活性酵母添加对饲喂不同精粗比日粮肉牛血浆代谢组的影响
|
摘要
本试验旨在研究添加酵母菌对饲喂不同精粗比日粮肉牛血浆代谢组的影响,选取10头(450±50)kg装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔×本地牛阉牛,随机分为对照组和酵母添加组,两组饲喂相同基础日粮,酵母添加组每天晨饲前通过瘘管投喂活性酵母菌,投喂量为0.8g/d;采用交叉试验设计,试验共分为2期,每期包含4个阶段,从第1阶段到第4阶段日粮精粗比为30∶70、50∶50、70∶30和90∶10,每个阶段持续17d,即16d预饲期,第17天晨饲前采集颈静脉血,采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆飞行时间质谱联用仪(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)对血浆样品代谢组分进行测定,应用主成分分析(PCA)、偏最小方差判别分析(PLS-DA)、正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)模型对不同精粗比日粮的生物标志物和酵母添加组的生物标志物进行筛选。试验显示,不同日粮精粗比组的生物标志物为胞嘧啶、二氢胸腺嘧啶、软脂酰胺、硬脂酰胺、油脂酰胺和磷酸泛酸;精粗比为30∶70时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有鞘氨醇、神经鞘氨醇和卵磷脂(18∶0);日粮精粗比为50∶50时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有芥酰胺、甘油一酯和卵磷脂(16∶0);日粮精粗比为70∶30时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有甘油一酯、甘油二酯、甘油三酯、卵磷脂(17∶0、18∶0);日粮精粗比为90∶10时,酵母添加组的生物标志物有芥酰胺、胆酸、卵磷脂(18∶2、20∶2)。随日粮精粗比提高,机体的脂肪代谢途径得到改善;但是动物瘤胃壁和肠道内壁的完整性遭到破坏;添加酵母改善了动物脂肪和磷脂代谢的同时可维护消化道内壁细胞的完整性。
The objective was to assess the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(SC)supplementation on plasma metabolomics of steers fed diets with different concentrate to forage ratios(CTFR).10Simental×Local breed steers(450kg±50kg)fitted with rumen fistulas were assigned to control and treatment groups.Steers in the two groups were fed the same basal diets but steers in treatment group received supplementation with SC(8×109 CFU/h per day through the ruminal fistula)following a 2-period crossover design.Each period consisted of four phases,each of which lasted for 17 d,16dfor dietary adaptation,and 1dfor rumen sample collection.From the 1st tothe 4th phase,steers were fed in a stepwise fashion with increasing CTFRs(30∶70,50∶50,70∶30,90∶10).UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to detected plasma metabolomics.PCA,PLS-DA and OPLS-DA were used to filtrate biomarkers.The results showed that biomarkers among different dietary CTFR groups were cytosine,dihydrothymine,palmitic amide,stearamide,oleamide and D-4-phosphopantothenate.When dietary CTFR was 30∶70,biomarkers between SC supplementation and control groups were sphinganine,phytosphingosine and PC(18∶0);When CTFR was50∶50,biomarkers between the two groups were 13E-docosenamide,1-monoacylglycerol and PC(16∶0).When dietary CTFR was 70∶30,biomarkers were 1-monoacylglycerol,diacylglycerol,triacylglycerol and PC(18∶0,17∶0),while the biomarkers were 13E-docosenamide,glycocholic acid and PC(18∶2,20∶2)when CTFR was 90∶10.The results showed that with concentrate level increasing,fat metabolism was improved,but rumen wall was damaged;SC supplementation could improve phospholipid and fat metabolism,which was beneficial to maintain animal health status and improve production performance.
The objective was to assess the effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(SC)supplementation on plasma metabolomics of steers fed diets with different concentrate to forage ratios(CTFR).10Simental×Local breed steers(450kg±50kg)fitted with rumen fistulas were assigned to control and treatment groups.Steers in the two groups were fed the same basal diets but steers in treatment group received supplementation with SC(8×109 CFU/h per day through the ruminal fistula)following a 2-period crossover design.Each period consisted of four phases,each of which lasted for 17 d,16dfor dietary adaptation,and 1dfor rumen sample collection.From the 1st tothe 4th phase,steers were fed in a stepwise fashion with increasing CTFRs(30∶70,50∶50,70∶30,90∶10).UPLC-QTOF-MS was used to detected plasma metabolomics.PCA,PLS-DA and OPLS-DA were used to filtrate biomarkers.The results showed that biomarkers among different dietary CTFR groups were cytosine,dihydrothymine,palmitic amide,stearamide,oleamide and D-4-phosphopantothenate.When dietary CTFR was 30∶70,biomarkers between SC supplementation and control groups were sphinganine,phytosphingosine and PC(18∶0);When CTFR was50∶50,biomarkers between the two groups were 13E-docosenamide,1-monoacylglycerol and PC(16∶0).When dietary CTFR was 70∶30,biomarkers were 1-monoacylglycerol,diacylglycerol,triacylglycerol and PC(18∶0,17∶0),while the biomarkers were 13E-docosenamide,glycocholic acid and PC(18∶2,20∶2)when CTFR was 90∶10.The results showed that with concentrate level increasing,fat metabolism was improved,but rumen wall was damaged;SC supplementation could improve phospholipid and fat metabolism,which was beneficial to maintain animal health status and improve production performance.
引文
[1]邓露芳,王加启,卜登攀,等.2007~2008年国际反刍动物营养研究进展Ⅱ.瘤胃发酵调控[J].中国畜牧兽医,2009,36(1):12-18.DENG L F,WANG J Q,BU D P,et al.Annual review of ruminant nutrition in 2007-2008Ⅱ.Rumen fermentation regulation[J].China Animal Husbandry&Veterinary Medicine,2009,36(1):12-18.(in Chinese)
[2]林云.饲料抗生素的应用及面临的问题[J].饲料研究,2001,4:25-26.LIN Y.Application and problems of feed antibiotics[J].Feed Research,2001,4:25-26.(in Chinese)
[3]ANADN A.WS14the EU ban of antibiotics as feed additives(2006):Alternatives and consumer safety[J].Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology&Therapeutics,2006,29(s1):41-44.
[4]CHAUCHEYRAS F,FONTY G,BERTIN G,et al.Effects of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Levucell SC1),a microbial additive for ruminants,on lactate metabolismin vitro[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,1996,42(9):927-933.
[5]KUMAR D S,PRASAD J R,RAO E R,et al.Rumen fermentation pattern in graded Murrah buffalo bulls fed on Levucell SC 20yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077)culture[J].Animal Science Reporter,2011,2:43-49.
[6]班志彬.纤维素酶与活性干酵母对草原红牛消化代谢、能量代谢及甲烷排放影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2013.BAN Z B.Effects of cellulose and active dry yeast on digestive metabolism,energy metabolism and methane emission of grassland red cattle[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[7]CHAUCHEYRASDURAND F,FONTY G.Influence of a probiotic yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCMI-1077)on microbial colonization and fermentations in the rumen of newborn lambs[J].Microbial Ecology in Health&Disease,2002,69(14):30-36.
[8]和红兵,石先哲,陈静,等.气相色谱-质谱和液相色谱-质谱联用方法用于口腔癌代谢组学分析[J].色谱,2012,30(3):245-251.HE H B,SHI X Z,CHEN J,et al.Metabonomics study of oral cancer using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Chromatography,2012,30(3):245-251.(in Chinese)
[9]AMETAJ B N,ZEBELI Q,SALEEM F,et al.Metabolomics reveals unhealthy alterations in rumen metabolism with increased proportion of cereal grain in the diet of dairy cows[J].Metabolomics,2010,6(4):583-594.
[10]肖英平.早期断奶仔猪血清代谢组学研究及谷氨酰胺对日粮消化吸收和代谢的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.XIAO Y P.Metabolomics study of serum in early weaned piglets and effects of L-glutamine on nutrient digestibility and metabolism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.(in Chinese)
[11]王小艳.中国荷斯坦奶牛泌乳相关营养代谢组学研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.WANG X Y.Study on the nutritional metabonomics related to the lactation in dairy cows[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[12]阿基业.代谢组学数据处理方法---主成分分析[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2010,15(5):481-489.A J Y.Analysis of metabolomic data:Principal component analysis[J].Chinese Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics,2010,15(5):481-489.(in Chinese)
[13]JR L W,KARBAN J.Genetics,genomics and metabolomics:New insights into maternal metabolism during pregnancy[J].Diabetic Medicine,2014,31(3):254-262.
[14]SCALBERT A,BRENNAN L,MANACH C,et al.The food metabolome:A window over dietary exposure[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2014,99(6):1286-1308.
[15]SUN H,WANG D,WANG B,et al.Metabolomics of four biofluids from dairy cows potential biomarkers for milk production and quality[J].Journal of Proteome Research,2015,4(2):1287-1298.
[16]仲伟光,祁宏伟,闫晓刚,等.酵母菌制剂在调控犊牛瘤胃发育及免疫功能方面的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(6):2085-2089.ZHONG W G,QI H W,YAN X G,et al.Yeast preparation:Application in regulating development of rumen and immunity of calves[J].Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(6):2085-2089.(in Chinese)
[17]耿春银.活性酵母与酵母培养物饲喂育肥牛生长性能、胴体指标和牛肉品质的比较[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.GENG C Y.Comparision of live yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)and yeast culture for growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality in finishing cattle[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[18]XIAO J X,ALUGONGO G M,CHUNG R,et al.Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on dairy calves:Ruminal fermentation,gastrointestinal morphology,and microbial community[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(7):5401-5412.
[19]JENSEN G S,PATTERSON K M,YOON I.Nutritional yeast culture has specific antimicrobial properties without affecting healthy flora.Preliminary results[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences,2008,17(2):247-252.
[20]王炳.饲喂秸秆日粮奶牛泌乳性能低下的消化吸收与代谢机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.WANG B.Internal molecular mechanism in digestive absorption and metabolic pathway associated with lower milk performance in dairy cows fed cereal straw as forage source[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016.(in Chinese)
[21]贾玉东.日粮精粗比对奶牛瘤胃厌氧细菌和挥发性脂肪酸及血液指标的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.JIA Y D.Effects of forage to concentrate ration on rumen anaerobic bacterial,volatile fatty acids and blood indexes in dairy cows[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese)
[22]孙亚波,边革,刘庆权,等.日粮不同精粗比例对中产奶牛血清生化指标的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2010,9:60-64.SUN Y B,BIAN G,LIU Q Q,et al.Effects of different fine and crude fodder ratio in diet on serum biochemical parameters of mid-yielding dairy cattle[J].Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2010,9:60-64.(in Chinese)
[23]张磊鑫,曾兵,袁扬,等.复方卵磷脂蜂花粉在牛日粮中的应用与展望[J].草业与畜牧,2015,3:9-13.ZHANG L X,ZENG B,YUAN Y,et al.Application of compound lecithin bee pollen and prospected in cattle diets[J].Grass Industry and Animal Husbandry,2015,3:9-13.(in Chinese)
[24]YE G,ZHU Y,LIU J,et al.Preparation of glycerolenriched yeast culture and its effect on blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation in goats[J].PLoSOne,2014,9(4):e94410.
[2]林云.饲料抗生素的应用及面临的问题[J].饲料研究,2001,4:25-26.LIN Y.Application and problems of feed antibiotics[J].Feed Research,2001,4:25-26.(in Chinese)
[3]ANADN A.WS14the EU ban of antibiotics as feed additives(2006):Alternatives and consumer safety[J].Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology&Therapeutics,2006,29(s1):41-44.
[4]CHAUCHEYRAS F,FONTY G,BERTIN G,et al.Effects of a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(Levucell SC1),a microbial additive for ruminants,on lactate metabolismin vitro[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,1996,42(9):927-933.
[5]KUMAR D S,PRASAD J R,RAO E R,et al.Rumen fermentation pattern in graded Murrah buffalo bulls fed on Levucell SC 20yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077)culture[J].Animal Science Reporter,2011,2:43-49.
[6]班志彬.纤维素酶与活性干酵母对草原红牛消化代谢、能量代谢及甲烷排放影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2013.BAN Z B.Effects of cellulose and active dry yeast on digestive metabolism,energy metabolism and methane emission of grassland red cattle[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[7]CHAUCHEYRASDURAND F,FONTY G.Influence of a probiotic yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCMI-1077)on microbial colonization and fermentations in the rumen of newborn lambs[J].Microbial Ecology in Health&Disease,2002,69(14):30-36.
[8]和红兵,石先哲,陈静,等.气相色谱-质谱和液相色谱-质谱联用方法用于口腔癌代谢组学分析[J].色谱,2012,30(3):245-251.HE H B,SHI X Z,CHEN J,et al.Metabonomics study of oral cancer using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Chromatography,2012,30(3):245-251.(in Chinese)
[9]AMETAJ B N,ZEBELI Q,SALEEM F,et al.Metabolomics reveals unhealthy alterations in rumen metabolism with increased proportion of cereal grain in the diet of dairy cows[J].Metabolomics,2010,6(4):583-594.
[10]肖英平.早期断奶仔猪血清代谢组学研究及谷氨酰胺对日粮消化吸收和代谢的影响[D].杭州:浙江大学,2012.XIAO Y P.Metabolomics study of serum in early weaned piglets and effects of L-glutamine on nutrient digestibility and metabolism[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2012.(in Chinese)
[11]王小艳.中国荷斯坦奶牛泌乳相关营养代谢组学研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2013.WANG X Y.Study on the nutritional metabonomics related to the lactation in dairy cows[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese)
[12]阿基业.代谢组学数据处理方法---主成分分析[J].中国临床药理学与治疗学,2010,15(5):481-489.A J Y.Analysis of metabolomic data:Principal component analysis[J].Chinese Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics,2010,15(5):481-489.(in Chinese)
[13]JR L W,KARBAN J.Genetics,genomics and metabolomics:New insights into maternal metabolism during pregnancy[J].Diabetic Medicine,2014,31(3):254-262.
[14]SCALBERT A,BRENNAN L,MANACH C,et al.The food metabolome:A window over dietary exposure[J].American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,2014,99(6):1286-1308.
[15]SUN H,WANG D,WANG B,et al.Metabolomics of four biofluids from dairy cows potential biomarkers for milk production and quality[J].Journal of Proteome Research,2015,4(2):1287-1298.
[16]仲伟光,祁宏伟,闫晓刚,等.酵母菌制剂在调控犊牛瘤胃发育及免疫功能方面的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(6):2085-2089.ZHONG W G,QI H W,YAN X G,et al.Yeast preparation:Application in regulating development of rumen and immunity of calves[J].Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(6):2085-2089.(in Chinese)
[17]耿春银.活性酵母与酵母培养物饲喂育肥牛生长性能、胴体指标和牛肉品质的比较[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.GENG C Y.Comparision of live yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)and yeast culture for growth performance,carcass traits and meat quality in finishing cattle[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[18]XIAO J X,ALUGONGO G M,CHUNG R,et al.Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on dairy calves:Ruminal fermentation,gastrointestinal morphology,and microbial community[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(7):5401-5412.
[19]JENSEN G S,PATTERSON K M,YOON I.Nutritional yeast culture has specific antimicrobial properties without affecting healthy flora.Preliminary results[J].Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences,2008,17(2):247-252.
[20]王炳.饲喂秸秆日粮奶牛泌乳性能低下的消化吸收与代谢机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.WANG B.Internal molecular mechanism in digestive absorption and metabolic pathway associated with lower milk performance in dairy cows fed cereal straw as forage source[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016.(in Chinese)
[21]贾玉东.日粮精粗比对奶牛瘤胃厌氧细菌和挥发性脂肪酸及血液指标的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2008.JIA Y D.Effects of forage to concentrate ration on rumen anaerobic bacterial,volatile fatty acids and blood indexes in dairy cows[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese)
[22]孙亚波,边革,刘庆权,等.日粮不同精粗比例对中产奶牛血清生化指标的影响[J].现代畜牧兽医,2010,9:60-64.SUN Y B,BIAN G,LIU Q Q,et al.Effects of different fine and crude fodder ratio in diet on serum biochemical parameters of mid-yielding dairy cattle[J].Modern Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2010,9:60-64.(in Chinese)
[23]张磊鑫,曾兵,袁扬,等.复方卵磷脂蜂花粉在牛日粮中的应用与展望[J].草业与畜牧,2015,3:9-13.ZHANG L X,ZENG B,YUAN Y,et al.Application of compound lecithin bee pollen and prospected in cattle diets[J].Grass Industry and Animal Husbandry,2015,3:9-13.(in Chinese)
[24]YE G,ZHU Y,LIU J,et al.Preparation of glycerolenriched yeast culture and its effect on blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation in goats[J].PLoSOne,2014,9(4):e94410.