基于AERSCREEN模式的山西省焦化企业苯并[a]芘防护距离估算及影响分析
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摘要
以2012年山西省焦化企业为研究对象,采用AERSCREEN模式估算了249个焦化企业的苯并[a]芘(BAP)防护距离,并结合舆情数据分析了焦化企业BAP排放对周边人群的影响。结果显示,山西省11个地级市都有焦化企业分布,主要集中在中部和西南部地区,其中运城市焦化企业数最多、吕梁市BAP年排放量最大、太原市舆情条数最多。山西省土地总面积为15.98万km~2,其中焦化企业BAP防护距离内面积为1.79万km~2,占比为11.20%,其中太原市、临汾市、长治市、晋中市和吕梁市5个地级市的BAP防护距离内面积占比超过平均水平。舆情点位及条数不仅与本地焦化企业(包括BAP年排放量和BAP防护距离)分布有关,而且还与人群的环保意识以及周边地区的焦化企业(包括BAP年排放量和BAP防护距离)分布有关。此外,还对结果的不确定性进行了讨论。
Coking plants were studied in Shanxi Province in 2012.Benzo[a]pyrene(BAP)protection distance was estimated for 249 coking plants based on AERSCREEN model.The impacts on peripheral people by coking plants BAP emission were analyzed associated with public opinion data.Results showed that 11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province all had coking plants,converged in the central and southwestern parts.Yuncheng City had the most coking plants,Lyuliang City owned the most BAP annual emission,and Taiyuan City had most public opinion records.The total land area of Shanxi Province was 159 800 km2.The land area in BAP protection distance covered 17 900 km2,accounting for 11.20%.The percentage of land area in BAP protection distance to total land area of Taiyuan City,Linfen City,Changzhi City,Jinzhong City and Lyuliang City exceeded mean level.Public opinion records and occurrence locations were associated with not only local coking plants(including BAP annual emission and BAP protection distance)distribution,but also people's environmental protection awareness and peripheral coking plants(including BAP annual emission and BAP protection distance)distribution.Besides,the uncertainty of the results was discussed.
Coking plants were studied in Shanxi Province in 2012.Benzo[a]pyrene(BAP)protection distance was estimated for 249 coking plants based on AERSCREEN model.The impacts on peripheral people by coking plants BAP emission were analyzed associated with public opinion data.Results showed that 11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province all had coking plants,converged in the central and southwestern parts.Yuncheng City had the most coking plants,Lyuliang City owned the most BAP annual emission,and Taiyuan City had most public opinion records.The total land area of Shanxi Province was 159 800 km2.The land area in BAP protection distance covered 17 900 km2,accounting for 11.20%.The percentage of land area in BAP protection distance to total land area of Taiyuan City,Linfen City,Changzhi City,Jinzhong City and Lyuliang City exceeded mean level.Public opinion records and occurrence locations were associated with not only local coking plants(including BAP annual emission and BAP protection distance)distribution,but also people's environmental protection awareness and peripheral coking plants(including BAP annual emission and BAP protection distance)distribution.Besides,the uncertainty of the results was discussed.
引文
[1]山西省经济和信息化委员会.山西省经济和信息化委员会关于印发《山西省“十三五”焦化工业发展规划》的通知[EB/OL].[2017-06-15].http://www.xzsjxw.gov.cn/threeAction!skip?typeId=127,124,155&id=1776&id1=6&id2=7.
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[4]赵静波,姬亚芹,单春艳,等.鞍山市城区夏季PM2.5中多环芳烃组成特征及来源解析[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(11):72-75.
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[8]郝天,杜鹏飞,杜斌,等.基于USEtox的焦化行业优先污染物筛选排序研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):304-312.
[9]伯鑫,王刚,温柔,等.焦炉排放多环芳烃与人体健康风险评价研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2742-2747.
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[13]WANG Y,XU Y,CHEN Y,et al.Influence of different types of coals and stoves on the emissions of parent and oxygenated PAHs from residential coal combustion in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,212(14):1-8.
[14]海婷婷,陈颖军,王艳,等.民用燃煤源中多环芳烃排放因子实测及其影响因素研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2533-2538.
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[18]孟川平,杨凌霄,董灿,等.济南冬春季室内空气PM2.5中多环芳烃污染特征及健康风险评价[J].环境化学,2013,32(5):719-725.
[19]SHAKERI A,MADADI M,MEHRABI B.Health risk assessment and source apportionment of PAHs in industrial and bitumen contaminated soils of Kermanshah province,NW Iran[J].Toxicology&Environmental Health Sciences,2016,8(3):201-212.
[20]王栋成,王静,曹洁,等.大气环境防护距离与卫生防护距离确定技术方法对比研究[J].气象与环境学报,2009,25(4):66-71.
[21]伯鑫,丁峰,刘梦.AERSCREEN计算大气环境防护距离方法对比研究[J].环境工程,2012,30(增刊):554-556.
[22]伯鑫,张玲,刘梦,等.复杂地形下确定钢铁联合企业防护距离研究[J].环境工程,2011,29(增刊):298-302.
[23]姜胜洪.网络舆情热点的形成与发展、现状及舆论引导[J].理论月刊,2008(4):34-36.
[24]王晰巍,邢云菲,赵丹,等.基于社会网络分析的移动环境下网络舆情信息传播研究——以新浪微博“雾霾”话题为例[J].图书情报工作,2015,59(7):14-22.
[25]蔡博峰,王金南,龙瀛,等.中国垃圾填埋场恶臭影响人口和人群活动研究[J].环境工程,2016,34(2):5-9.
[26]伯鑫,傅银银,丁峰,等.新一代大气污染估算模式AERSCREEN对比分析研究[J].环境工程,2012,30(5):71-76.
[27]王振宇.山西省炼焦煤资源与利用[J].洁净煤技术,2006(2):14-16.
[2]山西省经济和信息化委员会.山西省传统优势产业三年推进计划(2015—2017年)[EB/OL].[2017-06-11].http://www.sxsgsylhh.org/policy/1663.htm.
[3]LIU X.Characteristics of organic carbon and elemental carbon in the ambient air of coking plant[J].Aerosol&Air Quality Research,2015,15(4):1485-1493.
[4]赵静波,姬亚芹,单春艳,等.鞍山市城区夏季PM2.5中多环芳烃组成特征及来源解析[J].环境污染与防治,2015,37(11):72-75.
[5]MU L,PENG L,CAO J,et al.Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from coking industries in China[J].Particuology,2013,11(1):86-93.
[6]LIU X,LIN P,BAI H,et al.Occurrence and particle-size distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the ambient air of coking plant[J].Environmental Geochemistry&Health,2014,36(3):531-542.
[7]董继元,刘兴荣,张本忠,等.上海市居民暴露于多环芳烃的健康风险评价[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(1):126-132.
[8]郝天,杜鹏飞,杜斌,等.基于USEtox的焦化行业优先污染物筛选排序研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(1):304-312.
[9]伯鑫,王刚,温柔,等.焦炉排放多环芳烃与人体健康风险评价研究[J].环境科学,2014,35(7):2742-2747.
[10]DENISSENKO M F,PAO A,TANG M,et al.Preferential formation of benzo[a]pyrene adducts at lung cancer mutational hotspots in P53[J].Science,1996,274(5286):430-432.
[11]HATTEMER F H,TRAVIS C C.Benzo-a-pyrene:environmental partitioning and human exposure[J].Toxicology and Industrial Health,1991,7(3):141-157.
[12]CAO S,DUAN X,ZHAO X,et al.Health risks from the exposure of children to As,Se,Pb and other heavy metals near the largest coking plant in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2014,472(1):1001-1009.
[13]WANG Y,XU Y,CHEN Y,et al.Influence of different types of coals and stoves on the emissions of parent and oxygenated PAHs from residential coal combustion in China[J].Environmental Pollution,2016,212(14):1-8.
[14]海婷婷,陈颖军,王艳,等.民用燃煤源中多环芳烃排放因子实测及其影响因素研究[J].环境科学,2013,34(7):2533-2538.
[15]蒋秋静,李跃宇,胡新新,等.太原市多环芳烃(PAHs)排放清单与分布特征分析[J].中国环境科学,2013,33(1):14-20.
[16]PROGRAMME U N E O,ORGANIZATION I L,HEALTH W.Environmental health criteria 202[EB/OL].[2017-06-15].http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc202.htm#SectionNumber:1.1.
[17]姚渭溪,曹学丽,徐晓白.工业型煤燃烧烟气排放苯并(a)芘的评价[J].环境污染与防治,1992,14(5):27-30.
[18]孟川平,杨凌霄,董灿,等.济南冬春季室内空气PM2.5中多环芳烃污染特征及健康风险评价[J].环境化学,2013,32(5):719-725.
[19]SHAKERI A,MADADI M,MEHRABI B.Health risk assessment and source apportionment of PAHs in industrial and bitumen contaminated soils of Kermanshah province,NW Iran[J].Toxicology&Environmental Health Sciences,2016,8(3):201-212.
[20]王栋成,王静,曹洁,等.大气环境防护距离与卫生防护距离确定技术方法对比研究[J].气象与环境学报,2009,25(4):66-71.
[21]伯鑫,丁峰,刘梦.AERSCREEN计算大气环境防护距离方法对比研究[J].环境工程,2012,30(增刊):554-556.
[22]伯鑫,张玲,刘梦,等.复杂地形下确定钢铁联合企业防护距离研究[J].环境工程,2011,29(增刊):298-302.
[23]姜胜洪.网络舆情热点的形成与发展、现状及舆论引导[J].理论月刊,2008(4):34-36.
[24]王晰巍,邢云菲,赵丹,等.基于社会网络分析的移动环境下网络舆情信息传播研究——以新浪微博“雾霾”话题为例[J].图书情报工作,2015,59(7):14-22.
[25]蔡博峰,王金南,龙瀛,等.中国垃圾填埋场恶臭影响人口和人群活动研究[J].环境工程,2016,34(2):5-9.
[26]伯鑫,傅银银,丁峰,等.新一代大气污染估算模式AERSCREEN对比分析研究[J].环境工程,2012,30(5):71-76.
[27]王振宇.山西省炼焦煤资源与利用[J].洁净煤技术,2006(2):14-16.