成型工艺参数对生物质热压成型燃料理化特性的影响研究
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摘要
以棉秆、木屑为研究对象,分别将2种单一生物质原料和二者质量比为1∶1的混合原料进行热压成型,利用热重分析仪考察成型燃料的燃烧性能,并通过差示扫描量热仪、电子万能试验机研究不同成型温度和成型压力条件下成型燃料物理性质的变化规律,以反映草本生物质与木本生物质的成型规律及燃料物性的差异。结果表明:棉秆成型燃料燃烧性能较好,但灰分产率较大、热值较低,将2种生物质原料混合制得的成型燃料综合燃烧性能较好。随着成型温度的升高(室温～105℃),成型燃料的表观密度和抗压强度均呈先增后减的趋势,其中棉秆成型燃料的表观密度增幅较小,而抗压强度增幅较大,且远大于木屑成型燃料,但在木屑中掺混棉秆并未使混合成型燃料的抗压强度得到有效提高。随着成型压力的增大(40～80MPa),成型燃料的表观密度和抗压强度均呈增强的趋势,其中棉秆及混合成型燃料的表观密度和抗压强度增幅均较大,而木屑成型燃料的增幅较小。
Biomass briquette was prepared from sawdust(S),cotton stalk(CS)and their mixed material(S-CS,massratio 1∶1)using hot compression.The combustion characteristicsof the briquette were studied by TG,and the physicalproperties were analyzed by DSC and electron universal testing machine to investigate the different in the formingcharacteristics and briquette quality of the biomass briquettes prepared from the woody and herbaceous biomass withdifferent forming pressure and temperature.The results show that CS briquette is characteristic of better combustioncharacteristics,higher ash yield and lower heating value than sawdust briquette is.S-CS briquette has the bestcomprehensive combustion performance.With the increase in the forming temperature from room temprature to 105 ℃,the bulk density and the compression strength of the briquette increase firstly and then decrease.Compared to thesawdust briquette,CS briquette has the lower increasing degree of the bulk density and the higher one of the compressionstrength.The CS addition gives a little contribution to the increase in the physical properties of S-CS briquette comparedwith the sawdust briquette.With the increasing forming pressure from 40 MPa to 80 MPa,the physical properties of allbriquettes increase and the increasing degree of CS and S-CS briquettes is higher than that of sawdust briquette.
Biomass briquette was prepared from sawdust(S),cotton stalk(CS)and their mixed material(S-CS,massratio 1∶1)using hot compression.The combustion characteristicsof the briquette were studied by TG,and the physicalproperties were analyzed by DSC and electron universal testing machine to investigate the different in the formingcharacteristics and briquette quality of the biomass briquettes prepared from the woody and herbaceous biomass withdifferent forming pressure and temperature.The results show that CS briquette is characteristic of better combustioncharacteristics,higher ash yield and lower heating value than sawdust briquette is.S-CS briquette has the bestcomprehensive combustion performance.With the increase in the forming temperature from room temprature to 105 ℃,the bulk density and the compression strength of the briquette increase firstly and then decrease.Compared to thesawdust briquette,CS briquette has the lower increasing degree of the bulk density and the higher one of the compressionstrength.The CS addition gives a little contribution to the increase in the physical properties of S-CS briquette comparedwith the sawdust briquette.With the increasing forming pressure from 40 MPa to 80 MPa,the physical properties of allbriquettes increase and the increasing degree of CS and S-CS briquettes is higher than that of sawdust briquette.
引文
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[2]张百良,任天宝,徐桂转,等.中国固体生物质成型燃料标准体系[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(2):257-262.[2]Zhang Bailiang,Ren Tianbao,Xu Guizhuan,et al.Solid biofuel standard system in China[J].Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(2):257-262.
[3]张霞,蔡宗寿,陈丽红,等.生物质成型燃料致密成型机理及品质评价指标[J].可再生能源,2014,32(12):1917-1921.[3]Zhang Xia,Cai Zongshou,Chen Lihong,et al.Research on the compressing mechanism and quality evaluation parameters of densified biomass fuel[J].Renewable Energy Resources,2014,32(12):1917-1921.
[4]Razuan R,Finney K N,Chen Q,et al.Pelletised fuel production from palm kernel cake[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2011,92(3):609-615.
[5]徐广印,沈胜强,胡建军,等.秸秆冷态压缩成型微观结构变化的实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2010,31(3):273-278.[5]Xu Guangyin,Shen Shengqiang,Hu Jianjun,et al.Experimental study on the microstructure changes in the process of cold molding with straw[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2010,31(3):273-278.
[6]柴琦,袁兴中,李辉,等.工业油料料饼粕与黧蒴栲木屑协同成型实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(5):1060-1065.[6]Chai Qi,Yuan Xingzhong,Li Hui,et al.Expermental investigation of the pelletization of Castanopsis fissa Rend.et Wils.sawdust mixed with oil cake from industrial oil plant[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(5):1060-1065.
[7]Lou Bo,Wu Sike,Wang Xiaocong,et al.Experimentation and simulation of the combustion of biomass briquettes in Southern China[J].Bioresources,2014,9(4):2831-2844.
[8]王惺,李定凯,倪维斗,等.生物质压缩颗粒的燃烧特性[J].燃烧科学与技术,2007,13(1):86-90.[8]Wang Xing,Li Dingkai,Ni Weidou,et al.Combustion properties of pelletized biomass[J].Journal of Combustion Science and Technology,2007,13(1):86-90.
[9]葛仕福,赵培涛,李扬,等.污泥-秸秆衍生固体燃料燃烧特性[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(17):110-116.[9]Ge Shifu,Zhao Peitao,Li Yang,et al.Combustion characteristics of sewage sludge-straw derived fuel[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(17):110-116.
[10]胡亿明,蒋剑春,孙云娟,等.生物质及生物质组分的慢速热解热效应研究[J].生物质化学工程,2013,47(5):23-29.[10]Hu Yiming,Jiang Jianchun,Sun Yunjuan,et al.Heat effect of biomass and biomass components slow pyrolysis[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2013,47(5):23-29.
[11]Raveendran K,Ganesh A,Khilar K C.Pyrolysis characteristics of biomass and biomass components[J].Fuel,1996,75(8):987-998.
[12]熊绍武,张守玉,吴巧美,等.生物质制备燃料炭实验研究[J].太阳能学报,2015,36(5):1041-1047.[12]Xiong Shaowu,Zhang Shouyu,Wu Qiaomei,et al.Study on biomass carbonization for fuel charcoal preparation[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2015,36(5):1041-1047.
[13]Zhang Shouyu,Hong Ruoyu,Cao Jingpei,et al.Influence of manure types and pyrolysis conditions on the oxidation behavior of manure char[J].Bioresource Technology,2009,100(18):4278-4283.
[14]肖瑞瑞,陈雪莉,王辅臣,等.不同生物质灰的理化特性[J].太阳能学报,2011,32(3):364-369.[14]Xiao Ruirui,Chen Xueli,Wang Fuchen,et al.The physicochemical properties of different biomass ash[J].Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica,2011,32(3):364-369.
[15]Kaliyan N,Morey R V.Factors affecting strength and durability of densified biomass products[J].Biomass&Bioenergy,2009,33(3):337-359.
[16]黄艳,杜鹏东,张明远,等.生物质颗粒燃料成型影响因素研究进展[J].生物质化学工程,2015,49(5):53-58.[16]Huang Yan,Du Pengdong,Zhang Mingyuan,et al.Research progress of factors affecting the formation of biofuel pellets[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2015,49(5):53-58.
[17]Kelley S S,Rials T G,Glasser W G.Relaxation behaviour of the amorphous components of wood[J].Journal of Materials Science,1987,22(2):617-624.
[18]Stelte W,Clemons C,Holm J K,et al.Thermal transitions of the amorphous polymers in wheat straw[J].Industrial Crops&Products,2011,34(1):1053-1056.
[19]Gilbert P,Ryu C,Sharifi V,et al.Effect of process parameters on pelletisation of herbaceous crops[J].Fuel,2009,88(8):1491-1497.
[20]涂德浴,李安心,胡云,等.水稻秸秆冷压成型参数试验研究[J].中国农业气象,2015,36(4):446-453.[20]Tu Deyu,Li Anxin,Hu Yun,et al.Lab-scale experimental study on the compressing molding parameters under cold condition for rice straw pellets[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2015,36(4):446-453.
[21]陈正宇,陆辛,徐德民.生物质压缩成型工艺参数[J].塑性工程学报,2012,19(3):98-104.[21]Chen Zhengyu,Lu Xin,Xu Demin.Technology parameters study of biomass compression molding[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2012,19(3):98-104.