不同外形空化器绕回转体超空化特性试验研究
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摘要
为获得头型空化器参数对超空化流场特性的影响规律,依托高速水洞试验平台,采用高速流动显示技术与三分测力天平测力技术相结合,研究不同形状空化器对绕回转体超空泡特性的影响。文中针对4种不同形状的空化器,采用人工通气的方法在回转体周围形成超空化流动,获得不同工况条件下绕回转体的空泡形态及阻力波动。研究结果表明,不同外形空化器均能形成稳定透明的空泡;同一种外形的空化器,来流速度越高,获得的空泡尺度越大;沉凹形空化器阻力系数最大,截锥型空化器阻力系数次之,倒锥形空化器阻力系数最小。文中研究结论可为超空泡射弹头部外形设计及流体动力布局设计提供参考和依据。
To obtain the influence of head-shaped cavitator parameters on the characteristics of supercavitation flow field, the high-speed flow display technology and the force measuring technology with three-point force balance are employed to study the effect of cavitator with different shapes on the supercavitation characteristics of axisymmetric body on the high-speed water tunnel test platform. Supercavitation flows around the axisymmetric body are generated via artificial ventilation by the cavitators with four shapes. The cavity morphology and resistance fluctuation around the axisymmetric body under different working conditions are obtained. Results show that each cavitator can form stable and transparent cavity. For the cavitator with a certain shape, the higher the velocity of incoming flow is, the larger the cavity size becomes. According to the drag coefficient, the descending order is the concave-shaped cavitator, the truncated cone-shaped cavitator, the disk-shaped cavitator, and the inverted cone-shaped cavitator. This research may provide a reference for the head shape design of supercavitating projectile and the design of hydrodynamic layout.
To obtain the influence of head-shaped cavitator parameters on the characteristics of supercavitation flow field, the high-speed flow display technology and the force measuring technology with three-point force balance are employed to study the effect of cavitator with different shapes on the supercavitation characteristics of axisymmetric body on the high-speed water tunnel test platform. Supercavitation flows around the axisymmetric body are generated via artificial ventilation by the cavitators with four shapes. The cavity morphology and resistance fluctuation around the axisymmetric body under different working conditions are obtained. Results show that each cavitator can form stable and transparent cavity. For the cavitator with a certain shape, the higher the velocity of incoming flow is, the larger the cavity size becomes. According to the drag coefficient, the descending order is the concave-shaped cavitator, the truncated cone-shaped cavitator, the disk-shaped cavitator, and the inverted cone-shaped cavitator. This research may provide a reference for the head shape design of supercavitating projectile and the design of hydrodynamic layout.
引文
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[2]王瑞,徐保成,张建斌,等.某超空泡高速射弹水弹道仿真与试验研究[C]//中国兵工学会弹道专业委员会2016年弹道学术会议论文集(下).南京:中国兵工学会弹道专业委员会2016年弹道学术会议,2016:100-105.
[3]Logvinovich G V,Buyvol V N.Hydrodynamics of Cavitating Flows with Perturbations[J].Journal De Physique IV,2003,110(9):559-564.
[4]Sunho P.Numerical Analysis of Two-Dimensional Turbulent Super-Cavitating Flow around a Cavitator Geometry[C]//AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference.Hawaii,USA;AIAA,2011.
[5]李明权.超空泡武器技术[J].现代军事,2001(8):38-40.
[6]Li Ming-quan.Supercavitating Weapon[J].Modern Military,2001(8):38-40.
[7]傅慧萍,鲁传敬.空化器设计及超空泡参数控制[J].船舶科学技术,2003,10(5):49-51.Fu Hui-ping,Lu Chuan-jing.Progress in Design of Cavitator and Control of Supercavity Parameters[J].Ship Science and Technology,2003,10(5):49-51.
[8]Savchenko Y N.Investigation of High-Speed Supercavitating Underwater Motion of Bodies[C]//Proceedings of NATO-AGARD.Ukraine:NAS-IHM,1997:1-12.
[9]余志毅,王国玉,顾玲燕,等.圆盘空化器超空化绕流流场结构及动力特性的数值分析[J].兵工学报,2008,29(12):1444-1449.Yu Zhi-yi,Wang Guo-yu,Gu Ling-yan,et al.Numerical Analysis of Structure and Dynamic Characteristics of Supercavitating Flow Around a Disc Cavitator[J].Acta Armamentarii,2008,29(12):1444-1449.
[10]贾力平,于开平,张嘉钟,等.空化器参数对超空泡形成和发展影响[J].力学学报,2007,39(2):210-216.Jia Li-ping,Yu Kai-ping,Zhang Jia-zhong,et al.Influence of Cavitator Parameters on Formation and Development of Supercavity[J].Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics.2007,39(2):210-216.
[11]黄小腾.锥形空化器航行体非定常流体动力特性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2012.
[12]栗夫园,党建军,张宇文.锥形空化器的流体动力特性及其影响因素[J].上海交通大学学报,2016,50(2):246-250.Li Fu-yuan,Dang Jian-jun,Zhang Yu-wen.Influencing Factors and Characteristics of Hydrodynamic of Conical Cavitator[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University,2016,50(2):246-250.
[13]隗喜斌,王聪,荣吉利,等.锥体空化器非定常超空泡形态分析[J].兵工学报,2007,28(7):863-866.Wei Xi-bin,Wang Cong,Rong Ji-li,et al.Unsteady Supercavitating Flow on Cone Cavitator[J].Acta Armamentarii,2007,28(7):863-866.
[14]黄彪,王国玉,权晓波,等.绕平头回转体非定常空化流体动力特性研究[J].试验流体力学,2011,25(2):22-28.Huang Biao,Wang Guo-yu,Quan Xiao-bo,et al.Study on the Unsteady Cavitating Flow Dynamic Characteristics Around a O-caliber Ogive Revolution Body[J].Journal of Experiments in Fluid Mechanics,2011,25(2):22-28.