渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷及其邻区海底沉积物酸解烃地球化学异常特征及其成因类型
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摘要
为查明渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷及其邻区海底沉积物酸解烃地球化学异常特征及成因类型,并探讨异常区与深部油气的关系以及构造对异常区分布的影响,对研究区100个站位进行了地球化学柱状样取样,获得100组酸解烃和52组酸解烃碳同位素数据。结果表明,各站位酸解烃含量均具有甲烷(AC_1)>乙烷(AC_2)>丙烷(AC_3)>丁烷(AC_4)>戊烷(AC_5)的特点,饱和烃指标之间决定系数达0.7以上,表明这些组分可能具有相同的来源。对数据的分析表明,研究区烃类气体的成因类型总体上属于热成因,微生物对饱和烃的贡献有限。根据计算得出的异常下限圈定了4个AC_1和4个AC_2异常区。C_1/(C_2+C_3)-C_2/(C_3+C_4)图解表明,研究区深部油气属性应该为凝析气或油。从异常区与构造的吻合度来看,异常区的分布与断裂的展布关系密切,下一步应加强对AⅠ和AⅣ区域的研究。
This study aims to find out the geochemical anomaly and genetic type of acidolysis hydrocarbon in seabed sediments in Qikou sag and its adjacent regions in Bohai Bay Basin, and to investigate the relationship between the geochemical-abnormal area and oil/gas in the deep and the influence of tectonic distribution on geochemical-anomaly distribution. Geochemical columnar core sampling was conducted at 100 stations in the study area and 100 groups of acidolysis hydrocarbon and 52 groups of carbon isotope data were acquired. The acidolysis hydrocarbon content at each sampling station shows the trend of variation in the order of methane > ethane > propane > butane > pentane, and the saturated hydrocarbon indices show obvious correlation among them(with determination coefficients being above 0.7), indicating that the components may originate from the same source. Analysis of the data shows that the hydrocarbon gas genetic types in the study area are generally thermogenic, indicating that contribution from microorganisms to saturated hydrocarbon is limited. In total 4 hydrocarbon acidolysis methane anomaly zones(AC_1) and 4 hydrocarbon acidolysis ethane anomaly zones(AC_2) were defined in the study area according to anomaly threshold by calculation, and the crossplot for C_1/(C_2+C_3)-C_2/(C_3+C_4) for hydrocarbon indicates that the oil and gas in the abnormal areas in the deep structure is of the condensate type. The distribution of the geochemical abnormal areas was found to be closely related to extension of the tectonics, therefore, more research needs to be focused on AⅠand AⅣ areas.
This study aims to find out the geochemical anomaly and genetic type of acidolysis hydrocarbon in seabed sediments in Qikou sag and its adjacent regions in Bohai Bay Basin, and to investigate the relationship between the geochemical-abnormal area and oil/gas in the deep and the influence of tectonic distribution on geochemical-anomaly distribution. Geochemical columnar core sampling was conducted at 100 stations in the study area and 100 groups of acidolysis hydrocarbon and 52 groups of carbon isotope data were acquired. The acidolysis hydrocarbon content at each sampling station shows the trend of variation in the order of methane > ethane > propane > butane > pentane, and the saturated hydrocarbon indices show obvious correlation among them(with determination coefficients being above 0.7), indicating that the components may originate from the same source. Analysis of the data shows that the hydrocarbon gas genetic types in the study area are generally thermogenic, indicating that contribution from microorganisms to saturated hydrocarbon is limited. In total 4 hydrocarbon acidolysis methane anomaly zones(AC_1) and 4 hydrocarbon acidolysis ethane anomaly zones(AC_2) were defined in the study area according to anomaly threshold by calculation, and the crossplot for C_1/(C_2+C_3)-C_2/(C_3+C_4) for hydrocarbon indicates that the oil and gas in the abnormal areas in the deep structure is of the condensate type. The distribution of the geochemical abnormal areas was found to be closely related to extension of the tectonics, therefore, more research needs to be focused on AⅠand AⅣ areas.
引文
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[5]牛树银,王金忠,孙爱群,马宝军,陈超,王宝德,张建珍,胡华斌.鲁西隆起与歧口凹陷耦合机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2012,36(1):1–7.Niu Shu-yin,Wang Jin-zhong,Sun Ai-qun,Ma Bao-jun,Chen Chao,Wang Bao-de,Zhang Jian-zhen,Hu Hua-bin.The Tectonic coupling between the Luxi uplift and the Qikou depression[J].Geotecton Metallogen,2012,36(1):1–7(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]程同锦,王者顺,吴学明,姚俊梅,吴传芝,赵克斌.烃类运移的近地表显示与地球化学勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:56–57.Cheng Tong-jin,Wang Zhe-shun,Wu Xue-ming,Yao Jun-mei,Wu Chuan-zhi,Zhao Ke-bin.The Near Surface Display of Hydrocarbon Migration and Geochemical Exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999:56–57(in Chinese).
[7]Stadnitskaia A,Ivanov M K,Blinova V,Kreulen R,van Weering T C E.Molecular and carbon isotopic variability of hydrocarbon gases from mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cadiz,NE Atlantic[J].Mar Pet Geol,2006,23(3):281–296.
[8]Bernard B B.Light hydrocarbons in marine sediments thesis[D].College Station:Texas A&M University,1978.
[9]Faber E,Stahl W.Geochemical surface exploration on hydrocarbons in the north sea[J].AAPG Bull,1984,6(18):363–384.
[10]王伟伟,付元宾,李树同,李培英.渤海中部表层沉积物分布特征与粒度分区[J].沉积学报,2013,31(3):478–485.Wang Wei-wei,Fu Yuan-bin,Li Shu-tong,Li Pei-ying.Distribution on surface sediment and sedimentary divisions in the middle part of Bohai Sea[J].Acta Sedimentol Sinica,2013,31(3):478–485(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]李双林,何拥军,肖菲,邹建军.南黄海北部盆地表层沉积物烃类地球化学探测[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(4):39–44.Li Shuang-lin,He Yong-jun,Xiao Fei,Zou Jian-jun.Geochemical exploration for hydrocarbon in the northern south Yellow Sea[J].Mar Geol Quatern Geol,2003,23(4):39–44(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]李双林,冉涛,董贺平,王建强,赵青芳.南黄海盆地北部坳陷海底沉积物酸解烃气体地球化学异常与深部油气属性[J].海洋地质前沿,2014,30(7):34–40.Li Shuang-lin,Ran Tao,Dong He-ping,Wang Jian-qiang,Zhao Qing-fang.Geochemical anomalies and oil and gas attribution of acid hydrocarbon gases from seabed sediments in the northern depression,South Yellow Sea Basin[J].Mar Geol Front,2014,30(7):34–40(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]付少英.海底沉积物中不同形式烃类气体的地球化学意义[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):253–257.Fu Shao-ying.Characteristics of the different hydrocarbon gases in marine sediments and their geochemical significances[J].Earth Sci Front,2005,12(3):253–257(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]田立柱,耿岩,裴艳东,商志文,王福,范昌福,王宏.渤海湾西部表层沉积物粒度特征与沉积混合[J].地质通报,2010,29(5):668–674.Tian Li-zhu,Geng Yan,Pei Yan-dong,Shang Zhi-wen,Wang Fu,Fan Chang-fu,Wang Hong.The grain-size characteristics and sediment mixing pattern of surface sediment from the western Bohai Bay,China[J].Geol Bull China,2010,29(5):668–674(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]赵青芳,李双林,董贺平.海底沉积物烃类气体地球化学异常识别与成因解释[J].海洋地质动态,2007,23(11):28–34.Zhao Qing-fang,Li Shuang-lin,Dong He-ping.Geochemical anomaly recognition and causes interpretation of the hydrocarbon gas in the seabed sediment[J].Mar Geol Lett,2007,23(11):28–34(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]李双林,董贺平,赵青芳,肖菲.北黄海盆地烃类地球化学场与综合异常分区[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(5):91–98.Li Shuang-lin,Dong He-ping,Zhao Qing-fang,Xiao Fei.Hydrocarbon geochemical fields and anomaliesregions in the north Yellow Sea Basin[J].Mar Geol Quatern Geol,2010,30(5):91–98(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]缪九军,荣发准,李广之,张彦霞.酸解烃技术在油气勘探中的应用[J].物探与化探,2005,29(3):209–216.Miao Jiu-jun,Rong Fa-zhun,Li Guang-zhi,Zhang Yan-xia.The application of hydrocarbon acidolysis technique to oil and gas exploration[J].Geophys Geochem Explor,2005,29(3):209–216(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]李双林.海洋油气地球化学探测的理论基础——海底烃类渗漏[J].海洋地质动态,2007,23(11):1–7.Li Shuang-lin.The basic theory of geochemical exploration of the marine oil and gas—The leakage of hydrocarbon gas in the bottom of the sea[J].Mar Geol Lett,2007,23(11):1–7(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]戴金星.天然气碳同位素特征和各类天然气鉴别[J].天然气地球科学,1993,2(3):1–40.Dai Jin-xing.Natural gas carbon isotope characteristics and all kinds of natural gas identification[J].Nat Gas Geosci,1993,2(3):1–40(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]Whiticar M J.Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane[J].Chem Geol,1999,161(1–3):291–314.
[21]Jones V T,Drond R J.Predications of oil or gas potential by near surface geochemistry[J].AAPG Bull,1983,67(6):932–952.
[22]王新海,苏峻青,曹延,付立新,王莉,肖枚,郭金凤.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷滨海Ⅰ号构造原油的油源研究及意义[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(5):499–507.Wang Xin-hai,Su Jun-qing,Cao Yan,Fu Li-xin,Wang Li,Xiao Mei,Guo Jin-feng.The oil source and its significance for petroleum exploration in Structural BeltⅠin the Huanghua Depression,the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Pet Geol Exp,2008,30(5):499–507(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]Zhang C L,Lanoil B.Geomicrobiology and biogeochemistry of gas hydrates and cold seeps[J].Chem Geol,2004,20(5):187–194.
[24]Ronald W K.Soil Gas and Related Methods for Natural Resource Exploration[M].Chichester:John Wiley&Sons Ltd,1993:3–4.
[25]Whiticar M J.Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane[J].Chem Geol,1991,161:291–314.
[2]李双林,董贺平,赵青芳.我国海洋油气地球化学探测形势与展望[J].海洋地质动态,2007,23(11):42–48.Li Shuang-lin,Dong He-ping,Zhao Qing-fang.The situation and prospect of oil and gas geochemical exploration in our country[J].Mar Geol Lett,2007,23(11):42–48(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]李德生.渤海湾含油气盆地的地质和构造特征[J].石油学报,1980,1(1):6–20.Li De-sheng.Geological and structural characteristics of oil and gas basin in Bohai gulf basins[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1980,1(1):6–20(in Chinese with English abstract).
[4]周立宏,卢异,肖敦清,张志攀,陈宪宝,王辉,顾世英.渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷盆地结构构造及演化[J].天然气地球科学,2011,22(3):373–382.Zhou Li-hong,Lu Yi,Xiao Dun-qing,Zhang Zhi-pan,Chen Xian-bao,Wang Hui,Gu Shi-ying.Basinal texture structure of Qikou Sag in Bohai Bay Basin and its evolution[J].Nat Gas Geosci,2011,22(3):373–382(in Chinese with English abstract).
[5]牛树银,王金忠,孙爱群,马宝军,陈超,王宝德,张建珍,胡华斌.鲁西隆起与歧口凹陷耦合机制[J].大地构造与成矿学,2012,36(1):1–7.Niu Shu-yin,Wang Jin-zhong,Sun Ai-qun,Ma Bao-jun,Chen Chao,Wang Bao-de,Zhang Jian-zhen,Hu Hua-bin.The Tectonic coupling between the Luxi uplift and the Qikou depression[J].Geotecton Metallogen,2012,36(1):1–7(in Chinese with English abstract).
[6]程同锦,王者顺,吴学明,姚俊梅,吴传芝,赵克斌.烃类运移的近地表显示与地球化学勘探[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1999:56–57.Cheng Tong-jin,Wang Zhe-shun,Wu Xue-ming,Yao Jun-mei,Wu Chuan-zhi,Zhao Ke-bin.The Near Surface Display of Hydrocarbon Migration and Geochemical Exploration[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1999:56–57(in Chinese).
[7]Stadnitskaia A,Ivanov M K,Blinova V,Kreulen R,van Weering T C E.Molecular and carbon isotopic variability of hydrocarbon gases from mud volcanoes in the Gulf of Cadiz,NE Atlantic[J].Mar Pet Geol,2006,23(3):281–296.
[8]Bernard B B.Light hydrocarbons in marine sediments thesis[D].College Station:Texas A&M University,1978.
[9]Faber E,Stahl W.Geochemical surface exploration on hydrocarbons in the north sea[J].AAPG Bull,1984,6(18):363–384.
[10]王伟伟,付元宾,李树同,李培英.渤海中部表层沉积物分布特征与粒度分区[J].沉积学报,2013,31(3):478–485.Wang Wei-wei,Fu Yuan-bin,Li Shu-tong,Li Pei-ying.Distribution on surface sediment and sedimentary divisions in the middle part of Bohai Sea[J].Acta Sedimentol Sinica,2013,31(3):478–485(in Chinese with English abstract).
[11]李双林,何拥军,肖菲,邹建军.南黄海北部盆地表层沉积物烃类地球化学探测[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2003,23(4):39–44.Li Shuang-lin,He Yong-jun,Xiao Fei,Zou Jian-jun.Geochemical exploration for hydrocarbon in the northern south Yellow Sea[J].Mar Geol Quatern Geol,2003,23(4):39–44(in Chinese with English abstract).
[12]李双林,冉涛,董贺平,王建强,赵青芳.南黄海盆地北部坳陷海底沉积物酸解烃气体地球化学异常与深部油气属性[J].海洋地质前沿,2014,30(7):34–40.Li Shuang-lin,Ran Tao,Dong He-ping,Wang Jian-qiang,Zhao Qing-fang.Geochemical anomalies and oil and gas attribution of acid hydrocarbon gases from seabed sediments in the northern depression,South Yellow Sea Basin[J].Mar Geol Front,2014,30(7):34–40(in Chinese with English abstract).
[13]付少英.海底沉积物中不同形式烃类气体的地球化学意义[J].地学前缘,2005,12(3):253–257.Fu Shao-ying.Characteristics of the different hydrocarbon gases in marine sediments and their geochemical significances[J].Earth Sci Front,2005,12(3):253–257(in Chinese with English abstract).
[14]田立柱,耿岩,裴艳东,商志文,王福,范昌福,王宏.渤海湾西部表层沉积物粒度特征与沉积混合[J].地质通报,2010,29(5):668–674.Tian Li-zhu,Geng Yan,Pei Yan-dong,Shang Zhi-wen,Wang Fu,Fan Chang-fu,Wang Hong.The grain-size characteristics and sediment mixing pattern of surface sediment from the western Bohai Bay,China[J].Geol Bull China,2010,29(5):668–674(in Chinese with English abstract).
[15]赵青芳,李双林,董贺平.海底沉积物烃类气体地球化学异常识别与成因解释[J].海洋地质动态,2007,23(11):28–34.Zhao Qing-fang,Li Shuang-lin,Dong He-ping.Geochemical anomaly recognition and causes interpretation of the hydrocarbon gas in the seabed sediment[J].Mar Geol Lett,2007,23(11):28–34(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]李双林,董贺平,赵青芳,肖菲.北黄海盆地烃类地球化学场与综合异常分区[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2010,30(5):91–98.Li Shuang-lin,Dong He-ping,Zhao Qing-fang,Xiao Fei.Hydrocarbon geochemical fields and anomaliesregions in the north Yellow Sea Basin[J].Mar Geol Quatern Geol,2010,30(5):91–98(in Chinese with English abstract).
[17]缪九军,荣发准,李广之,张彦霞.酸解烃技术在油气勘探中的应用[J].物探与化探,2005,29(3):209–216.Miao Jiu-jun,Rong Fa-zhun,Li Guang-zhi,Zhang Yan-xia.The application of hydrocarbon acidolysis technique to oil and gas exploration[J].Geophys Geochem Explor,2005,29(3):209–216(in Chinese with English abstract).
[18]李双林.海洋油气地球化学探测的理论基础——海底烃类渗漏[J].海洋地质动态,2007,23(11):1–7.Li Shuang-lin.The basic theory of geochemical exploration of the marine oil and gas—The leakage of hydrocarbon gas in the bottom of the sea[J].Mar Geol Lett,2007,23(11):1–7(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]戴金星.天然气碳同位素特征和各类天然气鉴别[J].天然气地球科学,1993,2(3):1–40.Dai Jin-xing.Natural gas carbon isotope characteristics and all kinds of natural gas identification[J].Nat Gas Geosci,1993,2(3):1–40(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]Whiticar M J.Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane[J].Chem Geol,1999,161(1–3):291–314.
[21]Jones V T,Drond R J.Predications of oil or gas potential by near surface geochemistry[J].AAPG Bull,1983,67(6):932–952.
[22]王新海,苏峻青,曹延,付立新,王莉,肖枚,郭金凤.渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷滨海Ⅰ号构造原油的油源研究及意义[J].石油实验地质,2008,30(5):499–507.Wang Xin-hai,Su Jun-qing,Cao Yan,Fu Li-xin,Wang Li,Xiao Mei,Guo Jin-feng.The oil source and its significance for petroleum exploration in Structural BeltⅠin the Huanghua Depression,the Bohai Bay Basin[J].Pet Geol Exp,2008,30(5):499–507(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]Zhang C L,Lanoil B.Geomicrobiology and biogeochemistry of gas hydrates and cold seeps[J].Chem Geol,2004,20(5):187–194.
[24]Ronald W K.Soil Gas and Related Methods for Natural Resource Exploration[M].Chichester:John Wiley&Sons Ltd,1993:3–4.
[25]Whiticar M J.Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of methane[J].Chem Geol,1991,161:291–314.