Impact of environmental variables on spatial and seasonal internal phosphorus loading in a mesoeutrophic lake
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摘要
Strzeszynskie Lake was formerly a slightly eutrophic(meso-eutrophic) water body. The aim of the current research was to define variables on both spatial and seasonal internal phosphorus loading from bottom sediments at five stations located in zones varying in depth, oxygenation, macrophyte presence,and uses of the neighboring catchment area. Ex situ experiments done with the use of intact bottom sediment cores have shown that the highest phosphorus release occurred in the deepest part of the lake and reached 3.6 mg P/m~2 d under anoxic conditions during summer thermal stratification. In turn, the internal loading from littoral sediments, which were well aerated all year round, was clearly lower.Furthermore, phosphorus accumulation in the bottom sediment was observed to reach a maximum of 1.45 mg P/m~2 d in autumn. A comparison of the internal loading intensity in lake zones with different land uses of the neighboring catchment area has shown slightly higher values at stations adjacent to the forest catchment area than those used for recreation. Changes in the land use of the catchment area of Strzeszynskie Lake, especially the increase in impermeable surfaces, have led to an increased inflow of external loads after heavy rains, resulting in deterioration in water quality and a delayed increase in internal loading.
Strzeszynskie Lake was formerly a slightly eutrophic(meso-eutrophic) water body. The aim of the current research was to define variables on both spatial and seasonal internal phosphorus loading from bottom sediments at five stations located in zones varying in depth, oxygenation, macrophyte presence,and uses of the neighboring catchment area. Ex situ experiments done with the use of intact bottom sediment cores have shown that the highest phosphorus release occurred in the deepest part of the lake and reached 3.6 mg P/m~2 d under anoxic conditions during summer thermal stratification. In turn, the internal loading from littoral sediments, which were well aerated all year round, was clearly lower.Furthermore, phosphorus accumulation in the bottom sediment was observed to reach a maximum of 1.45 mg P/m~2 d in autumn. A comparison of the internal loading intensity in lake zones with different land uses of the neighboring catchment area has shown slightly higher values at stations adjacent to the forest catchment area than those used for recreation. Changes in the land use of the catchment area of Strzeszynskie Lake, especially the increase in impermeable surfaces, have led to an increased inflow of external loads after heavy rains, resulting in deterioration in water quality and a delayed increase in internal loading.
Strzeszynskie Lake was formerly a slightly eutrophic(meso-eutrophic) water body. The aim of the current research was to define variables on both spatial and seasonal internal phosphorus loading from bottom sediments at five stations located in zones varying in depth, oxygenation, macrophyte presence,and uses of the neighboring catchment area. Ex situ experiments done with the use of intact bottom sediment cores have shown that the highest phosphorus release occurred in the deepest part of the lake and reached 3.6 mg P/m~2 d under anoxic conditions during summer thermal stratification. In turn, the internal loading from littoral sediments, which were well aerated all year round, was clearly lower.Furthermore, phosphorus accumulation in the bottom sediment was observed to reach a maximum of 1.45 mg P/m~2 d in autumn. A comparison of the internal loading intensity in lake zones with different land uses of the neighboring catchment area has shown slightly higher values at stations adjacent to the forest catchment area than those used for recreation. Changes in the land use of the catchment area of Strzeszynskie Lake, especially the increase in impermeable surfaces, have led to an increased inflow of external loads after heavy rains, resulting in deterioration in water quality and a delayed increase in internal loading.
引文
Andersen, F. 0.,&Ring, P.(1999). Comparison of phosphorus release from littoral and profundal sediments in a shallow, eutrophic lake. Hydrobiologia, 408/409,175-183.
Baralkiewicz, D., Chudzinska, M., Szpakowska, B., Swierk, D., Goldyn, R.,&Dondajewska, R.(2014). Storm water contamination and its effect on the quality of urban surface waters. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(10),6789-6803.
Bostrom, B., Andersen, J. M., Fleischer, S.,&Jansson, M.(1988). Exchange of phosphorus across the sediment-water interface. Hydrobiologia, 170, 229-244.
Bostr?m, B., Jansson, M.,&Forsberg, C.(1982). Phosphorus release from lake sediments. Archiv f(u|")r Hydrobiologie, 18, 5-59.
Carlson, R. E.(1977). A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 22(2). 361-369.
Dittrich, M., Chesnyuk, A., Gudimov, A., McCulloch, J., Quazi, S., Young, J.,&Winter,J.(2013). Phosphorus retention in a mesotrophic lake under transient loading conditions:Insights from a sediment phosphorus binding from study. Water Research, 47, 1433-1447.
Elbanowska, H., Zerbe, J.,&Siepak, J.(1999). Physico-chemical water analyses.Warsaw:PWN Publishers.(in Polish)
Forsberg, C.(1989). Importance of sediments in understanding nutrient cyclings in lakes. Hydrobiologia, 176/177, 263-277.
Frodge, J. D., Thomas, G. L.&Pauley, G. B.(1991). Sediments phosphorus loading beneath dense canopies of aquatic macrophytes. Lake and Reservoir Management, 7, 61-71.
Goldyn, B., Kowalczewska-Madura, K.,&Celewicz-Goldyn, S.(2015). Drought and deluge:Influence of environmental factors on water quality of kettle holes in two subsequent years with different precipitation. Limnologica, 54, 14-22.
Golterman, H. L(1995). The role of iron hydroxyde-phosphate-sulphide system in the phosphate exchange between sediments and overlying water. Hydrobiologia, 297, 43-54.
Golterman, H. L(2004). The chemistry of phosphate and nitrogen compounds in sediments. Dordrecht, Boston, London:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Gonsiorczyk, T., Casper, P.,&Koschel, R.(1997). Variations of phosphorus release from sediments in stratified lakes. Water, Air Soil Pollution, 99, 427-434.
Gonsiorczyk, T., Casper, P.,&Koschel, R.(1998). Phosphorus binding forms in the sediment of an oligotrophic and an eutrophic hardwater lake of the Baltic district(Germany). Water Science Technology, 37(3), 51-58.
Hupfer, M.,&Lewandowski, J.(2005). Retention and early diagenetic transformation of phosphorus in Lake Arendsee(Germany)-Consequences for management strategies. Archiv f(u|")r Hydrobiologie. 164(2), 143-167.
Hupfer, M.,&Lewandowski. J.(2008). Oxygen controls the phosphorus release from lake sediments-A long-lasting paradigm in limnology. International Review of Hydrobiology, 93(4-5), 415-432.
James, W. F.,&Barko, J. W.(1991). Littoral-pelagic phosphorus dynamics during nighttime convective circulation. Limnology and Oceanography, 36, 949-960.
Janczak, J.,&Sziwa, R.(1995). A morphometric and hydrological characteristic of lakes and reservoirs of Poznan In:A. Kaniecki,&J. Rotnicka(Eds.), Surface waters in Poznan, water problems of urban areas(pp. 344-355). Poznan:Sorus Publishers.
Jensen. H. S., Kristensen, P., Jeppesen, E.,&Skytthe, A.(1992). Iron-phosphorus ratio in surface sediment as an indicator of phosphate release from aerobic sediments in shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia, 235/236, 731-743.
Joniak, T., Jakubowska, N.,&Szelag-Wasielewska, E.(2013). Degradation of the recreational functions of urban lake:A preliminary evaluation of water turbidity and light availability(Strzeszynskie Lake, Western Poland). Polish Journal of Natural Sciences, 28(1), 43-51.
Kaiserli, A., Voutsa, D.,&Samara. C.(2002). Phosphorus fractionation in lake sediments-Lakes Volvi and Koronia, N. Greece. Chemosphere, 46, 1147-1155.
Katsev, S.,&Dittrich, M.(2013). Modelling of decadal scale phosphorus retention in lake sediment under varying redox conditions. Ecological Modelling, 251.246-259.
Kazmierska, A.(2015). Human impact on bacterioplankton and autotrophic picoplankton in pelagic zone of Strzeszynskie Lake(Ph.D. dissertation). Poznan:Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Water Protection.
Kazmierska, A.,&Szelag-Wasielewska, E.(2015). Evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in the quality of water:A case study of small stream in Poland.Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 6(1), 137-142.
Kentzer, A.(2001). Phosphorus and its biologically accessible fractions in bottom sediments of lakes of diverse trophic state. Torun, Poland:University Press.(in Polish).
Kleeberg, A.,&Dudel, G. E.(1997). Changes in extent of phosphorus release in a shallow lake(Lake Grosser Muggelsee; Germany, Berlin)due to climatic factors and load. Marine Geology, 139, 61-75.
Klimaszyk, P.,&Rzymski, P.(2013). Catchment vegetation can trigger lake dystrophy through changes in runoff water quality. Annales de Limnologie-International Journal of Limnology, 49, 191-197.
Klimaszyk, P., Rzymski, P., Piotrowicz, P.,&Joniak, T.(2015). Contribution of surface runoff from forested areas to the chemistry of a through-flow lake. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, 3963-3973.
Kowalczewska-Madura, K., Dondajewska, R.,&Goldyn, R.(2008). Influence of iron treatment on phosphorus internal loading from bottom sediments of the restored lake. Limnological Review, 8(4). 177-182.
Kowalczewska-Madura, K., Dondajewska, R.,&Goldyn, R.(2011). Seasonal changes of phosphorus release from the bottom sediments of Rusalka Lake during the restoration process. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering A, 18(2), 219-224.
Kowalczewska-Madura, K.,&Goldyn, R.(2009). The internal loading of phosphorus from the sediments of Swarzedzkie Lake(Western Poland). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 18(4), 635-643.
Kowalczewska-Madura, K., Goldyn, R.,&Dera, M.(2015). Spatial and seasonal changes of phosphorus internal loading in two lakes with different trophy.Ecological Engineering, 74, 187-195.
Kufel, L,&Kufel, I.(2002). Chara beds acting as nutrient sinks in shallow lakes-A review. Aquatic Botany, 72, 249-260.
Lake, B. A., Coolidge, K. M., Norton, S. A.,&Amirbahman, A.(2007). Factors to the internal loading of phosphorus from anoxic sediments in six Maine, USA, lakes.Science of the Total Environment, 373, 534-541.
Lijklema, L(1994). Nutrients dynamics in shallow lakes:Effects of changes in loading and role of sediment-water interactions. Hydrobiologia, 275/276,335-348.
Lorenzen, C. J.(1967). Determination of chlorophyll and phaeopigments:Spectrophotometric equations. Limnology and Oceanography, 12, 343-346.
Malmaeus, J. M.,&Rydin, E.(2006). A time-dynamic phosphorus model for the profundal sediments of Lake Erken, Sweden. Aquatic Sciences, 68, 16-27.
Mitraszewski, P.,&Uchmanski, J.(1988). A numerical model of phosphorus exchange between the sediments and the near-bottom water in a lake. Ekologia Polska. 36, 317-346.
Myslinska, E.(2001). Organic soils and laboratory methods of their analyses. Warsaw:PWN Publishers.(in Polish).
Nurnberg, G. K.(2009). Assessing internal phosphorus load-Problems to be solved. Lake and Reservoir Management, 25, 419-432.
Niirnberg, G. K., LaZerte, B. D., Loh, P. S.,&Molot, L A.(2013). Quantification of internal phosphorus load in large, partially polimictic and mesotrophic Lake Simcoe, Ontario. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 39, 271-279.
Osuch, A., Osuch. E., Podsiadlowski, S., Rybacki, P., Ratajczak, J.,&Mioduszewska, N.(2016). Ocena mozliwosci wplywu zasilania zewnetrznego na stezenie biogenow w wodzie Jeziora Strzeszynskiego[Evaluation of the influence of external nutrient loading on the concentration of nutrients in the water of Strzeszynskie Lake]. Intynieria i Ochrona Srodowiska, 19(1), 5-14.(In Polish).
Pardo, P., Lopez-Sanchez, J. F.,&Rauret, G.(2003). Relationships between phosphorus fractionation and major components in sediments using the SMT harmonized extraction procedure. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 376,248-254.
Psenner, R.(1984). Phosphorus release patterns from sediments of a meromictic lake(Piburger See, Austria). Verhandlungen des Internationale Vereinigung f(u|")r Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, 22, 219-228.
Psenner, R., Bostrom, B., Dinka, M., Pettersson, K., Pucsko, R.,&Sager, M.(1988).Fractionation of phosphorus in suspended matter and sediment. Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 30, 98-113.
Pulyk, M.(2011). Report on the state of the environment in Wielkopolska Region in2010. Poznan:Environment Monitoring Library.(In Polish).
Pulyk, M.(2012). Report on the state of the environment in Wielkopolska Region in2011. Poznan:Environment Monitoring Library.(In Polish).
Rosner, B.(2010). Fundamentals of biostatisics((Seventh edition). Harvard University(Cenega Learning).
Sen, S., Haggard, B. E., Chaubey, I., Brye, K. R., Costello, T. A.,&Mathloch, M. D.(2007). Sediment phosphorus release at Beaver Reservoir Northwest Arkansas,USA, 2002-2003:A preliminary investigation. Water, Air Soil Pollution, 179,67-77.
Sndergaard, M., Jensen, J. P.,&Jeppesen, E.(2001). Retention and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow, eutrophic lakes. The Scientific World, 1, 427-442.
Sendergaard, M., Jensen. J. P.,&Jeppesen, E.(2003). Role of sediment and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia, 506-509, 135-145.
Sndergaard, M., Wolter, K. D.,&Ripl, W.(2002). Chemical treatment of water and sediments with special reference to lakes In:M. R. Perrow,&A. J. Davy(Eds.),Handbook of ecological restoration(pp. 184-205). Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
Steinman. A. D.,&Ogdahl, M. E.(2015). TMDL reevaluation:Reconciling internal phosphorus load reductions in a eutrophic lake. Lake and Reservoir Management, 31, 115-126.
Stephen, D., Moss, B.,&Philips, G.(1997). Do rooted macrophytes increase sediment phosphorus release? Hydrobiologia, 342, 27-34.
Szelag-Wasielewska, E.(2006). Trophic status of lake water evaluated using phytoplankton community structure-Change after two decades. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(1), 139-144.
Szelag-Wasielewska, E.(2007). Trophic state assessment based on late summer phytoplankton community structure:A case study for epilimnetic lake water.Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 36(3), 53-63.
Wang, H., Appan, A.,&Gulliver, J. S.(2003). Modelling of phosphorus dynamics in aquatic sediments:I-model development. Water Research, 37(16), 3928-3938.
Xie, P.(2006). Biological mechanisms driving the seasonal changes in the internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes. Science in China:Series D Earth Sciences,49, 14-27.
Zawadzki, P., Murat-Blazejewska, S.,&Blazejewski, R.(2016). Eutrophication of the Strzeszynskie Lake consequences and remedies. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports, 21, 161-169.
Baralkiewicz, D., Chudzinska, M., Szpakowska, B., Swierk, D., Goldyn, R.,&Dondajewska, R.(2014). Storm water contamination and its effect on the quality of urban surface waters. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(10),6789-6803.
Bostrom, B., Andersen, J. M., Fleischer, S.,&Jansson, M.(1988). Exchange of phosphorus across the sediment-water interface. Hydrobiologia, 170, 229-244.
Bostr?m, B., Jansson, M.,&Forsberg, C.(1982). Phosphorus release from lake sediments. Archiv f(u|")r Hydrobiologie, 18, 5-59.
Carlson, R. E.(1977). A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 22(2). 361-369.
Dittrich, M., Chesnyuk, A., Gudimov, A., McCulloch, J., Quazi, S., Young, J.,&Winter,J.(2013). Phosphorus retention in a mesotrophic lake under transient loading conditions:Insights from a sediment phosphorus binding from study. Water Research, 47, 1433-1447.
Elbanowska, H., Zerbe, J.,&Siepak, J.(1999). Physico-chemical water analyses.Warsaw:PWN Publishers.(in Polish)
Forsberg, C.(1989). Importance of sediments in understanding nutrient cyclings in lakes. Hydrobiologia, 176/177, 263-277.
Frodge, J. D., Thomas, G. L.&Pauley, G. B.(1991). Sediments phosphorus loading beneath dense canopies of aquatic macrophytes. Lake and Reservoir Management, 7, 61-71.
Goldyn, B., Kowalczewska-Madura, K.,&Celewicz-Goldyn, S.(2015). Drought and deluge:Influence of environmental factors on water quality of kettle holes in two subsequent years with different precipitation. Limnologica, 54, 14-22.
Golterman, H. L(1995). The role of iron hydroxyde-phosphate-sulphide system in the phosphate exchange between sediments and overlying water. Hydrobiologia, 297, 43-54.
Golterman, H. L(2004). The chemistry of phosphate and nitrogen compounds in sediments. Dordrecht, Boston, London:Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Gonsiorczyk, T., Casper, P.,&Koschel, R.(1997). Variations of phosphorus release from sediments in stratified lakes. Water, Air Soil Pollution, 99, 427-434.
Gonsiorczyk, T., Casper, P.,&Koschel, R.(1998). Phosphorus binding forms in the sediment of an oligotrophic and an eutrophic hardwater lake of the Baltic district(Germany). Water Science Technology, 37(3), 51-58.
Hupfer, M.,&Lewandowski, J.(2005). Retention and early diagenetic transformation of phosphorus in Lake Arendsee(Germany)-Consequences for management strategies. Archiv f(u|")r Hydrobiologie. 164(2), 143-167.
Hupfer, M.,&Lewandowski. J.(2008). Oxygen controls the phosphorus release from lake sediments-A long-lasting paradigm in limnology. International Review of Hydrobiology, 93(4-5), 415-432.
James, W. F.,&Barko, J. W.(1991). Littoral-pelagic phosphorus dynamics during nighttime convective circulation. Limnology and Oceanography, 36, 949-960.
Janczak, J.,&Sziwa, R.(1995). A morphometric and hydrological characteristic of lakes and reservoirs of Poznan In:A. Kaniecki,&J. Rotnicka(Eds.), Surface waters in Poznan, water problems of urban areas(pp. 344-355). Poznan:Sorus Publishers.
Jensen. H. S., Kristensen, P., Jeppesen, E.,&Skytthe, A.(1992). Iron-phosphorus ratio in surface sediment as an indicator of phosphate release from aerobic sediments in shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia, 235/236, 731-743.
Joniak, T., Jakubowska, N.,&Szelag-Wasielewska, E.(2013). Degradation of the recreational functions of urban lake:A preliminary evaluation of water turbidity and light availability(Strzeszynskie Lake, Western Poland). Polish Journal of Natural Sciences, 28(1), 43-51.
Kaiserli, A., Voutsa, D.,&Samara. C.(2002). Phosphorus fractionation in lake sediments-Lakes Volvi and Koronia, N. Greece. Chemosphere, 46, 1147-1155.
Katsev, S.,&Dittrich, M.(2013). Modelling of decadal scale phosphorus retention in lake sediment under varying redox conditions. Ecological Modelling, 251.246-259.
Kazmierska, A.(2015). Human impact on bacterioplankton and autotrophic picoplankton in pelagic zone of Strzeszynskie Lake(Ph.D. dissertation). Poznan:Adam Mickiewicz University, Department of Water Protection.
Kazmierska, A.,&Szelag-Wasielewska, E.(2015). Evaluation of spatial and temporal variations in the quality of water:A case study of small stream in Poland.Journal of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 6(1), 137-142.
Kentzer, A.(2001). Phosphorus and its biologically accessible fractions in bottom sediments of lakes of diverse trophic state. Torun, Poland:University Press.(in Polish).
Kleeberg, A.,&Dudel, G. E.(1997). Changes in extent of phosphorus release in a shallow lake(Lake Grosser Muggelsee; Germany, Berlin)due to climatic factors and load. Marine Geology, 139, 61-75.
Klimaszyk, P.,&Rzymski, P.(2013). Catchment vegetation can trigger lake dystrophy through changes in runoff water quality. Annales de Limnologie-International Journal of Limnology, 49, 191-197.
Klimaszyk, P., Rzymski, P., Piotrowicz, P.,&Joniak, T.(2015). Contribution of surface runoff from forested areas to the chemistry of a through-flow lake. Environmental Earth Sciences, 73, 3963-3973.
Kowalczewska-Madura, K., Dondajewska, R.,&Goldyn, R.(2008). Influence of iron treatment on phosphorus internal loading from bottom sediments of the restored lake. Limnological Review, 8(4). 177-182.
Kowalczewska-Madura, K., Dondajewska, R.,&Goldyn, R.(2011). Seasonal changes of phosphorus release from the bottom sediments of Rusalka Lake during the restoration process. Ecological Chemistry and Engineering A, 18(2), 219-224.
Kowalczewska-Madura, K.,&Goldyn, R.(2009). The internal loading of phosphorus from the sediments of Swarzedzkie Lake(Western Poland). Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 18(4), 635-643.
Kowalczewska-Madura, K., Goldyn, R.,&Dera, M.(2015). Spatial and seasonal changes of phosphorus internal loading in two lakes with different trophy.Ecological Engineering, 74, 187-195.
Kufel, L,&Kufel, I.(2002). Chara beds acting as nutrient sinks in shallow lakes-A review. Aquatic Botany, 72, 249-260.
Lake, B. A., Coolidge, K. M., Norton, S. A.,&Amirbahman, A.(2007). Factors to the internal loading of phosphorus from anoxic sediments in six Maine, USA, lakes.Science of the Total Environment, 373, 534-541.
Lijklema, L(1994). Nutrients dynamics in shallow lakes:Effects of changes in loading and role of sediment-water interactions. Hydrobiologia, 275/276,335-348.
Lorenzen, C. J.(1967). Determination of chlorophyll and phaeopigments:Spectrophotometric equations. Limnology and Oceanography, 12, 343-346.
Malmaeus, J. M.,&Rydin, E.(2006). A time-dynamic phosphorus model for the profundal sediments of Lake Erken, Sweden. Aquatic Sciences, 68, 16-27.
Mitraszewski, P.,&Uchmanski, J.(1988). A numerical model of phosphorus exchange between the sediments and the near-bottom water in a lake. Ekologia Polska. 36, 317-346.
Myslinska, E.(2001). Organic soils and laboratory methods of their analyses. Warsaw:PWN Publishers.(in Polish).
Nurnberg, G. K.(2009). Assessing internal phosphorus load-Problems to be solved. Lake and Reservoir Management, 25, 419-432.
Niirnberg, G. K., LaZerte, B. D., Loh, P. S.,&Molot, L A.(2013). Quantification of internal phosphorus load in large, partially polimictic and mesotrophic Lake Simcoe, Ontario. Journal of Great Lakes Research, 39, 271-279.
Osuch, A., Osuch. E., Podsiadlowski, S., Rybacki, P., Ratajczak, J.,&Mioduszewska, N.(2016). Ocena mozliwosci wplywu zasilania zewnetrznego na stezenie biogenow w wodzie Jeziora Strzeszynskiego[Evaluation of the influence of external nutrient loading on the concentration of nutrients in the water of Strzeszynskie Lake]. Intynieria i Ochrona Srodowiska, 19(1), 5-14.(In Polish).
Pardo, P., Lopez-Sanchez, J. F.,&Rauret, G.(2003). Relationships between phosphorus fractionation and major components in sediments using the SMT harmonized extraction procedure. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 376,248-254.
Psenner, R.(1984). Phosphorus release patterns from sediments of a meromictic lake(Piburger See, Austria). Verhandlungen des Internationale Vereinigung f(u|")r Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie, 22, 219-228.
Psenner, R., Bostrom, B., Dinka, M., Pettersson, K., Pucsko, R.,&Sager, M.(1988).Fractionation of phosphorus in suspended matter and sediment. Ergebnisse der Limnologie, 30, 98-113.
Pulyk, M.(2011). Report on the state of the environment in Wielkopolska Region in2010. Poznan:Environment Monitoring Library.(In Polish).
Pulyk, M.(2012). Report on the state of the environment in Wielkopolska Region in2011. Poznan:Environment Monitoring Library.(In Polish).
Rosner, B.(2010). Fundamentals of biostatisics((Seventh edition). Harvard University(Cenega Learning).
Sen, S., Haggard, B. E., Chaubey, I., Brye, K. R., Costello, T. A.,&Mathloch, M. D.(2007). Sediment phosphorus release at Beaver Reservoir Northwest Arkansas,USA, 2002-2003:A preliminary investigation. Water, Air Soil Pollution, 179,67-77.
Sndergaard, M., Jensen, J. P.,&Jeppesen, E.(2001). Retention and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow, eutrophic lakes. The Scientific World, 1, 427-442.
Sendergaard, M., Jensen. J. P.,&Jeppesen, E.(2003). Role of sediment and internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes. Hydrobiologia, 506-509, 135-145.
Sndergaard, M., Wolter, K. D.,&Ripl, W.(2002). Chemical treatment of water and sediments with special reference to lakes In:M. R. Perrow,&A. J. Davy(Eds.),Handbook of ecological restoration(pp. 184-205). Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
Steinman. A. D.,&Ogdahl, M. E.(2015). TMDL reevaluation:Reconciling internal phosphorus load reductions in a eutrophic lake. Lake and Reservoir Management, 31, 115-126.
Stephen, D., Moss, B.,&Philips, G.(1997). Do rooted macrophytes increase sediment phosphorus release? Hydrobiologia, 342, 27-34.
Szelag-Wasielewska, E.(2006). Trophic status of lake water evaluated using phytoplankton community structure-Change after two decades. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(1), 139-144.
Szelag-Wasielewska, E.(2007). Trophic state assessment based on late summer phytoplankton community structure:A case study for epilimnetic lake water.Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies, 36(3), 53-63.
Wang, H., Appan, A.,&Gulliver, J. S.(2003). Modelling of phosphorus dynamics in aquatic sediments:I-model development. Water Research, 37(16), 3928-3938.
Xie, P.(2006). Biological mechanisms driving the seasonal changes in the internal loading of phosphorus in shallow lakes. Science in China:Series D Earth Sciences,49, 14-27.
Zawadzki, P., Murat-Blazejewska, S.,&Blazejewski, R.(2016). Eutrophication of the Strzeszynskie Lake consequences and remedies. Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports, 21, 161-169.