基于反射地震资料探讨泥河湾盆地的新生代和中生代地层
|
摘要
查明泥河湾盆地新生界及中生界地层序列及基底的分布与赋存形态是研究泥河湾盆地形成机制的基础性工作。本研究在泥河湾盆地桑干河与壶流河交接处附近采集了四条测线的反射地震数据,通过对精细处理后的地震剖面进行详细分析,在剖面上厘定了三个具有明显强反射标志的地层,即古近系的玄武岩、侏罗系上统的含煤地层和侏罗系下统的含煤地层;其中,新近系沉积层与古近系玄武岩界面在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时为0.3~0.6s,深度范围为300~500m,而第四系泥河湾组底界由南西到北东逐渐加深,其界面深度为200~300m;侏罗系上统含煤地层在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时在0.8s上下波动,其深度约为1200m,探测出侏罗系上统顶界面的深度范围为800~1100m;侏罗系下统含煤地层在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时为1.0~1.4s,深度范围为1800~2000m,由此推测出中生界侏罗系与古生界寒武系地层分界线的深度为2000m左右;根据地震反射波阻抗差别推测出新元古界和太古界地层的分界面在地震剖面上出现的时间约为2.5s,其深度为4000m左右。本研究通过四条反射地震测线的数据基本上查明了泥河湾盆地位于探测区处第四系泥河湾组底界面的深度分布范围及起伏形态、侏罗系上统顶界面和下统底界面的大致埋深,为查明泥河湾盆地新生界及中生界地层序列提供了基础性的参考信息。
An investigation into the stratigraphic sequences of the Cenozoic and Mesozoic Eras and the depth distribution of the bottom boundary of the Quaternary strata in the Nihewan Basin was implemented.In this paper we obtained the seismic data of four seismic survey lines close to the intersection point between the Sangan River and the Huliu River.After processing the seismic data and analyzing the four seismic profiles in detail,we found three seismic reflection interfaces with strong amplitudes,which may rearesent three different sets of strata,that is,the basalt strata of the Paleogene system,the coal-bearing strata of the upper Jurassic system and the coal-bearing strata of the lower Jurassic system.We deduced the interface between the bottom boundary of the deposit layer of the Neogene period and the basalt strata of the Paleogene system in the Nihewan Basin.The two-way-travel-time of the seismic reflection interfaces in the seismic profile is located in the range from 0.3to 0.6second and the depth of it changes from 300to500 meters.The bottom boundary of the Nihewan formation varies from 200 to 300meters and it becomes deeper and deeper from the southwest to northeast along the seismic profiles.We inferred that the twoway-travel-time of the coal-bearing strata of the upper Jurassic system in the seismic profiles was around0.8second and their depth is located around 1200 meters.Hence,the depth of the top boundary of the upper Jurassic system varied from 800 to 1100meters.The two-way-travel-time of the coal-bearing strata of the lower Jurassic system in the profiles were in the range from 1.0to 1.4seconds and their depths vary from 1800 to 2000meters.Therefore,the interface between the Jurassic and Cambrian systems is located around 2000 meters in depth.According to the differences of seismic wave impedances between the strata of the Proterozoic Era and those of the Archaeozoic Era,we found their interface is located around 2.5seconds in the two-way-travel-time axis and around 4000 meters in depth.In this paper we found basically the depth distribution of the bottom boundary of the Quaternary System,the location of bottom boundaries of the upper and lower Jurassic System along the seismic profiles in the Nihewan Basin based on the seismic data of four survey lines.It provides some important information for the further study of the stratigraphic sequences of the Cenozoic and Mesozoic Eras in the Nihewan Basin.
An investigation into the stratigraphic sequences of the Cenozoic and Mesozoic Eras and the depth distribution of the bottom boundary of the Quaternary strata in the Nihewan Basin was implemented.In this paper we obtained the seismic data of four seismic survey lines close to the intersection point between the Sangan River and the Huliu River.After processing the seismic data and analyzing the four seismic profiles in detail,we found three seismic reflection interfaces with strong amplitudes,which may rearesent three different sets of strata,that is,the basalt strata of the Paleogene system,the coal-bearing strata of the upper Jurassic system and the coal-bearing strata of the lower Jurassic system.We deduced the interface between the bottom boundary of the deposit layer of the Neogene period and the basalt strata of the Paleogene system in the Nihewan Basin.The two-way-travel-time of the seismic reflection interfaces in the seismic profile is located in the range from 0.3to 0.6second and the depth of it changes from 300to500 meters.The bottom boundary of the Nihewan formation varies from 200 to 300meters and it becomes deeper and deeper from the southwest to northeast along the seismic profiles.We inferred that the twoway-travel-time of the coal-bearing strata of the upper Jurassic system in the seismic profiles was around0.8second and their depth is located around 1200 meters.Hence,the depth of the top boundary of the upper Jurassic system varied from 800 to 1100meters.The two-way-travel-time of the coal-bearing strata of the lower Jurassic system in the profiles were in the range from 1.0to 1.4seconds and their depths vary from 1800 to 2000meters.Therefore,the interface between the Jurassic and Cambrian systems is located around 2000 meters in depth.According to the differences of seismic wave impedances between the strata of the Proterozoic Era and those of the Archaeozoic Era,we found their interface is located around 2.5seconds in the two-way-travel-time axis and around 4000 meters in depth.In this paper we found basically the depth distribution of the bottom boundary of the Quaternary System,the location of bottom boundaries of the upper and lower Jurassic System along the seismic profiles in the Nihewan Basin based on the seismic data of four survey lines.It provides some important information for the further study of the stratigraphic sequences of the Cenozoic and Mesozoic Eras in the Nihewan Basin.
引文
陈兴强,迟振卿,闫臻,王永,闵隆瑞,姚培毅,董进,姚杜琳.2012.华北泥河湾盆地郝家台地区的沉积相组合特征:以台儿沟东剖面为例.地学前缘,19(4):227~238.
戴王强,韩恒悦,冯希杰,任隽,师亚芹.2010.渭河断裂窖店浅层地震与钻孔联合剖面研究.内陆地震,24(1):13~17.
冯希杰,王平.2001.立交构造与渭河盆地地震活动.西北地震学报,23(2):160~163.
冯希杰,戴王强.2004.渭河盆地断层活动的横向迁移.地震学报,26(2):174~182.
冯希杰,李晓妮,任隽,师亚芹,戴王强,王夫运,苗康运,韩恒悦.2008.渭河断裂深、中、浅和近地表显示.地震地质,30(1):264~272.
韩云生.1982.论“泥河湾层”.地层学杂志,6(2):121~127.
韩恒悦,张逸,袁志祥.2002.渭河断陷盆地带的形成演化及断块运动.地震研究,25(4):362~368.
李鼎容,彭一民,刘清泗,谢振钊,童有德.1979.北京平原区上新统---更新统的划分.地质科学,14(4):342~349.
李强,郑绍华,蔡保全.2008.泥河湾盆地上新世生物地层序列与环境.古脊椎动物学报,46(3):210~232.
闵隆瑞,迟振卿,朱关祥.2000.从井儿洼孔岩芯看阳原盆地第四纪湖相层的划分.地质学报,74(2):108-115.
闵隆瑞,迟振卿.2003.河北阳原盆地西部第四纪地质.北京:地质出版社.
闵隆瑞,张宗祜,王喜生,郑绍华,朱关祥.2006.河北阳原台儿沟剖面泥河湾组底界的确定.地层学杂志,30(2):103~108.
庞其清,谷振飞.2011.河北泥河湾盆地晚新生代介形类生物地层.微体古生物报,28(1):55~97.
彭建兵.1992.渭河断裂带的构造演化与地震活动.地震地质,14(2):113~120.
彭建兵.1993.渭河盆地边界活动断裂的分形几何特征.西安地质学报,15(1):52~60.
邱维理,刘椿,李容全.2001.泥河湾盆地井儿洼剖面磁性地层学初步研究.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),37(1):137~142.
权新昌.2005.渭河盆地断裂构造研究.中国煤田地质,17(3):1~8.
王红强,邓成龙.2004.泥河湾层磁性地层学研究回顾.地球物理学进展,19(1):26~35.
王景明.1984.渭河地堑断裂构造研究.地质论评,30(3):217~223.
王景明.1986.论汾渭裂谷.西安地质学院学报,8(3):36~48.
王全庆,裴先治.1990.渭河裂谷盆地的构造特征分析.西安地质学院学报,12(1):40~49.
谢振乾,方继安,田西堂,张保卫,王学平.1991.渭河盆地构造应力场演变及盆地形成机制分析.西安地质学院学报,13(1):46~52.
邢作云,赵斌,涂美义,邢集善.2005.汾渭裂谷系与造山带耦合关系及其形成机制研究.地学前缘,12(2):247~261.
严新民,白新峰.1991.汾渭裂谷新论.陕西地质科技情报,2:1~6.
杨晓强,李华梅.1999.泥河湾盆地典型剖面沉积物磁化率特征及其意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,19(1):75~84.
杨晓强,李华梅.2000.陆相断陷湖盆沉积物磁组构特征及环境意义---以泥河湾盆地为例.海洋地质与第四纪地质,20(3):43~52.
袁宝印,朱日祥,田文来,崔久旭,李容全,王强,严富华.1996.泥河湾组的时代地层划分和对比问题.中科学(D辑),26(1):67~73.
张宗祜,闵隆瑞,朱关祥.2003.河北省阳原台儿沟剖面泥河湾河湖相层岩石地层的划分.地质通报,22(6):379~383.
Barbour G B.1924.Preliminary observation in the Kalgan Area.Bulletin of Geological Society of China,3:167~168
Barbour G B,Licent E,Chardin P T.1927.Geological study of the deposits of the San Kan Ho Basin.Bull.Geol.Soc.China,5:263~278.
HeR Z,Shang X F,Yu C Q,Zhang H J,Hilst R D V.2014.Aunified map of Moho depth and ratio of continental China by receiver function analysis.Geophys.J.Int,199:1910~1918.
Liu S F,Zhang J F,Hong S Y,Bradley D R.2007.Early Mesozoic Basin Development and Its Response to Thrusting in the Yanshan Fold~and~Thrust Belt,China.International Geology Review,49:1025~1049.
Liu T S,Ding M L.1982.Pleistocene stratigraphy and Plio/Pleistocene boundary in China.Quaternary Geology and Environment of China.China Ocean Press,Beijing,1~6.
Zhu R X,Hoffman K A,Potts R,Deng C L,Guo B,Shi C D,Guo Z T,Yuan B Y,Hou Y M,Huang W W.2001.Earliest presence of humans in northeast Asia.Nature,413:413~417.
Zhu R X,Potts R,Xie F,Hoffman K A,Deng C L,Shi C D,Pan Y X,Wang H Q,Shi R P,Wang Y C,Shi G H,Wu N Q.2004.New evidence on the earliest human presence at high northern latitudes in northeast Asia.Nature,431:559~562.
戴王强,韩恒悦,冯希杰,任隽,师亚芹.2010.渭河断裂窖店浅层地震与钻孔联合剖面研究.内陆地震,24(1):13~17.
冯希杰,王平.2001.立交构造与渭河盆地地震活动.西北地震学报,23(2):160~163.
冯希杰,戴王强.2004.渭河盆地断层活动的横向迁移.地震学报,26(2):174~182.
冯希杰,李晓妮,任隽,师亚芹,戴王强,王夫运,苗康运,韩恒悦.2008.渭河断裂深、中、浅和近地表显示.地震地质,30(1):264~272.
韩云生.1982.论“泥河湾层”.地层学杂志,6(2):121~127.
韩恒悦,张逸,袁志祥.2002.渭河断陷盆地带的形成演化及断块运动.地震研究,25(4):362~368.
李鼎容,彭一民,刘清泗,谢振钊,童有德.1979.北京平原区上新统---更新统的划分.地质科学,14(4):342~349.
李强,郑绍华,蔡保全.2008.泥河湾盆地上新世生物地层序列与环境.古脊椎动物学报,46(3):210~232.
闵隆瑞,迟振卿,朱关祥.2000.从井儿洼孔岩芯看阳原盆地第四纪湖相层的划分.地质学报,74(2):108-115.
闵隆瑞,迟振卿.2003.河北阳原盆地西部第四纪地质.北京:地质出版社.
闵隆瑞,张宗祜,王喜生,郑绍华,朱关祥.2006.河北阳原台儿沟剖面泥河湾组底界的确定.地层学杂志,30(2):103~108.
庞其清,谷振飞.2011.河北泥河湾盆地晚新生代介形类生物地层.微体古生物报,28(1):55~97.
彭建兵.1992.渭河断裂带的构造演化与地震活动.地震地质,14(2):113~120.
彭建兵.1993.渭河盆地边界活动断裂的分形几何特征.西安地质学报,15(1):52~60.
邱维理,刘椿,李容全.2001.泥河湾盆地井儿洼剖面磁性地层学初步研究.北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),37(1):137~142.
权新昌.2005.渭河盆地断裂构造研究.中国煤田地质,17(3):1~8.
王红强,邓成龙.2004.泥河湾层磁性地层学研究回顾.地球物理学进展,19(1):26~35.
王景明.1984.渭河地堑断裂构造研究.地质论评,30(3):217~223.
王景明.1986.论汾渭裂谷.西安地质学院学报,8(3):36~48.
王全庆,裴先治.1990.渭河裂谷盆地的构造特征分析.西安地质学院学报,12(1):40~49.
谢振乾,方继安,田西堂,张保卫,王学平.1991.渭河盆地构造应力场演变及盆地形成机制分析.西安地质学院学报,13(1):46~52.
邢作云,赵斌,涂美义,邢集善.2005.汾渭裂谷系与造山带耦合关系及其形成机制研究.地学前缘,12(2):247~261.
严新民,白新峰.1991.汾渭裂谷新论.陕西地质科技情报,2:1~6.
杨晓强,李华梅.1999.泥河湾盆地典型剖面沉积物磁化率特征及其意义.海洋地质与第四纪地质,19(1):75~84.
杨晓强,李华梅.2000.陆相断陷湖盆沉积物磁组构特征及环境意义---以泥河湾盆地为例.海洋地质与第四纪地质,20(3):43~52.
袁宝印,朱日祥,田文来,崔久旭,李容全,王强,严富华.1996.泥河湾组的时代地层划分和对比问题.中科学(D辑),26(1):67~73.
张宗祜,闵隆瑞,朱关祥.2003.河北省阳原台儿沟剖面泥河湾河湖相层岩石地层的划分.地质通报,22(6):379~383.
Barbour G B.1924.Preliminary observation in the Kalgan Area.Bulletin of Geological Society of China,3:167~168
Barbour G B,Licent E,Chardin P T.1927.Geological study of the deposits of the San Kan Ho Basin.Bull.Geol.Soc.China,5:263~278.
HeR Z,Shang X F,Yu C Q,Zhang H J,Hilst R D V.2014.Aunified map of Moho depth and ratio of continental China by receiver function analysis.Geophys.J.Int,199:1910~1918.
Liu S F,Zhang J F,Hong S Y,Bradley D R.2007.Early Mesozoic Basin Development and Its Response to Thrusting in the Yanshan Fold~and~Thrust Belt,China.International Geology Review,49:1025~1049.
Liu T S,Ding M L.1982.Pleistocene stratigraphy and Plio/Pleistocene boundary in China.Quaternary Geology and Environment of China.China Ocean Press,Beijing,1~6.
Zhu R X,Hoffman K A,Potts R,Deng C L,Guo B,Shi C D,Guo Z T,Yuan B Y,Hou Y M,Huang W W.2001.Earliest presence of humans in northeast Asia.Nature,413:413~417.
Zhu R X,Potts R,Xie F,Hoffman K A,Deng C L,Shi C D,Pan Y X,Wang H Q,Shi R P,Wang Y C,Shi G H,Wu N Q.2004.New evidence on the earliest human presence at high northern latitudes in northeast Asia.Nature,431:559~562.