康宁霉素对臭椿苗期致病菌的离体抑菌活性
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摘要
以引起臭椿苗期病害的4种致病菌腐皮镰刀菌(Fusarium soiani)、木贼镰刀菌(F.equiseti)、棒状拟盘多毛孢菌(Pestalopsis clavispora)和极细链格孢菌(Alernaria tenuissima)为靶标,以康宁霉素水溶剂为研究对象,以苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、苦参碱和霜霉立克为阳性对照,采用生长速率法和孢子萌发法,研究康宁霉素对致病菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,康宁霉素对4种致病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发均有抑制作用,药剂浓度越高,抑制效果越明显,且对致病菌孢子萌发的抑制效果优于对菌丝生长的抑制效果;其中康宁霉素对棒状拟盘多毛孢菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发EC50最小,分别为32.97mg/L和47.99mg/L;虽然TKS的抑菌效果低于化学药剂多菌灵和生物制剂苦参碱,但优于霜霉立克,说明康宁霉素可用于防治由此4种病原菌引起的臭椿苗期病害。该研究为扩大康宁霉素的应用范围和臭椿苗期病害的生物防治提供了理论依据。
In this study,four kinds of pathogens that caused diseases in Ailanthus seedling(Fusarium soiani,F.equiseti,Pestalopsis clavispora and Alernaria tenuissima) were selected as the targets to research the fungistasis of trichokonins.The inhibitory effects of trichokonins of hyphae growth and spores germination of pathogens were determinated using hyphae growth rate and spores germination methods,with Difenoconazole,Carbendazim,Matrine and Downy mildew like as the positive control.The results showed that trichokonins had significant antibacterial activities of tested pathogens.The higher the concentration,the stronger the inhibition.And meanwhile the inhibited effect on spores germination was better than that on hyphae growth.The effect on hyphae growth and spores germination of P.clavispora was best,with EC50=32.97 mg/L,and 47.99 mg/L.The fungistasis of trichokonins was poorer than that of Carbendazim and Matrine,while stronger than that of Downy mildew like,thus trichokonins can control the diseases caused by these four kinds of pathogens in Ailanthus seedling.This study provided a theoretical basis for expanding the application range of trichokonins and the biological control of the diseases in Ailanthus seedling.
In this study,four kinds of pathogens that caused diseases in Ailanthus seedling(Fusarium soiani,F.equiseti,Pestalopsis clavispora and Alernaria tenuissima) were selected as the targets to research the fungistasis of trichokonins.The inhibitory effects of trichokonins of hyphae growth and spores germination of pathogens were determinated using hyphae growth rate and spores germination methods,with Difenoconazole,Carbendazim,Matrine and Downy mildew like as the positive control.The results showed that trichokonins had significant antibacterial activities of tested pathogens.The higher the concentration,the stronger the inhibition.And meanwhile the inhibited effect on spores germination was better than that on hyphae growth.The effect on hyphae growth and spores germination of P.clavispora was best,with EC50=32.97 mg/L,and 47.99 mg/L.The fungistasis of trichokonins was poorer than that of Carbendazim and Matrine,while stronger than that of Downy mildew like,thus trichokonins can control the diseases caused by these four kinds of pathogens in Ailanthus seedling.This study provided a theoretical basis for expanding the application range of trichokonins and the biological control of the diseases in Ailanthus seedling.
引文
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[13]解树涛,宋晓妍,石梅,等.康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningii)SMF2分泌的peptaibols类抗菌肽Trichokonins抑菌活性研究[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2006,41(6):140-144.
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[16]张瑾,张树武,徐秉良,等.长枝木霉菌抑菌谱测定及其抑菌作用机理研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(6):661-667.
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[18]朱衍杰,张秀省,穆红梅.康宁霉素对国槐幼苗根系生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(8):69-73.
[19]L uo Y,Z ha ng D D,D ong X W,et a l.Antimicrobial petaibols induce defense responses and systemic resistance in tobacco against tobacco mosaic virus[J].FEMS Microbiol Lett,2010,313(2):120-126.
[20]李海云,宋晓妍,张秀省,等.拟康宁木霉SMF2防治大白菜软腐病机理研究[J].园艺学报,2012,39(7):1373-1379.
[2]程东关,向梅梅,黄江华,等.木霉和杀菌剂联合作用对绿巨人褐腐病的防治试验[J].广东农业科学,2011,38(11):19-20.
[3]罗琰.康宁霉素抗烟草花叶病毒活性及其调控拟南芥根系生长的机制[D].济南:山东大学,2010:25-28.
[4]李永春,赵美荣,李晓兰,等.臭椿主要活性成分及在生物防治中的应用[J].湖南农业科学,2018(3):118-112.
[5]王强.园林植物病虫害防治对策[J].中国园艺文摘,2018(1):111-112.
[6]李凡海,王桂清.辛夷六种溶剂平行提取物对黄瓜灰霉病菌的抑制作用[J].北方园艺,2015(2):108-111.
[7]周雪敏,刘先宝,蔡吉苗,等.茄类镰刀菌引起的橡胶树茎杆溃疡病防治药剂筛选试验[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(3):116-119.
[8]王桂清.辽细辛精油提取物对灰葡萄孢菌的抑制效果[J].植物保护,2008,34(2):53-57.
[9]朱兆香,庄文颖等.木霉属研究概况[J].菌物学报,2014,33(6):1136-1153.
[10]谷祖敏,毕卉,张兵,等.不同木霉菌株对黄瓜枯萎病菌的拮抗作用[J].西北农业学报2018,27(3):426-431.
[11]Chen L L,Liu L J,Shi M,et al.Characterization and gene cloning of a novel serine protease with nematicidal activity from Trichoderma pesudokoningii SMF2[J].FEMS Microbiol Lett,2009,299:135-142.
[12]巩志廷.长枝木霉SMF2 peptaibols合成酶和蛋白酶基因敲除体系的构建及其peptaibols在植物生长中的功能研究[D].济南:山东大学,2014:28-30.
[13]解树涛,宋晓妍,石梅,等.康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningii)SMF2分泌的peptaibols类抗菌肽Trichokonins抑菌活性研究[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2006,41(6):140-144.
[14]胡明江,张秀省,曹兴,等.康宁木霉SMF2防治大白菜软腐病研究[J].北方园艺,2009(6):102-103.
[15]常媛,杨兴堂,姜传英,等.一株能拮抗3种土传病害病原真菌的长枝木霉[J].草业科学,2017,34(2):246-254.
[16]张瑾,张树武,徐秉良,等.长枝木霉菌抑菌谱测定及其抑菌作用机理研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(6):661-667.
[17]陈凯,杨合同,李纪顺,等.木霉菌产生的聚酮类抗生性代谢产物[J].中国生物防治,2009,25(2):171-175.
[18]朱衍杰,张秀省,穆红梅.康宁霉素对国槐幼苗根系生长的影响[J].中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,34(8):69-73.
[19]L uo Y,Z ha ng D D,D ong X W,et a l.Antimicrobial petaibols induce defense responses and systemic resistance in tobacco against tobacco mosaic virus[J].FEMS Microbiol Lett,2010,313(2):120-126.
[20]李海云,宋晓妍,张秀省,等.拟康宁木霉SMF2防治大白菜软腐病机理研究[J].园艺学报,2012,39(7):1373-1379.