移动式多基线能见度测试系统及其测量方法
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摘要
针对单基线能见度测量设备采样体积单一、受噪声影响大的缺点,设计搭建了一套移动式可变基线能见度测试系统.该系统由发射、接收、移动以及信号处理四个模块组成,以532nm激光作为发射光源,通过置于滑动轨道上的小车移动定点接收发射信号实现多基线测量,然后采用时间平均结合最小二乘法对初始信号进行处理获得最终大气能见度.系统采用单端移动接收采样法,可从理论上消除光学污染误差.理论分析了该设备的测量方差及基线采样点模型,并对系统进行加噪声模拟实验,证明了其抗噪声能力;最后在真实大气环境下对设备进行检验,通过与实际数据对比证明其可靠性.
In order to solve the problems that the single-baseline transmissometer is a single sampling volume device and effected by noise seriously,a mobile variable baselines visibility detection device is designed and produced.Four modules of emission,receiver,transfer and processor constitute the entire system.The emission sources is 532 nm laser.The trolley is set on the sliding track,receiving the signals in a state of continuous movement.Applying this approach,the multiple baseline visibility detection is realized.Then,the time averaging combing with least squares method is employed to compute the ultimate atmosphere visibility.This equipment only makes the use of single receiver to operate,which can eliminate the error caused by the optical system contamination in theory.By the error theoretical analysis,the detection variance and baseline sampling points models on the proposed system are exhibited,and the anti-noise performance is proved through adding noise simulations on the system.Finally,the entire device is tested in the real atmosphere,it is turned to be reliable by comparing the actual data.
In order to solve the problems that the single-baseline transmissometer is a single sampling volume device and effected by noise seriously,a mobile variable baselines visibility detection device is designed and produced.Four modules of emission,receiver,transfer and processor constitute the entire system.The emission sources is 532 nm laser.The trolley is set on the sliding track,receiving the signals in a state of continuous movement.Applying this approach,the multiple baseline visibility detection is realized.Then,the time averaging combing with least squares method is employed to compute the ultimate atmosphere visibility.This equipment only makes the use of single receiver to operate,which can eliminate the error caused by the optical system contamination in theory.By the error theoretical analysis,the detection variance and baseline sampling points models on the proposed system are exhibited,and the anti-noise performance is proved through adding noise simulations on the system.Finally,the entire device is tested in the real atmosphere,it is turned to be reliable by comparing the actual data.
引文
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[17]RAO Rui-zhong.Vision through atmosphere and atmospheric visibility[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,20(9):2486-2492.饶瑞中.大气中的视觉和大气能见度[J].光学学报,2010,20(9):2486-2492.
[18]LIU Min,WANG Hong-xing,WANG Qian,et al.A revision model of the calculation of atmospheric attenuation in water fogs weather[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2011,38(10):101-105.刘敏,王红星,王倩,等.雨雾共存天气下大气衰减计算的修正模型[J].中国激光,2011,38(10):101-105.
[19]ROBERTO N.Empirical relationships between extinction coefficient and visibility in fog[J].Applied Optics,2005,44(18):3795-3804.
[20]GRABNER M,KVICERA V.Multiple scattering in rain and fog on free-space optical links[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2014,32(3):513-520.
[21]BURAS R,MAYER B.Efficient unbiased variance reduction techniques for Monte Carlo simulations of radiative transfer in cloudy atmospheres:the solution[J].Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,2011,112(3):434-447.
[22]KOSCHMIEDER H.Theorie der horizontalen sichitweite[J].Beitrage zur Physik der freien Atmosphere,1924,12:33-53.
[23]REN Hong-guang,YU Hai-shan,HUO Li-jun.Extinction characteristic of laser transmitted in fog[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2015,44(11):1101001.任宏光,于海山,霍力君.激光在云雾中传输的消光特性[J].光子学报,2015,44(11):1101001.
[2]XING Xiang-nan,CUI Yan-mei,ZHANG Fu-gen,et al.Summary of present situation and development trend of visibility measurementtechnology[J].Metrology and Measurement Technology,2010,30(5):15-20.刑向楠,崔岩梅,张富根,等.能见度测量技术现状及发展趋势综述[J].计测技术,2010,30(5):15-20.
[3]DONG Li-li,SHI Na,ZHANG Li-dong,et al.Influence of tunnel lighting brightness on visibility under low transmittance[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(2):0222002.董丽丽,石娜,张立东,等.低透过率下隧道照明亮度对能加度的影响[J].光子学报,2017,46(2):0222002.
[4]LI Zhi-qian,ZHANG Zhi-wei,CHENG Wen,et al.Research progress of observation of visibility at sea[J].Process Automation Instrumentation,2015,36(10):33-36.李志乾,张志伟,成文,等.海上能见度观测研究进展[J].自动化仪表,2015,36(10):33-36.
[5]ZHANG Jian,ZHANG Guo-yu,ZHANG Jian-liang,et al.Opoitcal system error analysis for standard scattering plate calibration systemused in calibration visibility meter[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2017,46(2):0229002.张建,张国玉,张建良,等.用于校准能见度仪的标准散射体定标系统中光学系统的误差分析[J].光子学报,2017,46(2):0229002.
[6]ZHUANG Zi-bo,HUANG Wei,FU Chao.Portable visibility detector based on backward scattering lidar[J].Laser Technology,2015,39(1):119-123.庄子波,黄炜,符超.后向散射式小型激光雷达能见度仪探测研究[J].激光技术,2015,39(1):119-123.
[7]WANG Min,ZHANG Shi-guo,WANG Wei,et al.Comparison between indicating values of multiple forward scattering visibility meters and their calibration methods[J].Meteorological Science and Technology,45(2):217-222.王敏,张世国,汪玮,等.前向散射式能见度仪示值对比及标定方法研究[J].气象科技,45(2):217-222.
[8]ALEXANDEROS P,ALEXANDROS P,GEORGIOS G.Lidar algorithms for atmospheric slant range visibility,meteorological conditions detection,and atmospheric layering measurements[J].Applied Optics.56(23):6440-6448.
[9]PENG P,LI C.Visibility measurements using two-angle forward scattering by liquid droplets[J].Applied Optics,55(15):3903-3908.
[10]XIONG Xing-long,LIU Chun-yuan,JIANG Li-hui,et al.Effects of multiple scattering on visibility measurement error of laser-transmissometer[J].Journal of Optoelectronics Laser,2015,26(10):2037-2044.熊兴隆,刘春媛,蒋立辉,等.多次散射影响下激光大气透射仪测量误差研究[J].光电子激光,2015,26(10):2037-2044.
[11]CHEN Xiong-ting,LU Chang-hua,ZHANG Yu-jun,et al.Design of daytime visibility algorithm for digital camera visibility instrument[J].Journal of Eelectronic Measurement and Instrument,2013,27(4):353-358.陈晓婷,鲁昌华,张玉均,等.数字摄像能见度仪的白天能见度算法设计[J].电子测量与仪器学报,2013,27(4):353-358.
[12]WANG Jing-li,LIU Xu-lin,LEI Ming,et al.Digital photography visiometer system and comparative experiment[J].Acta Eelectronica Sinica.2014,42(11):2299-2302.王京丽,刘旭林,雷鸣等.数字摄像能见度系统及其对比实验[J].电子学报,2014,42(11):2299-2302.
[13]TANG F,MA S,YANG L,et al.A new visibility measurement system based on a black target and a comparative trial with visibility instruments[J].Atmospheric Environment.143(2016):229-236.
[14]DU K,WANG K,SHI P.Quantification of atmospheric visibility with dual digital cameras during daytime and nighttime[J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques.2013,6(8):2121-2130.
[15]DU Chuan-yao,MA Qing-shu,YANG Ling,et al.Dual optical path visibility system measuring method and experiment[J].Journal of Applied Mmeteorological Science,2014,25(5):610-617.杜传耀,马舒庆,杨玲,等.双光路能见度测量方法和试验,应用气象学报,2014,25(5):610-617.
[16]TIAN Li,LU Huai-yi,GUI Hua-qiao,et al.Investigation on one-terminal transmission visibility meter based on using corner reflector[J].Journal of Atmospheric and Environmental Optics,2011,6(5):390-397田林,陆艺怀,桂华侨,等.基于角反射器的单端透射式能见度仪的研究[J].大气与环境光学学报,6(5):390-397.
[17]RAO Rui-zhong.Vision through atmosphere and atmospheric visibility[J].Acta Optica Sinica,2010,20(9):2486-2492.饶瑞中.大气中的视觉和大气能见度[J].光学学报,2010,20(9):2486-2492.
[18]LIU Min,WANG Hong-xing,WANG Qian,et al.A revision model of the calculation of atmospheric attenuation in water fogs weather[J].Chinese Journal of Lasers,2011,38(10):101-105.刘敏,王红星,王倩,等.雨雾共存天气下大气衰减计算的修正模型[J].中国激光,2011,38(10):101-105.
[19]ROBERTO N.Empirical relationships between extinction coefficient and visibility in fog[J].Applied Optics,2005,44(18):3795-3804.
[20]GRABNER M,KVICERA V.Multiple scattering in rain and fog on free-space optical links[J].Journal of Lightwave Technology,2014,32(3):513-520.
[21]BURAS R,MAYER B.Efficient unbiased variance reduction techniques for Monte Carlo simulations of radiative transfer in cloudy atmospheres:the solution[J].Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer,2011,112(3):434-447.
[22]KOSCHMIEDER H.Theorie der horizontalen sichitweite[J].Beitrage zur Physik der freien Atmosphere,1924,12:33-53.
[23]REN Hong-guang,YU Hai-shan,HUO Li-jun.Extinction characteristic of laser transmitted in fog[J].Acta Photonica Sinica,2015,44(11):1101001.任宏光,于海山,霍力君.激光在云雾中传输的消光特性[J].光子学报,2015,44(11):1101001.