煤中碱(土)金属形态在煤转化过程中的作用及不同形态间转化的研究进展
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摘要
煤中的碱(土)金属(alkali/alkaline earth metals,AAEM)既可导致设备结渣、腐蚀,对燃烧、气化等反应也有显著的催化作用。识别煤中AAEM的形态,揭示其在煤转化过程中的作用与产生机制,明晰不同形态间的迁移转化规律,是减缓或消除设备玷污、腐蚀,强化催化作用的前提和基础。论文对煤中AAEM赋存形态和分离方法、造成设备积灰腐蚀的机制以及对煤炭燃烧、气化等催化机理的研究做了较为系统的综述性评介,着重探讨AAEM不同形态间相互转化的可能性。结果表明,借助逐级萃取法可将煤中AAEM划分成水溶型、离子交换型、酸溶型和不溶型4种形态,但现有方法存在缺陷,可通过筛选萃取溶剂和规范操作流程进行完善,达到准确分离的目的;AAEM是造成设备玷污、腐蚀,还是催化燃烧、气化,取决于AAEM的物种,对AAEM所起作用与其形态间的关系尚不清晰,需通过研究进一步验证;采用水洗、酸洗、添加剂、混配煤等方法来缓解或消除AAEM有害影响具有局限性,基于不同形态的AAEM可以相互转化,促使有害形态的AAEM向有益形态转化,可为高碱低阶煤洁净高效利用提供新的思路。
Alkali/alkaline earth metals(AAEM)in coal can cause slagging and corrosion in a boiler or gasifier, while their catalytic effect has been confirmed for combustion and gasification. Thus, identifying the occurrence modes of AAEM in coal, revealing their roles in coal conversion processes and exploring the probability of transformation among different occurrence modes of AAEM are of great significance in investigation of approaches to alleviating or eliminating the slagging and corrosion of the apparatus and to strengthening their catalytic effects. In this paper, a critical literature survey was presented in the following aspects, including the occurrence modes and separation methods of AAEM in coal,and the mechanisms of apparatus corrosion caused by AAEM as well as catalytic mechanism for coal combustion and gasification, in which more attentions were paid on the possibility of transformation of AAEM in different occurrence modes. The results showed that(1) AAEM incoal could be divided into water-soluble,ion-exchangeable,acid-soluble and insoluble by the sequential extraction method,but there were some shortages in the existing methods,which can be improved by screening extraction agent and standardizing operation process to achieve the purpose of accurate separation;(2) the roles of AAEM in coal conversion processes depended on their occurrence modes in coal,however,the relationship between the roles and occurrence modes of AAEM is not clear. A detailed study and further verification will be needed;(3) there were limitations to alleviate or eliminate the harmful effects of AAEM by some technical measures such as washing,acid washing,additives and blending coals;and(4) AAEM in different occurrence modes in coal could be transformed from each other. If the harmful forms of AAEM can be transformed into beneficial forms,it may lay the foundation for the development of an innovative technology for the clean and efficient utilization of high alkali coal.
Alkali/alkaline earth metals(AAEM)in coal can cause slagging and corrosion in a boiler or gasifier, while their catalytic effect has been confirmed for combustion and gasification. Thus, identifying the occurrence modes of AAEM in coal, revealing their roles in coal conversion processes and exploring the probability of transformation among different occurrence modes of AAEM are of great significance in investigation of approaches to alleviating or eliminating the slagging and corrosion of the apparatus and to strengthening their catalytic effects. In this paper, a critical literature survey was presented in the following aspects, including the occurrence modes and separation methods of AAEM in coal,and the mechanisms of apparatus corrosion caused by AAEM as well as catalytic mechanism for coal combustion and gasification, in which more attentions were paid on the possibility of transformation of AAEM in different occurrence modes. The results showed that(1) AAEM incoal could be divided into water-soluble,ion-exchangeable,acid-soluble and insoluble by the sequential extraction method,but there were some shortages in the existing methods,which can be improved by screening extraction agent and standardizing operation process to achieve the purpose of accurate separation;(2) the roles of AAEM in coal conversion processes depended on their occurrence modes in coal,however,the relationship between the roles and occurrence modes of AAEM is not clear. A detailed study and further verification will be needed;(3) there were limitations to alleviate or eliminate the harmful effects of AAEM by some technical measures such as washing,acid washing,additives and blending coals;and(4) AAEM in different occurrence modes in coal could be transformed from each other. If the harmful forms of AAEM can be transformed into beneficial forms,it may lay the foundation for the development of an innovative technology for the clean and efficient utilization of high alkali coal.
引文
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