新城疫病毒强毒株F48E9致病性细化分型的鉴定
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摘要
为了确证我国标准速发型新城疫强毒株F48E9致病性的细化分型,分别采用泄殖腔涂抹、泄殖腔注射、点眼滴鼻和静脉注射4种感染途径,用高、低2种剂量对SPF鸡进行感染,综合分析临床症状和病理变化。结果显示:各组均出现典型神经症状,并且伴随呼吸道症状和下痢,其中高剂量组尤其是静脉注射途径,病程较短,出现明显神经症状后1~2 h死亡,病理变化不明显;低剂量组发病平缓,神经症状呈明显的渐进性,其中以点眼滴鼻途径最为明显;各感染途径剖检观察到明显的脑部及肠道出血;综合分析判定F48E9株为嗜神经型速发型强毒。同时,针对强毒株致病性的细化分型,建议采取点眼滴鼻途径和低剂量方式,综合分析临床症状和病理变化进行鉴定。对速发型新城疫病毒的细化分型鉴定能够进一步为新城疫的鉴别诊断,病毒的组织嗜性、致病机理研究提供重要的基础依据。
The strain F48 E9 of the Newcastle disease virus is a standard velogenic virus in China,but there is little report about its refined pathotypic classification. In order to verify the classification,specific pathogen-free chickens were infected with the F48 E9 strain at high and low doses through cloacal swab,cloacal injection,ocular-nasal and intravenous routes,respectively. Then,clinical signs and pathogenic lesions were evaluated. The results showed that all the experimental groups presented typical neurological signs accompanied with respiratory symptoms and slight diarrhea. In the high dose groups,especially by the intravenous route,the course of disease was short and the birds died rapidly one to two hours after neurological symptoms appeared,but the pathological changes in them were not obvious. In the low dose groups,mild neurological signs were gradually progressing and most obviously in the ocular-nasal route. The hemorrhage in the brains and intestines was evidently observed in all the inoculation routes. In conclusion,the pathotype of F48E9 strain is velogenic and neurotropic. The ocular-nasal route and low dose for virus infection are proposed to assess clinical signs and pathogenic lesions for identifying the refined pathotype of velogenic virus. This study may provide an important basis for differential diagnosis,tissue tropism and pathogenesis of the Newcastle disease virus.
The strain F48 E9 of the Newcastle disease virus is a standard velogenic virus in China,but there is little report about its refined pathotypic classification. In order to verify the classification,specific pathogen-free chickens were infected with the F48 E9 strain at high and low doses through cloacal swab,cloacal injection,ocular-nasal and intravenous routes,respectively. Then,clinical signs and pathogenic lesions were evaluated. The results showed that all the experimental groups presented typical neurological signs accompanied with respiratory symptoms and slight diarrhea. In the high dose groups,especially by the intravenous route,the course of disease was short and the birds died rapidly one to two hours after neurological symptoms appeared,but the pathological changes in them were not obvious. In the low dose groups,mild neurological signs were gradually progressing and most obviously in the ocular-nasal route. The hemorrhage in the brains and intestines was evidently observed in all the inoculation routes. In conclusion,the pathotype of F48E9 strain is velogenic and neurotropic. The ocular-nasal route and low dose for virus infection are proposed to assess clinical signs and pathogenic lesions for identifying the refined pathotype of velogenic virus. This study may provide an important basis for differential diagnosis,tissue tropism and pathogenesis of the Newcastle disease virus.
引文
[1]牛红兰,刘永恒,花天荣.鸡新城疫病的流行病学及综合防控措施[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2016(10):153-154.
[2]Dimitrov K M,Ramey A M,Qiu X,et al.Temporal,geographic,and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1(Newcastle disease virus)[J].Infect Genet Evol,2016,39:22-34.
[3]Kang Y,Li Y,Yuan R,Li X,et al.Phylogenetic relationships and pathogenicity variation of two Newcastle disease viruses isolated from domestic ducks in Southern China[J].Virol J,2014,11(1):147.
[4]Snoeck C J,Marinelli M,Charpentier E,et al.Characterization of newcastle disease viruses in wild and domestic birds in Luxembourg from 2006 to 2008[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2013,79(2):639-645.
[5]李国富,朱明艳,崔尚金.新城疫流行新特点及提高防疫效果的对策[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2004(11):25-27.
[6]Hanson R P,Brandly C A.Identification of vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus[J].Science,1955,122(3160):156-157.
[7]Damena D,Fusaro A,Sombo M,et al.Characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolates obtained from outbreak cases in commercial chickens and wild pigeons in Ethiopia[J].Springer Plus,2016,5(1):476-484.
[8]Meng C,Qiu X,Yu S,et al.Evolution of Newcastle disease virus quasispecies diversity and enhanced virulence after passage through chicken air sacs[J].J Virol,2015,90(4):2052.
[9]Allan W H,Lancaster J E,Toth B.Production and use of Newcastle disease vaccines[J].Aust Vet J,1976,52(10):441.
[10]Ecco R,Susta L,Afonso C L,et al.Neurological lesions in chickens experimentally infected with virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates[J].Avian Pathol,2011,40(2):145-152.
[11]Hanson R P,Spalatin J,Jacobson G S.The viscerotropicpathotype of Newcastle disease virus[J].Avian Dis,1973:354-361.
[12]程旭,沈欣悦,刘梅,等.不同禽源新城疫病毒的蚀斑纯化及对不同禽种成纤维细胞的感染性[J].动物医学进展,2014,35(1):22-26.
[13]校海霞,姜北宇,高轩,等.鸡新城疫病毒强毒株的分离与鉴定[J].河北农业大学学报,2004,27(5):79-83.
[14]Qiu X,Sun Q,Shuang W,et al.Entire genome sequence analysis of genotype IX Newcastle disease viruses reveals their earlygenotype phylogenetic position and recent-genotype genome size[J].Virol J,2011,8(1):117-128.
[15]Alexander D J.Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses[J].Revue Scientifique Et Technique,2000,19(2):443-62.
[16]Susta L,Miller P J,Afonso C L,et al.Clinicopathological characterization in poultry of three strains of Newcastle disease virus isolated from recent outbreaks[J].Vet Pathol,2011,48(2):349-360.
[17]Lam K M.Ultrastructural changes in the cardiac muscle of chickens infected with the GB strain of Newcastle disease virus[J].J Comp Pathol,1996,114(1):73-79.
[18]Banerjee M,Reed W M,Fitzgerald S D,et al.Neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in cormorants in Michigan:pathology and virus characterization[J].Avian Dis,1994:873-878.
[19]Alexander D J,Allan W H.Newcastle disease viruspathotypes[J].Avian Pathol,1974,3(4):269-278.
[20]Utterback W W,Schwartz J H.Epizootiology of velogenicvis-cerotropic Newcastle disease in southern California,1971-1973[J].J Am Vet Med Assoc,1973,163(9):1080-1088.
[21]李杰峰,李庆锁,王玉珠,等.鸡新城疫地方强毒株的分离与毒力鉴定[J].中国家禽,2006,28(6):13-15.
[22]Brown C,King D J,Seal B S.Pathogenesis of Newcastle disease in chickens experimentally infected with viruses of different virulence[J].J Vet Med Educ,1999,36(2):125-132.
[23]程相朝,张春杰,李银聚,等.鸡新城疫嗜神经野毒株的分离鉴定及致病性实验[J].中国兽医杂志,2002,38(9):17-18.
[2]Dimitrov K M,Ramey A M,Qiu X,et al.Temporal,geographic,and host distribution of avian paramyxovirus 1(Newcastle disease virus)[J].Infect Genet Evol,2016,39:22-34.
[3]Kang Y,Li Y,Yuan R,Li X,et al.Phylogenetic relationships and pathogenicity variation of two Newcastle disease viruses isolated from domestic ducks in Southern China[J].Virol J,2014,11(1):147.
[4]Snoeck C J,Marinelli M,Charpentier E,et al.Characterization of newcastle disease viruses in wild and domestic birds in Luxembourg from 2006 to 2008[J].Appl Environ Microbiol,2013,79(2):639-645.
[5]李国富,朱明艳,崔尚金.新城疫流行新特点及提高防疫效果的对策[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2004(11):25-27.
[6]Hanson R P,Brandly C A.Identification of vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus[J].Science,1955,122(3160):156-157.
[7]Damena D,Fusaro A,Sombo M,et al.Characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolates obtained from outbreak cases in commercial chickens and wild pigeons in Ethiopia[J].Springer Plus,2016,5(1):476-484.
[8]Meng C,Qiu X,Yu S,et al.Evolution of Newcastle disease virus quasispecies diversity and enhanced virulence after passage through chicken air sacs[J].J Virol,2015,90(4):2052.
[9]Allan W H,Lancaster J E,Toth B.Production and use of Newcastle disease vaccines[J].Aust Vet J,1976,52(10):441.
[10]Ecco R,Susta L,Afonso C L,et al.Neurological lesions in chickens experimentally infected with virulent Newcastle disease virus isolates[J].Avian Pathol,2011,40(2):145-152.
[11]Hanson R P,Spalatin J,Jacobson G S.The viscerotropicpathotype of Newcastle disease virus[J].Avian Dis,1973:354-361.
[12]程旭,沈欣悦,刘梅,等.不同禽源新城疫病毒的蚀斑纯化及对不同禽种成纤维细胞的感染性[J].动物医学进展,2014,35(1):22-26.
[13]校海霞,姜北宇,高轩,等.鸡新城疫病毒强毒株的分离与鉴定[J].河北农业大学学报,2004,27(5):79-83.
[14]Qiu X,Sun Q,Shuang W,et al.Entire genome sequence analysis of genotype IX Newcastle disease viruses reveals their earlygenotype phylogenetic position and recent-genotype genome size[J].Virol J,2011,8(1):117-128.
[15]Alexander D J.Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviruses[J].Revue Scientifique Et Technique,2000,19(2):443-62.
[16]Susta L,Miller P J,Afonso C L,et al.Clinicopathological characterization in poultry of three strains of Newcastle disease virus isolated from recent outbreaks[J].Vet Pathol,2011,48(2):349-360.
[17]Lam K M.Ultrastructural changes in the cardiac muscle of chickens infected with the GB strain of Newcastle disease virus[J].J Comp Pathol,1996,114(1):73-79.
[18]Banerjee M,Reed W M,Fitzgerald S D,et al.Neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease in cormorants in Michigan:pathology and virus characterization[J].Avian Dis,1994:873-878.
[19]Alexander D J,Allan W H.Newcastle disease viruspathotypes[J].Avian Pathol,1974,3(4):269-278.
[20]Utterback W W,Schwartz J H.Epizootiology of velogenicvis-cerotropic Newcastle disease in southern California,1971-1973[J].J Am Vet Med Assoc,1973,163(9):1080-1088.
[21]李杰峰,李庆锁,王玉珠,等.鸡新城疫地方强毒株的分离与毒力鉴定[J].中国家禽,2006,28(6):13-15.
[22]Brown C,King D J,Seal B S.Pathogenesis of Newcastle disease in chickens experimentally infected with viruses of different virulence[J].J Vet Med Educ,1999,36(2):125-132.
[23]程相朝,张春杰,李银聚,等.鸡新城疫嗜神经野毒株的分离鉴定及致病性实验[J].中国兽医杂志,2002,38(9):17-18.