摘要
采用路线调查和定点调查相结合的方法,选择四川省凉山州喜德等5县,对凉山州人工草地牧草病害进行调查,采用科赫法则进行病原菌验证,确定凉山州8种牧草的病害20种,主要分布在盐源县(9种)、昭觉县(9种)和西昌市(8种),布拖县和喜德县分别有6种和5种病害发生;各病害发病率为8.9%~51.2%,其中玉米小斑病发病率最高达51.2%,其次为光叶紫花苕叶斑病和玉米大斑病,分别为46.3%和46.2%;各病害病情指数为2.5~36.8,其中光叶紫花苕白粉病病情指数最高达36.8,玉米小斑病和光叶紫花苕叶斑病次之,分别为33.4和32.3;国内新寄主病害3种,分别为光叶紫花苕斑枯病、白粉病和叶斑病;对主要病害根据其发生规律,提出了防治措施。
In this study,we choosed 5 counties in artificial grassland of Liangshan Prefecture,such as Xide County,then we investigated the grassland disease by using the method of route investigation and site investigation. The pathogen verification was carried out by using the Koch method,and 20 kinds of diseases were definited in Liangshan County,mainly distributed in Yanyuan County(9 kinds) and Zhaojue County(9 kinds) and Xichang City(8 kinds),there were 6 kinds of diseases and 5 kinds of diseases in Butuo County and Xide County respectively. The incidence of all diseases were 8.9%-51.2%,the incidence of corn southern leaf blight was the highest among them,it was 51.2%,and secondly they were leaf spot of Vicia villosa and corn northern leaf blight,their incidence were 46.3% and 46.2% respectively.The disease index of all diseases were 2.5-36.8,the disease index of powdery mildew of Vicia villosa was the highest among them,it was 36.8,and secondly they were corn southern leaf blight and leaf spot of Vicia villosa,their disease index were 33.4 and 32.3 respectively.Three kinds of host diseases were identified as new host diseases,they were spot blight,powdery mildew and leaf spot of Vicia villosa Rothvar. The main diseases' prevention and control measures were put forward according to their occurrence rules.
引文
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