多因素耦合的多层结构传热模型及车舱内动态传热特性
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摘要
针对目前单层结构传热研究中难以准确反映汽车结构内外层复杂的非均匀动态传热问题,在汽车全天候动态温度特性试验的基础上,提出一种与自然环境多因素相耦合的多层结构动态传热模型分析方法。与单层模型相比,多层模型动态温度误差均在10%以内,具有更高的准确性。仿真得到乘坐区非均匀温度分布和动态传热特性规律,定量对比和分析辐射、对流和传导三种传热方式对乘坐区吸热和散热的影响,分析结果表明,太阳辐射不均衡分布是自然暴露试验中乘坐空间出现多个局部高温区的主要原因。重点研究和预测不同车窗、车身和座椅属性组合下乘坐区动态传热特性变化规律,该传热模型和研究方法可用于评估乘坐空间动态传热特性,可为汽车设计制造提供一种研究乘坐空间动态热负荷和热舒适性的方法。
To solve the problem of complex non-uniform dynamic heat transfer between the inner and outer layers of automotive structures, which is difficult to calculate accurately in the current researches of single-layer structure, an analysis method of multi-layer dynamic heat transfer model coupled with multi-factor in the natural environment is proposed on the basis of all-weather dynamic temperature characteristic test of automobile. Compared with the single-layer structure model, the dynamic temperature error of the multi-layer structure model is less than 10%, which has higher accuracy. The non-uniform temperature distribution and dynamic heat transfer characteristics in occupant zone are obtained in the simulation analysis, and the influences of radiation,convection and conduction on the heat absorption and heat dissipation of seats are quantitatively compared and analyzed, the analysis results show that the imbalance distribution of solar radiation is the main reason for the multiple local high temperature zones in cabin during natural exposure test. Variation regulation on dynamic heat transfer characteristics under different attributes of windows, body and seats are emphatically studied and predicted, the multi-layer heat transfer model and the research method can be used to evaluate the dynamic heat transfer characteristics in cabin, and provide a method to study the dynamic thermal load and thermal comfort of cabin for automobile design and manufacture.
To solve the problem of complex non-uniform dynamic heat transfer between the inner and outer layers of automotive structures, which is difficult to calculate accurately in the current researches of single-layer structure, an analysis method of multi-layer dynamic heat transfer model coupled with multi-factor in the natural environment is proposed on the basis of all-weather dynamic temperature characteristic test of automobile. Compared with the single-layer structure model, the dynamic temperature error of the multi-layer structure model is less than 10%, which has higher accuracy. The non-uniform temperature distribution and dynamic heat transfer characteristics in occupant zone are obtained in the simulation analysis, and the influences of radiation,convection and conduction on the heat absorption and heat dissipation of seats are quantitatively compared and analyzed, the analysis results show that the imbalance distribution of solar radiation is the main reason for the multiple local high temperature zones in cabin during natural exposure test. Variation regulation on dynamic heat transfer characteristics under different attributes of windows, body and seats are emphatically studied and predicted, the multi-layer heat transfer model and the research method can be used to evaluate the dynamic heat transfer characteristics in cabin, and provide a method to study the dynamic thermal load and thermal comfort of cabin for automobile design and manufacture.
引文
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[2]LI Wenhua,SUN Jian.Numerical simulation and analysis of transport air conditioning system integrated with passenger compartment[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2013,50(1):37-45.
[3]SANAYE S,DEHGHANDOKHT M,FARTAJ A.RETRACTED:Temperature control of a cabin in an automobile using thermal modeling and fuzzy controller[J].Applied Energy,2012,97(3):860-868.
[4]KHAYYAM H,KOUZANI A Z,HU E J,et al.Coordinated energy management of vehicle air conditioning system[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2011,31(5):750-764.
[5]张文灿,陈吉清,兰凤崇.汽车乘坐空间热环境降温过程动态特性分析研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(14):117-124ZHANG Wencan,CHEN Jiqing,LAN Fengchong.Study on thermal environment dynamic characteristics within a vehicle cabin during the cooling period[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(14):116-124.
[6]LEE H,HWANG Y,SONG I,et al.Transient thermal model of passenger car’s cabin and implementation to saturation cycle with alternative working fluids[J].Energy,2015,90(2):1859-1868.
[7]JI H S,KIM Y K,YANG J S,et al.Study of thermal phenomena in the cabin of a passenger vehicle using finite element analysis:Human comfort and system performance[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering,2014,228(12):1468-1479.
[8]TORREGROSA-JAIME B,CORBERáN J M,PAYáJ,et al.Thermal characterisation of compact heat exchangers for air heating and cooling in electric vehicles[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,115(3):774-781.
[9]KHATOON S,KIM M H.Human thermal comfort and heat removal efficiency for ventilation variants in passenger cars[J].Energies,2017,10(11):171-182.
[10]JAN F,MIROSLAV J.Impact of air distribution system on quality of ventilation in small aircraft cabin[J].Building/s&/senvironment,2013,69(11):171-182.
[11]SUáREZ C,IRANZO A,SALVA J A,et al.Parametric investigation using computational fluid dynamics of the HVAC air distribution in a railway vehicle for representative weather and operating conditions[J].Energies,2017,10(8):1074.
[12]WANG Yan,GAO Qing,ZHANG Tianshi,et al.Advances in integrated vehicle thermal management and numerical simulation[J].Energies,2017,10(10):1636.
[13]ZHANG Ziqi,LI Wanyong,ZHANG Chengquan,et al.Climate control loads prediction of electric vehicles[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2017,110(5):1183-1188.
[14]HUANG Yanjun,KHAJEPOUR A,DING Haitao,et al.An energy-saving set-point optimizer with a sliding mode controller for automotive air-conditioning/refrigeration systems[J].Applied Energy,2017,188:576-585.
[15]ZHANG Gangshen,YAN Wei,JIANG Tao.Fabrication and thermal insulating properties of ATO/PVB nanocomposites for energy saving glass[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Materials Science Edition,2013,28(5):912-915.
[16]HUANG C L,HO C C,CHEN Y B.Development of an energy-saving glass using two-dimensional periodic nano-structures[J].Energy&Buildings,2015,86(1197):589-594.
[17]国家发展和改革委员会.QC/T 728-2005汽车整车大气暴露试验方法[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2005.National Development and Reform Commission.QC/T 728-2005 Road vehicle-test method of exposure to weathering[S].Beijing:Planning Press of China,2005.
[18]MEZRHAB A,BOUZIDI M.Computation of thermal comfort inside a passenger car compartment[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2006,26(14-15):1697-1704.
[19]DUFFIE J A,BECHMAN W A.Solar engineering of thermal process[M].New York:Wiley,2013.
[20]PRATA A J.A new long-wave formula for estimating downward clear-sky radiation at the surface[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2010,122(533):1127-1151.
[21]SWINBANK W C.Long-wave radiation from clear skies[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,2010,89(381):339-348.
[22]杨世铭,陶文铨.传热学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006.YANG Shiming,TAO Wenquan.Heat transfer[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006.
[23]ASHRAE.Handbook of fundamentals[M].Atlanta:American Society of Heating,Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers Inc,2005.
[24]MCADAMS W H.Heat transmission 3rd[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1994.
[25]BERGMAN T L,LAVINE A S,INCROPERA F P,et al.Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer,binder version[M].New York:Wiley,2012.
[26]贾永华.浅论汽车玻璃的发展方向[J].玻璃,2010,37(4):36-38.JIA Yonghua.Discussion on development trend of automotive glass[J].Glass,2010,37(4):36-38.