUN Wenbo,LYU Tai.Ion Exchange Method of Coal-washing and Sodium-removing for Zhundong Coal Upgrading[J].Coal Conversion,2017,40(2):11-15.
[31]范建勇.准东煤结渣特性及其配煤灰熔融性试验研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014.FAN Jianyong.Reserrch on Zhundong Coal’s Slagging Characteristic and Its Ash Fusibility of Blending Coal[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2014.
[32]薛瑞轩.准东煤燃烧与结渣特性研究[D].保定:华北电力大学,2014.XUE Ruixuan.Study of Combustion and Slagging Characteristics of Zhundong Coal[D].Baoding:North China Electric Power University,2014.
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