巢湖水体可溶态重金属时空分布及污染评价
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摘要
为了解巢湖水体中可溶态重金属时空分布特征及污染水平,在不同季节对巢湖水体进行了网格化样品采集,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱ICP-OES(ICAP6000 series)测试了水样中可溶态重金属As、Hg、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni和Co的质量浓度,研究了可溶态重金属的时空分布特征,并采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法对巢湖水体环境质量进行了评价.结果表明,巢湖可溶态As、Cd、Pb和Cr符合《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)中Ⅰ类水质标准,Cu和Zn为Ⅰ~Ⅱ类,Hg为Ⅰ~Ⅲ类,Ni和Co质量浓度远低于标准限值;不同元素质量浓度存在明显的时空差异,Cu、Zn和Ni在夏季最高,Pb和Cr在秋季最高,Co在春季最高;西部湖区尤其是西北部湖区元素平均质量浓度在秋季、冬季和夏季高于中部和东部湖区;元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr和Ni之间呈显著的正相关,可能具有一定的同源性;元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni和Co单因子污染指数和综合污染指数均远小于1,为清洁和无污染水平;全年西湖区综合污染指数最高,各湖区元素综合污染指数丰水期>平水期>枯水期.
Surface water samples were collected in different seasons from Chaohu Lake to determine the concentrations and potential environmental impacts of nine dissolved heavy metals( As,Hg,Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni,and Co). The concentrations of the selected heavy metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry( ICP-OES,ICAP6000 series).The single pollution index method and integrated pollution index method were used to evaluate the potential environmental impacts. The results indicated that the contents of dissolved As,Cd,Pb,and Cr in Chaohu Lake were lower than the limitations of GradeⅠof the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water( GB 3838-2002),while Cu and Zn were within the limitations of GradeⅠ-Ⅱ and Hg was within the limitations of Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ. The contents of Ni and Co were far below the limitations. The concentrations of the selected heavy metals( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni,and Co) varied among seasons and areas. Elevated concentrations of Cu,Zn,and Ni were found in summer,while elevated contents of Pb,Cr,and Co were found in autumn,autumn,and spring,respectively. Trace elements in the western part of Chaohu Lake( especially in the northwestern part) were higher than those in the middle and eastern parts for autumn,winter,and summer. Significant positive correlations were found among Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,and Ni in the surface water,suggesting that these elements may derive from similar sources. The values of both the single factor pollution index and integrated pollution index of the selected elements in the surface water were far less than 1,suggesting that the environmental impacts could be regarded as negligible. The integrated pollution indices in the western part of the lake were higher than those of the middle and eastern parts on a one-year timescale,and the integrated pollution indices in each lake area followed a pattern of wet season( summer)> normal season( spring and autumn) > dry season( winter).
Surface water samples were collected in different seasons from Chaohu Lake to determine the concentrations and potential environmental impacts of nine dissolved heavy metals( As,Hg,Cd,Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni,and Co). The concentrations of the selected heavy metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry( ICP-OES,ICAP6000 series).The single pollution index method and integrated pollution index method were used to evaluate the potential environmental impacts. The results indicated that the contents of dissolved As,Cd,Pb,and Cr in Chaohu Lake were lower than the limitations of GradeⅠof the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water( GB 3838-2002),while Cu and Zn were within the limitations of GradeⅠ-Ⅱ and Hg was within the limitations of Grade Ⅰ-Ⅲ. The contents of Ni and Co were far below the limitations. The concentrations of the selected heavy metals( Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni,and Co) varied among seasons and areas. Elevated concentrations of Cu,Zn,and Ni were found in summer,while elevated contents of Pb,Cr,and Co were found in autumn,autumn,and spring,respectively. Trace elements in the western part of Chaohu Lake( especially in the northwestern part) were higher than those in the middle and eastern parts for autumn,winter,and summer. Significant positive correlations were found among Cu,Pb,Zn,Cr,and Ni in the surface water,suggesting that these elements may derive from similar sources. The values of both the single factor pollution index and integrated pollution index of the selected elements in the surface water were far less than 1,suggesting that the environmental impacts could be regarded as negligible. The integrated pollution indices in the western part of the lake were higher than those of the middle and eastern parts on a one-year timescale,and the integrated pollution indices in each lake area followed a pattern of wet season( summer)> normal season( spring and autumn) > dry season( winter).
引文
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