生物质炭与有机物料混施对土壤温室气体排放和微生物活性的影响
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摘要
土壤是温室气体的重要排放源,在土壤中施入生物质炭和有机物料对土壤微生物在土壤碳氮转化和微量气体代谢方面有着重要作用,不过迄今在生物质炭和有机物料混施对土壤温室气体排放和微生物活性的影响方面的研究尚少.本研究采用室内培养试验,利用土壤添加生物质炭和生物质炭与不同有机物料混施,探究生物质炭和有机物料混施对土壤温室气体排放及微生物活性的影响.共设5个处理:新鲜土壤(S)、新鲜土壤+2%生物质炭(SB)、新鲜土壤+2%生物质炭+1%大豆饼(SBS)、新鲜土壤+2%生物质炭+1%小麦秸秆(SBW)、新鲜土壤+2%生物质炭+1%鸡粪(SBC).研究表明:只添加生物质炭对温室气体的排放影响不明显;生物质炭与有机物料混施使土壤的CO2、N2O排放明显增加,而对CH4的排放影响不明显;从温室气体增温潜势(GWP)变化可以看出有机物料施用对温室效应具有明显的增强作用;生物质炭与有机物料混施在一定程度上增加微生物生物量碳和代谢熵(q CO2),各处理的代谢熵是对照处理S的0.18~4.37倍;不同有机物料对FDA水解酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性都表现为激活作用.
The application of biochar and organic fertilizer to soil,an important source of greenhouse gases,plays an important role in soil carbon nitrogen conversion and micro-gas metabolism,however few studies have focused on the soil microbial activity and soil greenhouse gas emissions influenced by the mixed application of biochar and organic fertilizers. This study adopts indoor culture experiment,using soil added biochar and biochar mixed with different organic fertilizers,to explore the effects of biochar and different organic fertilizers on soil greenhouse gas emission and soil microbial activity. Five treatments were set up in this experiment,that is,fresh soil( S),fresh soil + 2% biochar( SB),fresh soil + 2% biochar + 1% soybean cake( SBS),fresh soil + 2% biochar + 1% wheat straw( SBW),fresh soil + 2% biochar + 1% chicken manure( SBC). The results show that the effect of adding biochar alone to soil on greenhouse gas emission is not obvious; The application of mixed biochar and organic fertilizer can significantly increase the soil CO2 and N2 O emissions,while the effect on CH4 emission is not obvious; application of organic fertilizer presents a sizable contribution to the greenhouse effect according to the dynamics of global warming potential( GWP); the mixed application of biochar and organic fertilizer also can increase microbial biomass carbon and metabolic entropy( q CO2) to a certain degree,and microbial biomass carbon exhibits an increase-decrease trend,with the metabolic entropy of each treatment is 0.18 ~ 4.37 times higher than that of S; Different organic fertilizers all enhance soil FDA hydrolysis activity,catalase activity,urease activity and alkaline phosphatase activity.
The application of biochar and organic fertilizer to soil,an important source of greenhouse gases,plays an important role in soil carbon nitrogen conversion and micro-gas metabolism,however few studies have focused on the soil microbial activity and soil greenhouse gas emissions influenced by the mixed application of biochar and organic fertilizers. This study adopts indoor culture experiment,using soil added biochar and biochar mixed with different organic fertilizers,to explore the effects of biochar and different organic fertilizers on soil greenhouse gas emission and soil microbial activity. Five treatments were set up in this experiment,that is,fresh soil( S),fresh soil + 2% biochar( SB),fresh soil + 2% biochar + 1% soybean cake( SBS),fresh soil + 2% biochar + 1% wheat straw( SBW),fresh soil + 2% biochar + 1% chicken manure( SBC). The results show that the effect of adding biochar alone to soil on greenhouse gas emission is not obvious; The application of mixed biochar and organic fertilizer can significantly increase the soil CO2 and N2 O emissions,while the effect on CH4 emission is not obvious; application of organic fertilizer presents a sizable contribution to the greenhouse effect according to the dynamics of global warming potential( GWP); the mixed application of biochar and organic fertilizer also can increase microbial biomass carbon and metabolic entropy( q CO2) to a certain degree,and microbial biomass carbon exhibits an increase-decrease trend,with the metabolic entropy of each treatment is 0.18 ~ 4.37 times higher than that of S; Different organic fertilizers all enhance soil FDA hydrolysis activity,catalase activity,urease activity and alkaline phosphatase activity.
引文
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程坤,周际海,金志农,等.2017.土壤微生物活性对石油原油、铅镉及其复合污染的响应[J].环境科学学报,37(5):1976-1982
程明芳,金继运,李春花,等.2004.施用钾肥和有机物料对小麦产量、品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,(5):9-11
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陈晨,许欣,毕智超,等.2017.生物炭和有机肥对菜地土壤N2O排放及硝化-反硝化微生物功能基因丰度的影响[J].环境科学学报,37(5):1912-1920
陈素丽,陈清西,胡天惠,等.1997.长毛对虾酸性磷酸酶的纯化与性质[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),36(1):121-125
崔丽娜,董树亭,高荣岐,等.2010.外源四环素对菜田土壤微生物活性及数量的影响[J].水土保持学报,24(1):214-218
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郭艳亮,王丹丹,郑纪勇,等.2015.生物炭添加对半干旱地区土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学,36(9):3393-3400
郭正元,唐美珍,袁敏,等.2005.碘甲磺隆钠盐对土壤中几种生物学指标的影响[J].农药学学报,7(1):88-91
Hansen J E,Lacis A A.1990.Sun and dust versus greenhouse gases:an assessment of their relative roles in global climate change[J].Nature,346(6286):713-719
Harde B.2010.Smoldered-Earth policy:Created by ancient amazonian natives,fertile,dark soils retain abundant carbon[J].Science News,169(9):133-133
贺京,李涵茂,方丽,等.2011.秸秆还田对中国农田土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].中国农学通报,27(20):246-250
花莉,唐志刚,解井坤,等.2013.生物质炭对农田温室气体排放的作用效应及其影响因素探讨[J].生态环境学报,22(6):1068-1073
黄国勤,王兴祥,钱海燕,等.2004.施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策[J].生态环境学报,13(4):656-660
IPCC.2013.The Physical Science Basis:working group I contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[R].Stockholm:Cambridge University Press
李平,郎漫,李淼,等.2018.不同施肥处理对东北黑土温室气体排放的短期影响[J].环境科学,39(5):2360-2367
李柘锦,隋鹏,龙攀,等.2016.不同有机物料还田对农田系统净温室气体排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,32(s2):111-117
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吕艳杰,于海燕,姚凡云,等.2016.秸秆还田与施氮对黑土区春玉米田产量、温室气体排放及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,24(11):1456-1463
马星竹.2010.长期施肥土壤的FDA水解酶活性[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),36(4):451-455
Mehta S,Nautiyal C S.2001.An efficient method for qualitative screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria[J].Current Microbiology,43(1):51-56
Peix A,Rivas R,Mateos P F,et al.2003.Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae sp.nov.,a novel species that actively solubilizes phosphate in vitro[J].International Journal of Systematic&Evolutionary Microbiology,53:2067-2072
彭智良,黄元炯,刘国顺,等.2009.不同有机物料对烟田土壤微生物以及烟叶品质和产量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,15(2):41-45
祁乐,高明,郭晓敏,等.2018.生物炭施用量对紫色水稻土温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学,39(5):2351-2359
饶霜,卢阳,黄飞,等.2016.生物炭对土壤微生物的影响研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,32(1):53-59
Rogers D,Reithel F J.1960.Acid phosphatases of Escherichia coli[J].Archives of Biochemistry&Biophysics,89(1):97-104
尚艺婕,王海波,史静.2015.外加镉处理下秸秆生物质炭对土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,32(1):20-25
沈菊培,陈振华,陈利军.2005.草甸棕壤水稻田磷酸酶活性及对施肥措施的响应[J].应用生态学报,16(3):583-585
沈仕洲,王风,薛长亮,等.2015.施用有机物料对农田温室气体排放影响研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,(6):1-8
Shen J P,Chen Z H,Chen L J.2005.Phosphatase activities in riceplanting meadow brown soil and their responses to fertilization[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,16(3):583-585
Van Z L,Singh B,Joseph S,et al.2009.Biochar and emission of nonCO2greenhouse gases from soil[M]//London,United kingdom:Earthscan Publications Ltd.Biochar for environmental management science and technology.227-249
王继红,刘景双,于君宝,等.2004.氮磷肥对黑土玉米农田生态系统土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响[J].水土保持学报,18(1):35-38
吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.2006.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社
武岩,红梅,林立龙,等.2017.3种土壤改良剂对河套灌区玉米田温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学:39(1):310-320
熊正琴,张晓旭.2017.氮肥高效施用在低碳农业中的关键作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,23(6):1433-1440
杨雨浛,易建婷,张成,等.2017.施用不同污泥堆肥品对土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学,38(4):1647-1653
于群英.2001.土壤磷酸酶活性及其影响因素研究[J].安徽科技学院学报,15(4):5-8
Yuan J H,Xu R K,Zhang H.2011.The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,102(3):3488-3497
Zhang A,Bian R,Pan G,et al.2012.Effects of biochar amendment on soil quality,crop yield and greenhouse gas emission in a Chinese rice paddy:A field study of 2 consecutive rice growing cycles[J].Field Crops Research,127(127):153-160
Zhang A,Liu Y,Pan G,et al.2012.Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from Central China Plain[J].Plant&Soil,351(1/2):263-275
张斌,刘晓雨,潘根兴,等.2012.施用生物质炭后稻田土壤性质、水稻产量和痕量温室气体排放的变化[J].中国农业科学,45(23):4844-4853
张华,张若玉,何金海,等.2013.CH4和N2O的辐射强迫与全球增温潜能[J].大气科学,37(3):745-754
张玉铭,胡春胜,张佳宝,等.2011.农田土壤主要温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)的源/汇强度及其温室效应研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,19(4):966-975
周贝贝,王一明,林先贵.2016.不同处理方式的粪肥对水稻生长和温室气体排放的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,22(3):430-436
朱永官,王晓辉,杨小茹,等.2014.农田土壤N2O产生的关键微生物过程及减排措施[J].环境科学,35(2):792-800
程坤,周际海,金志农,等.2017.土壤微生物活性对石油原油、铅镉及其复合污染的响应[J].环境科学学报,37(5):1976-1982
程明芳,金继运,李春花,等.2004.施用钾肥和有机物料对小麦产量、品质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,(5):9-11
Clough T J,Bertram J E,Ray J L,et al.2010.Unweathered wood biochar impact on nitrous oxide emissions from a bovine-urineamended pasture soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,74(3):852-860
陈晨,许欣,毕智超,等.2017.生物炭和有机肥对菜地土壤N2O排放及硝化-反硝化微生物功能基因丰度的影响[J].环境科学学报,37(5):1912-1920
陈素丽,陈清西,胡天惠,等.1997.长毛对虾酸性磷酸酶的纯化与性质[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),36(1):121-125
崔丽娜,董树亭,高荣岐,等.2010.外源四环素对菜田土壤微生物活性及数量的影响[J].水土保持学报,24(1):214-218
关松荫.1986.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社
郭艳亮,王丹丹,郑纪勇,等.2015.生物炭添加对半干旱地区土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学,36(9):3393-3400
郭正元,唐美珍,袁敏,等.2005.碘甲磺隆钠盐对土壤中几种生物学指标的影响[J].农药学学报,7(1):88-91
Hansen J E,Lacis A A.1990.Sun and dust versus greenhouse gases:an assessment of their relative roles in global climate change[J].Nature,346(6286):713-719
Harde B.2010.Smoldered-Earth policy:Created by ancient amazonian natives,fertile,dark soils retain abundant carbon[J].Science News,169(9):133-133
贺京,李涵茂,方丽,等.2011.秸秆还田对中国农田土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].中国农学通报,27(20):246-250
花莉,唐志刚,解井坤,等.2013.生物质炭对农田温室气体排放的作用效应及其影响因素探讨[J].生态环境学报,22(6):1068-1073
黄国勤,王兴祥,钱海燕,等.2004.施用化肥对农业生态环境的负面影响及对策[J].生态环境学报,13(4):656-660
IPCC.2013.The Physical Science Basis:working group I contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[R].Stockholm:Cambridge University Press
李平,郎漫,李淼,等.2018.不同施肥处理对东北黑土温室气体排放的短期影响[J].环境科学,39(5):2360-2367
李柘锦,隋鹏,龙攀,等.2016.不同有机物料还田对农田系统净温室气体排放的影响[J].农业工程学报,32(s2):111-117
Liu Y,Yang M,Wu Y,et al.2011.Reducing CH4and CO2emissions from waterlogged paddy soil with biochar[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,11(6):930-939
吕艳杰,于海燕,姚凡云,等.2016.秸秆还田与施氮对黑土区春玉米田产量、温室气体排放及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,24(11):1456-1463
马星竹.2010.长期施肥土壤的FDA水解酶活性[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),36(4):451-455
Mehta S,Nautiyal C S.2001.An efficient method for qualitative screening of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria[J].Current Microbiology,43(1):51-56
Peix A,Rivas R,Mateos P F,et al.2003.Pseudomonas rhizosphaerae sp.nov.,a novel species that actively solubilizes phosphate in vitro[J].International Journal of Systematic&Evolutionary Microbiology,53:2067-2072
彭智良,黄元炯,刘国顺,等.2009.不同有机物料对烟田土壤微生物以及烟叶品质和产量的影响[J].中国烟草学报,15(2):41-45
祁乐,高明,郭晓敏,等.2018.生物炭施用量对紫色水稻土温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学,39(5):2351-2359
饶霜,卢阳,黄飞,等.2016.生物炭对土壤微生物的影响研究进展[J].生态与农村环境学报,32(1):53-59
Rogers D,Reithel F J.1960.Acid phosphatases of Escherichia coli[J].Archives of Biochemistry&Biophysics,89(1):97-104
尚艺婕,王海波,史静.2015.外加镉处理下秸秆生物质炭对土壤酶活性的影响[J].农业资源与环境学报,32(1):20-25
沈菊培,陈振华,陈利军.2005.草甸棕壤水稻田磷酸酶活性及对施肥措施的响应[J].应用生态学报,16(3):583-585
沈仕洲,王风,薛长亮,等.2015.施用有机物料对农田温室气体排放影响研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料,(6):1-8
Shen J P,Chen Z H,Chen L J.2005.Phosphatase activities in riceplanting meadow brown soil and their responses to fertilization[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,16(3):583-585
Van Z L,Singh B,Joseph S,et al.2009.Biochar and emission of nonCO2greenhouse gases from soil[M]//London,United kingdom:Earthscan Publications Ltd.Biochar for environmental management science and technology.227-249
王继红,刘景双,于君宝,等.2004.氮磷肥对黑土玉米农田生态系统土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响[J].水土保持学报,18(1):35-38
吴金水,林启美,黄巧云,等.2006.土壤微生物生物量测定方法及其应用[M].北京:气象出版社
武岩,红梅,林立龙,等.2017.3种土壤改良剂对河套灌区玉米田温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学:39(1):310-320
熊正琴,张晓旭.2017.氮肥高效施用在低碳农业中的关键作用[J].植物营养与肥料学报,23(6):1433-1440
杨雨浛,易建婷,张成,等.2017.施用不同污泥堆肥品对土壤温室气体排放的影响[J].环境科学,38(4):1647-1653
于群英.2001.土壤磷酸酶活性及其影响因素研究[J].安徽科技学院学报,15(4):5-8
Yuan J H,Xu R K,Zhang H.2011.The forms of alkalis in the biochar produced from crop residues at different temperatures[J].Bioresource Technology,102(3):3488-3497
Zhang A,Bian R,Pan G,et al.2012.Effects of biochar amendment on soil quality,crop yield and greenhouse gas emission in a Chinese rice paddy:A field study of 2 consecutive rice growing cycles[J].Field Crops Research,127(127):153-160
Zhang A,Liu Y,Pan G,et al.2012.Effect of biochar amendment on maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions from a soil organic carbon poor calcareous loamy soil from Central China Plain[J].Plant&Soil,351(1/2):263-275
张斌,刘晓雨,潘根兴,等.2012.施用生物质炭后稻田土壤性质、水稻产量和痕量温室气体排放的变化[J].中国农业科学,45(23):4844-4853
张华,张若玉,何金海,等.2013.CH4和N2O的辐射强迫与全球增温潜能[J].大气科学,37(3):745-754
张玉铭,胡春胜,张佳宝,等.2011.农田土壤主要温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)的源/汇强度及其温室效应研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报,19(4):966-975
周贝贝,王一明,林先贵.2016.不同处理方式的粪肥对水稻生长和温室气体排放的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,22(3):430-436
朱永官,王晓辉,杨小茹,等.2014.农田土壤N2O产生的关键微生物过程及减排措施[J].环境科学,35(2):792-800