抗阿维菌素苜蓿苔螨品系与敏感品系的发育与生殖力
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摘要
探索苜蓿苔螨(Bryobia praetions)抗阿维菌素品系(R)与敏感品系(S)生物适合度变化,为延缓苜蓿苔螨抗性发展及其抗性治理提供依据。在室内26℃条件下,系统观察了苜蓿苔螨抗阿维菌素品系试验种群的发育和生殖力参数。结果表明,抗阿维菌素品系的发育历期和寿命缩短,产卵量下降。抗性品系(R)平均寿命为21.9 d,平均每雌产卵量为28.2粒;敏感品系分别为27.9 d和40.9粒。抗阿维菌素品系的净生殖率(R0=28.17)显著低于敏感品系(R0=45.70)(P<0.05)。抗阿维菌素品系周限增长率(λ)和种群加倍时间(p.b.t)分别为1.159 2和2.978 8,均显著低于敏感品系的周限增长率和种群加倍时间(P<0.05)。对苜蓿苔螨的抗性品系与敏感品系进行比较,抗性品系存在着生殖力的不利性。另外,抗性品系的相对适合度(Rf)约为敏感品系的0.49,也存在着明显的相对适合度缺陷。本研究结论有助于解释苜蓿苔螨抗阿维菌素品系存在生物适合度不利的现象,并为苜蓿苔螨抗性治理提供参考。
We explored biological fitness variability in avermectin-resistant and-susceptible strains of Bryobia praetiosa.Our study offers a theoretical basis to delay resistance development and resistance management of B. praetiosa. Development and reproduction of the avermectin-resistant strain and the susceptible strain of B. praetiosa were evaluated at 26℃. The age-specific life tables of experimental populations of both strains were established. The ecological fitness of the two strains was analyzed by population life-table parameters. Results showed that the development duration of every stage,the average life span,and the number of eggs laid per female of the resistant strain were less than the susceptible strain. The average longevity and eggs laid per female of the resistant strain were 21. 89 days and 28. 17 eggs,respectively,but the average longevity and eggs laid per female of the susceptible strain were 27. 94 days and 40. 91 eggs,respectively. The analysis of the life table showed that there was a difference in the population parameters between the two strains. The net reproductive rate( R0) of the resistant strain( 28. 17) was obviously lower than the R0 of the susceptible strain( 45. 70)( P < 0. 05). The finite rate of increase( λ) and population doubling time( p. d. t.) of the resistant strain were 1. 267 2 and 2. 927 1,respectively. There were significant differences in these parameters between the resistant strain and the susceptible strain( P < 0. 05). The results indicated that the resistant strain was more disadvantageous in developmental and reproductive characteristics than the susceptible strain. In addition,the relative fitness value of the resistant strain was about half that of the susceptible strain,and there was also a significant degree of fitness defect. The results help to explain the fitness disadvantages of the avermectin-resistant strains of B. praetiosa,and provide reference for the management of avermectin-resistant B. praetiosa.
We explored biological fitness variability in avermectin-resistant and-susceptible strains of Bryobia praetiosa.Our study offers a theoretical basis to delay resistance development and resistance management of B. praetiosa. Development and reproduction of the avermectin-resistant strain and the susceptible strain of B. praetiosa were evaluated at 26℃. The age-specific life tables of experimental populations of both strains were established. The ecological fitness of the two strains was analyzed by population life-table parameters. Results showed that the development duration of every stage,the average life span,and the number of eggs laid per female of the resistant strain were less than the susceptible strain. The average longevity and eggs laid per female of the resistant strain were 21. 89 days and 28. 17 eggs,respectively,but the average longevity and eggs laid per female of the susceptible strain were 27. 94 days and 40. 91 eggs,respectively. The analysis of the life table showed that there was a difference in the population parameters between the two strains. The net reproductive rate( R0) of the resistant strain( 28. 17) was obviously lower than the R0 of the susceptible strain( 45. 70)( P < 0. 05). The finite rate of increase( λ) and population doubling time( p. d. t.) of the resistant strain were 1. 267 2 and 2. 927 1,respectively. There were significant differences in these parameters between the resistant strain and the susceptible strain( P < 0. 05). The results indicated that the resistant strain was more disadvantageous in developmental and reproductive characteristics than the susceptible strain. In addition,the relative fitness value of the resistant strain was about half that of the susceptible strain,and there was also a significant degree of fitness defect. The results help to explain the fitness disadvantages of the avermectin-resistant strains of B. praetiosa,and provide reference for the management of avermectin-resistant B. praetiosa.
引文
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[6]姜双林.草间钻头蛛对苜蓿苔螨捕食作用的研究.植物保护,2007,33(4):54-57.Jiang S L.Predation of Hylyphantes graminicolum on Bryobia praetiosa.Plant Protection,2007,33(4):54-57.(in Chinese)
[7]孙庆田,赵启君,孟昭君.草地苜蓿苔螨生物学特性的研究.草业科学,2001,18(5):16-17.Sun Q T,Zhao Q J,Meng Z J.Study on the biological characteristics of Bryobia praetiosa in alfalfa grassland.Pratacultural Science,2001,18(5):16-17.(in Chinese)
[8]王小强,刘长仲,邢亚田,石周.吡虫啉、阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量对绿色型豌豆蚜发育及繁殖的影响.草业学报,2014,23(5):279-286.Wang X Q,Liu C Z,Xin Y T,Shi Z.Effects of sublethal dosage of imidacloprid,abamectin and beta-cypermethrin on the development and reproduction of green of the morph of pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum).Pratacultural Science,2014,23(5):279-286.(in Chinese)
[9]胡冠芳.国内叶螨类抗药性及治理对策研究概况.甘肃科学学报,1998,10(2):92-96.Hu G F.The resistance of spider mites to pesticides and related management strategies in China.Journal of Gansu Sciences,1998,10(2):92-96.(in Chinese)
[10]Sun H X,Miyata T,Wu G.Effects of sublethal avermectin and fipronil treatments to host Plutella xylostella larvae on growth and development of the parasitoid wasp Coteplutella plutellae.Acta Entomologica Sinica,2008,53(1):269-271.
[11]Guo F Y.Pesticide resistance of Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Acari:Tetranychidae)in China:A review.Systematic and Applied acarology,1998,3:3-7.
[12]高宗仁,李巧丝,李孝纯,张文吉,张友军.杀虫剂对朱砂叶螨某些生物学特性的影响.植物保护学报,1991,18(3):283-287.Gao Z R,Li Q S,Liu X C,Zhang W J,Zang Y J.The effect of some insecticides on biaological aspects of spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boiduval).Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,1991,18(3):283-287.(in Chinese)
[13]刘永杰,沈晋良.甜菜夜蛾抗氯氟氰菊酯品系相对适合度、抗性生化机理及抗性遗传方式.昆虫学报,2003,46(5):567-572.Liu Y J,Shen J L.Biochemical mechanism and genetics of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in the beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua,and the relative fitness of the resistant strain.Acta Entomologica Sinica,2003,46(5):567-572.(in Chinese)
[14]FAO.Revised method for spider mites and their eggs(Tetranychus spp.and Panonychus ulmi Koch).FAO method No.10.Plant Production and Protection,1980,21:49-54.
[15]Roush R T,Plapp F W.Effects of insecticide resistance on biotic potential of the house fly.Journal of Economic Entomology,1982,76:20-25.
[16]邓新平,何林,刘怀.抗药性朱砂叶螨实验种群生命表参数研究.西南农业学报,2003,16(2):63-65.Deng X P,He L,Liu H.Studies on the experimental population life table parameters of Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)(Acari:Tetranychidae)resistant to pesticide.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2003,16(2):63-65.(in Chinese)
[17]邓新平,何林,赵志模.温度对朱砂叶螨二种抗药性品系发育和繁殖的影响.蛛形学报,2002,11(2):94-97.Deng X P,He L,Zhao Z M.Effect of temperature on development and fecundity of two pesticide resistant strains of Tetranychus cinnabrinus Boisduval(Acari:Tetranychidae).Acta Arachnologica Sinica,2002,11(2):94-97.(in Chinese)
[18]朱九生,连梅力,王静,秦曙.阿维菌素对广赤眼蜂(Trichogramma evanescens)不同发育阶段的毒性和实验种群动态的影响.生态学报,2009,29(9):4738-4744.Zhu J S,Lian M L,Wang J,Qin S.The toxicity of abamectin on different developmental stages of Trichogramma evanescens and effects on its population dynamics.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(9):4738-4744.(in Chinese)
[19]宋子伟,张宝鑫,李敦松,郑苑.阿维菌素对虚伪新小绥螨生长发育影响的初步研究.中国生物防治学报,2013,29(3):349-353.Song Z W,Zhang B X,Li D S,Zheng Y.Effects of abamectin on the survival and development of Neoseiulus fallacies(Garman).Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2013,29(3):349-353.(in Chinese)
[20]宋子伟,张宝鑫,邓彩凤,李敦松.阿维菌素亚致死剂量对虚伪新小绥螨的影响.中国生物防治学报,2014,30(4):460-465.Song Z W,Zhang B X,Deng C F,Li D S.Sublethal effects of abamectin on the biological performance of Neoseiulus fallacis(Garman).Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2014,30(4):460-465.(in Chinese)
[21]韩文素,张树发,沈福英,张红杰,高希武.高效氯氰菊酯对小菜蛾阿维菌素抗性、敏感种群的亚致死效应.环境昆虫学报,2011,33(3):335-341.Han W S,Zhang S F,Shen F Y,Zhang H J,Gao X W.Sublethal effects of beta-cypermethrin on abamectin-resistant and-susceptible population of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Piutellidae).Journal of Environmental Entomology,2011,33(3):335-341.(in Chinese)
[22]Chen Z,Qu Y Y,Song L F,Gao X W,Zhang S H,Song D L.Lethal and social-mediated effects of ten insecticides on the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus.Journal of Pest Science,2015,88:741-751.
[23]唐振华,韩罗珍,张朝远.抗马拉硫磷淡色库蚊不同基因的自然内禀增长率及其对抗性演化的影响.昆虫学报,1990,33(4):385-391.Tang Z H,Han L Z,Zhang Z Y.Influence of the intrinsic rate of natural increase for different malathion-resistant genotypes on the evolution of resistance in Culex piplens Pallens.Acta Entomologica Sinica,1990,33(4):385-391.(in Chinese)
[2]姜双林.紫花苜蓿草地节肢动物群落功能团和营养层的多样性.生态学杂志,2007,26(4):519-522.Jiang S L.Diversity in functional group and nutritional class of arthropod community on cultivated lucerne grassland.Chinese Journal of Ecology,2007,26(4):519-522.(in Chinese)
[3]刘长仲,周淑荣.刈割对苜蓿人工草地昆虫群落结构及动态的影响.生态学报,2004,24(3):542-546.Liu C Z,Zhou S R.Cutting effects on the insect community structure and dynamics of alfalfa pasture.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(3):542-546.(in Chinese)
[4]张新瑞,刘长仲,严林,陈应武,魏列新,钱秀娟.苜蓿田主要节肢动物种群数量研究.草地学报,2007,15(6):556-560.Zhang X R,Liu C Z,Yan L,Chen Y W,Wei L X,Qian X J.Study on the population dynamics of main arthropod groups in alfalfa fields.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2007,15(6):556-560.(in Chinese)
[5]刘长仲,王万雄,吴小刚.苜蓿人工草地节肢动物群落的时间格局,应用生态学报,2002,13(8):990-992.Liu C Z,Wang W X,Wu X G.Temporal pattern of arthropod community on cultivated alfalfa grassland.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(8):990-992.(in Chinese)
[6]姜双林.草间钻头蛛对苜蓿苔螨捕食作用的研究.植物保护,2007,33(4):54-57.Jiang S L.Predation of Hylyphantes graminicolum on Bryobia praetiosa.Plant Protection,2007,33(4):54-57.(in Chinese)
[7]孙庆田,赵启君,孟昭君.草地苜蓿苔螨生物学特性的研究.草业科学,2001,18(5):16-17.Sun Q T,Zhao Q J,Meng Z J.Study on the biological characteristics of Bryobia praetiosa in alfalfa grassland.Pratacultural Science,2001,18(5):16-17.(in Chinese)
[8]王小强,刘长仲,邢亚田,石周.吡虫啉、阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯亚致死剂量对绿色型豌豆蚜发育及繁殖的影响.草业学报,2014,23(5):279-286.Wang X Q,Liu C Z,Xin Y T,Shi Z.Effects of sublethal dosage of imidacloprid,abamectin and beta-cypermethrin on the development and reproduction of green of the morph of pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum).Pratacultural Science,2014,23(5):279-286.(in Chinese)
[9]胡冠芳.国内叶螨类抗药性及治理对策研究概况.甘肃科学学报,1998,10(2):92-96.Hu G F.The resistance of spider mites to pesticides and related management strategies in China.Journal of Gansu Sciences,1998,10(2):92-96.(in Chinese)
[10]Sun H X,Miyata T,Wu G.Effects of sublethal avermectin and fipronil treatments to host Plutella xylostella larvae on growth and development of the parasitoid wasp Coteplutella plutellae.Acta Entomologica Sinica,2008,53(1):269-271.
[11]Guo F Y.Pesticide resistance of Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Acari:Tetranychidae)in China:A review.Systematic and Applied acarology,1998,3:3-7.
[12]高宗仁,李巧丝,李孝纯,张文吉,张友军.杀虫剂对朱砂叶螨某些生物学特性的影响.植物保护学报,1991,18(3):283-287.Gao Z R,Li Q S,Liu X C,Zhang W J,Zang Y J.The effect of some insecticides on biaological aspects of spider mite,Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boiduval).Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,1991,18(3):283-287.(in Chinese)
[13]刘永杰,沈晋良.甜菜夜蛾抗氯氟氰菊酯品系相对适合度、抗性生化机理及抗性遗传方式.昆虫学报,2003,46(5):567-572.Liu Y J,Shen J L.Biochemical mechanism and genetics of resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in the beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua,and the relative fitness of the resistant strain.Acta Entomologica Sinica,2003,46(5):567-572.(in Chinese)
[14]FAO.Revised method for spider mites and their eggs(Tetranychus spp.and Panonychus ulmi Koch).FAO method No.10.Plant Production and Protection,1980,21:49-54.
[15]Roush R T,Plapp F W.Effects of insecticide resistance on biotic potential of the house fly.Journal of Economic Entomology,1982,76:20-25.
[16]邓新平,何林,刘怀.抗药性朱砂叶螨实验种群生命表参数研究.西南农业学报,2003,16(2):63-65.Deng X P,He L,Liu H.Studies on the experimental population life table parameters of Tetranychus cinnabarinus(Boisduval)(Acari:Tetranychidae)resistant to pesticide.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2003,16(2):63-65.(in Chinese)
[17]邓新平,何林,赵志模.温度对朱砂叶螨二种抗药性品系发育和繁殖的影响.蛛形学报,2002,11(2):94-97.Deng X P,He L,Zhao Z M.Effect of temperature on development and fecundity of two pesticide resistant strains of Tetranychus cinnabrinus Boisduval(Acari:Tetranychidae).Acta Arachnologica Sinica,2002,11(2):94-97.(in Chinese)
[18]朱九生,连梅力,王静,秦曙.阿维菌素对广赤眼蜂(Trichogramma evanescens)不同发育阶段的毒性和实验种群动态的影响.生态学报,2009,29(9):4738-4744.Zhu J S,Lian M L,Wang J,Qin S.The toxicity of abamectin on different developmental stages of Trichogramma evanescens and effects on its population dynamics.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(9):4738-4744.(in Chinese)
[19]宋子伟,张宝鑫,李敦松,郑苑.阿维菌素对虚伪新小绥螨生长发育影响的初步研究.中国生物防治学报,2013,29(3):349-353.Song Z W,Zhang B X,Li D S,Zheng Y.Effects of abamectin on the survival and development of Neoseiulus fallacies(Garman).Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2013,29(3):349-353.(in Chinese)
[20]宋子伟,张宝鑫,邓彩凤,李敦松.阿维菌素亚致死剂量对虚伪新小绥螨的影响.中国生物防治学报,2014,30(4):460-465.Song Z W,Zhang B X,Deng C F,Li D S.Sublethal effects of abamectin on the biological performance of Neoseiulus fallacis(Garman).Chinese Journal of Biological Control,2014,30(4):460-465.(in Chinese)
[21]韩文素,张树发,沈福英,张红杰,高希武.高效氯氰菊酯对小菜蛾阿维菌素抗性、敏感种群的亚致死效应.环境昆虫学报,2011,33(3):335-341.Han W S,Zhang S F,Shen F Y,Zhang H J,Gao X W.Sublethal effects of beta-cypermethrin on abamectin-resistant and-susceptible population of diamondback moth Plutella xylostella(Lepidoptera:Piutellidae).Journal of Environmental Entomology,2011,33(3):335-341.(in Chinese)
[22]Chen Z,Qu Y Y,Song L F,Gao X W,Zhang S H,Song D L.Lethal and social-mediated effects of ten insecticides on the subterranean termite Reticulitermes speratus.Journal of Pest Science,2015,88:741-751.
[23]唐振华,韩罗珍,张朝远.抗马拉硫磷淡色库蚊不同基因的自然内禀增长率及其对抗性演化的影响.昆虫学报,1990,33(4):385-391.Tang Z H,Han L Z,Zhang Z Y.Influence of the intrinsic rate of natural increase for different malathion-resistant genotypes on the evolution of resistance in Culex piplens Pallens.Acta Entomologica Sinica,1990,33(4):385-391.(in Chinese)