棘孢木霉组合应用对杨树生长和光合特性影响
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摘要
为研制复方棘孢木霉菌肥制剂,在大田条件下将等浓度(5×10~3cfu·cm~(-3)土)不同组合的棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)分生孢子T1(Ta536+Ta4)、T2(Ta536+Ta4+Ta492)和T3(Ta536+Ta4+Ta492+Ta650)根施山新杨(Populus davidiana×P.alba var.Pyramidalis)组培移栽苗,研究棘孢木霉组合施用对山新杨生长及光合特性的影响。方差分析结果表明,诱导时间和不同处理对苗高、地径、叶绿素含量、叶绿素a/b值、P_n、Cond、C_i和T_r均有显著影响(P<0.05):处理组的山新杨苗高、地径及干物质量均在不同程度上高于对照组(CK),作用效果为T3>T2>T1>CK;60 d时,T3、T2和T1组杨树苗生物量分别比CK增加17.99%、14.28%和10.54%;15 d时叶绿素含量比CK分别提高7.79%,6.91%和4.17%;叶绿素a/b值分别比CK提高7.79%、5.84%和4.73%。此外,处理组净光合速率(P_n)、胞间CO_2浓度(C_i)、气孔导度(Cond)、蒸腾速率(T_r)均高于CK,并且处理组的最大净光合速率、表观量子效率以及光饱和点均高于CK。同时,诱导时间和不同处理的交互作用对检测的多数指标(除P_n和C_i外)均具有显著影响(P<0.05)。说明4个棘孢木霉菌株组合施用具有协同作用,能提高菌株对环境条件的适应性,增强促生长和改善光合的作用效果。并且T3组对山新杨苗的影响最大、作用速度最快。
In order to prepare compound fungi fertilizer of Trichoderma asperellum,we studied the effects of T.asperellum combined application on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Populus davidiana×P.alba var.pyramidlis(Shanxin poplar)by applying the concentration(5×10~3cfu·cm~(-3)soil)with different combinations of T.asperellum conidia T1(Ta536+Ta4),T2(Ta536+Ta4+Ta492)and T3(Ta536+Ta4+Ta492+Ta650)to roots of the tissue-cultured Shanxin poplar seedlings under field conditions.Analysis of variance showed that the induction time and different treatments had significant effects on height,basal stem,chlorophyll content,chlorophyll a/b value,P_n,Cond,C_iand T_r(P<0.05):the seedling heights,basal stems and dry weights of the treatment groups were higher than those of control group(CK)in different degree,and the effect was T3>T2>T1>CK;the biomass of poplar seedlings of T3,T2 and T1 separately increased17.99%、14.28%and 10.54%compared with CK at 60 d;at 15 d,chlorophyll contents separately increased7.79%,6.91%and 4.17%and chlorophyll a/b values separately increased 7.79%,5.84%and 4.73%compared with CK.In addition,the net photosynthetic rate(P_n),intercellular CO_2concentration(C_i),stomatal conductance(Cond)and transpiration rate(T_r)of the treatment were higher than those of CK,and the maximum net photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficiency and light saturation point of the treatment groups were higher than those of CK(P<0.05).At the same time,the interaction between the inducing durations and the different treatments levels of T.asperellum also significantly influenced the above indexes(except for P_nand C_i)(P<0.05).In brief,combination of 4 strains had synergistic effects that can enhance the adaptability of these strains to environment,promote growth and improve photosynthesis characteristics,and the T3 group has the biggest influence and the fastest action on the poplar seedlings.
In order to prepare compound fungi fertilizer of Trichoderma asperellum,we studied the effects of T.asperellum combined application on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Populus davidiana×P.alba var.pyramidlis(Shanxin poplar)by applying the concentration(5×10~3cfu·cm~(-3)soil)with different combinations of T.asperellum conidia T1(Ta536+Ta4),T2(Ta536+Ta4+Ta492)and T3(Ta536+Ta4+Ta492+Ta650)to roots of the tissue-cultured Shanxin poplar seedlings under field conditions.Analysis of variance showed that the induction time and different treatments had significant effects on height,basal stem,chlorophyll content,chlorophyll a/b value,P_n,Cond,C_iand T_r(P<0.05):the seedling heights,basal stems and dry weights of the treatment groups were higher than those of control group(CK)in different degree,and the effect was T3>T2>T1>CK;the biomass of poplar seedlings of T3,T2 and T1 separately increased17.99%、14.28%and 10.54%compared with CK at 60 d;at 15 d,chlorophyll contents separately increased7.79%,6.91%and 4.17%and chlorophyll a/b values separately increased 7.79%,5.84%and 4.73%compared with CK.In addition,the net photosynthetic rate(P_n),intercellular CO_2concentration(C_i),stomatal conductance(Cond)and transpiration rate(T_r)of the treatment were higher than those of CK,and the maximum net photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficiency and light saturation point of the treatment groups were higher than those of CK(P<0.05).At the same time,the interaction between the inducing durations and the different treatments levels of T.asperellum also significantly influenced the above indexes(except for P_nand C_i)(P<0.05).In brief,combination of 4 strains had synergistic effects that can enhance the adaptability of these strains to environment,promote growth and improve photosynthesis characteristics,and the T3 group has the biggest influence and the fastest action on the poplar seedlings.
引文
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2 .尹大川,杨立宾,邓勋,等.绿木霉对樟子松苗木生长指标及生理生化指标的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2015,37(1):78-83.Yin D C,Yang L B,Deng X,et al.How Trichoderma virens affects growth indicators,physiological and biochemical parameters of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica seedlings[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2015,37(1):78-83.
3 .张树武,徐秉良,程玲娟,等.深绿木霉对白三叶草促生作用及生理生化特性的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(2):161-167.Zhang S W,Xu B L,Cheng L J,et al.Effects of Trichoderma aureoviride fermentation on the growth and physiological characteristics of Trifolium repens[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(2):161-167.
4 .陈建爱,王未名,刘益同.生物复合肥木霉T1010对花生生长的影响[J].花生学报,2008,37(3):29-32.Chen J A,Wang W M,Liu Y T.Effect of Trichoderma aureviride T1010 Compound Fertilizer on Growth of Peanut[J].Journal of Peanut Science,2008,37(3):29-32.
5 .Chang Y C,Baker R,et al.Increased growth of plants in the presence of the biological control agent Trichoderma harzianum[J].Plant Disease,1986,70(2):145-148.
6 .陆宁海,吴利民,田雪亮,等.哈茨木霉RT-12对黄瓜幼苗促生作用的机理[J].江苏农业学报,2007,23(3):254-255.Liu N H,Wu L M,Tian X L,et al.Mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum RT-12 on Cucumber Seedling Growth[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2007,23(3):254-255.
7 .梁志怀,魏林,郑明福,等.哈茨木霉发酵产物对豇豆产量和品质的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2005(5):38-40,43.Liang Z H,Wei L,Zheng M F,et al.Effects of the Fermentation Filtrate of Trichoderma harzianum on Yield and Quality of Cowpea[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2005(5):38-40,43.
8 .Lorito M,Woo S L,Harman G E,et al.Translational Research on Trichoderma:From‘Omics to the Field[J].Annual Review of Phytopathology,2010,48(1):395.
9 .Yedidia I,Benhamou N,Chet II.Induction of Defense Responses in Cucumber Plants(Cucumis sativus L.)by the Biocontrol Agent Trichoderma harzianum[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1999,65(3):1061-1070.
10 .Martínez-Medina A,Del Mar Alguacil M,Pascual J A,et al.Phytohormone Profiles Induced by Trichoderma Isolates Correspond with Their Biocontrol and Plant Growth-Promoting Activity on Melon Plants[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,2014,40(7):804-815.
11 .Harman Gary.Myths and Dogmas of Biocontrol Changes in Perceptions Derived from Research on Trichoderma harzinum T-22[J].Plant Disease,2000,84(4):377-393.
12 .张量,张敬泽.渐绿木霉抑菌物质的分离纯化及其对植物病原菌的抑制作用[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(5):882-888.Zhang L,Zhang J Z.Isolation and Purification of Active Compound from Trichoderma viridescens and Its Inhibitory Activities Against Phytopathogens[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(5):882-888.
13 .陈方新,齐永霞,戴庆怀,等.哈茨木霉对几种植物病原真菌的拮抗作用及其抗药性测定[J].中国农学通报,2005,21(11):314-317.Chen F X,Qi Y X,Dai Q H,et al.In-lab determination of antagonism against several plant pathogenic fungi and resistance to fungicides of Trichoderma harzianum[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2005,21(11):314-317.
14 .吕曼曼,刘志华,王慧,等.棘孢木霉对杨树苗栽培土理化性质及养分的影响[J].植物研究,2015,35(2):289-296.LüM M,Liu Z H,Wang H,et al.Effects of Trichoderma asperellum on the Physical and chemical properties and chemical properties and nutrient components of the pot coil culturing tissue-cultured Populus davidiana×P.bolleana Seedlings[J].Bulletin of Botanical Research,2015,35(2):289-296.
15 .曹云,常志州,马艳,等.沼液施用对辣椒疫病的防治效果及对土壤生物学特性的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(3):507-516.Cao Y,Chang Z Z,Ma Y,et al.Effects of Application of Anaerobically Digested Slurry on Suppression of Pepper(Capsicum frutescens L.)Blight and Soil Biological Characteristics[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(3):507-516.
16 .曾华兰,叶鹏盛,李琼芳,等.哈茨木霉T23对花生的促生增产作用[J].云南农业大学学报,2005,20(1):145-146.Zeng H L,Ye P S,Li Q F,et al.Effects of Trichoderma harzianum T23 on Peanut Yield[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2005,20(1):145-146.
17 .朱国栋,吕曼曼,杨兴堂,等.木霉Ta650对杨树移栽苗生长及光合特性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(10):7-12.Zhu G D,Lv M M,Yang X T,et al.Effects of Trichoderma asperellum 650 on the growth and leaf photosynthetic characteristics of transplanted poplar seedlings(Populus davidiana×P.alba var.pyramidalis)[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(10):7-12.
18 .姜传英,朱国栋,姚志红,等.3个棘孢木霉菌株对山新杨组培移栽苗生长和光合特性的影响[J].草业科学,2016,33(6):1189-1199.Jiang C Y,Zhu G D,Yao Z H,et al.Effects of three Trichoderma asperellumon strains on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of tissue-cultured Populus davidiana×P.alba var.Pyramidalis seedlings[J].Pratacultural Science,2016,33(6):1189-1199.
19 .王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理和技术:第2版[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:278-279.Wang X K.Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological Biochemical Experiment:2nd[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2006:278-279.
20 .Farquhar G D,Von Caemmerers S,Berry J A.A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2assimilation in leaves of C3species[J].Planta,1980,149(1):78-90.
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