信号交叉口行人使用手机对其过街行为和安全的影响（英文）
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摘要
针对信号交叉口处行人使用手机对其安全产生不利影响的问题,以武汉市9个信号交叉口的实测数据为基础,对行人使用与不使用手机情况下的过街行为与安全性差异进行统计分析。以往的研究中,评价行人安全多通过简单的对比分析,很少有量化的参数依据;针对行人使用手机对过街安全的影响,以人车冲突为评价指标,建立了基于有序概率(OP)的模型,可以更好地量化评价与预测信号交叉口处的行人安全。结果表明,有11个因素与人车冲突显著相关,包括行人年龄、使用手机方式、过街速度、行人是否与他人结伴过街、瞭望次数、闯红灯与否、车道数、上游车道左转流量、上游车道右转流量、进口道右转流量和信号周期。其中,使用手机会增加人车冲突的概率:在双向2,4,5,6和7车道上,过街时打电话行人的人均冲突分别是不使用手机行人的3.56,3.42,3.33,3.29和3.00倍;看屏幕行人的人均冲突分别是不使用手机行人的4.78,4.17,3.80,3.59和3.30倍;而听音乐行人和不使用手机行人之间的人均冲突并没有明显差异。
In order to analyze negative influences of mobile phone use of pedestrians at signalized intersections, a statistical analysis is used to compare differences of street-crossing behaviors between use mobile phones or not. Data of nine signalized intersections in Wuhan, China is collected by filed investigations. Previous studies evaluate pedestrian safety mostly by simple comparative analysis, and there are few quantitative parameters. Therefore, this paper focused on impacts of use mobile phones on pedestrians safety, pedestrian-vehicle conflict is used as an evaluation index, then a model based on ordered probit(OP) is developed, which is better to quantitatively evaluate and forecast pedestrian safety at signalized intersections. The results show that there are 11 factors significantly relate to pedestrian-vehicle conflicts, including pedestrian age, habit of mobile phone use, speed of street-crossing, crossing with others or not, times of looking left and right, running the red light or not, number of vehicle lanes, volume of left-turning traffic passing through upstream lanes, volume of right-turning traffic passing through upstream lanes, volume of right-turning traffic passing through approaching lanes, and signal cycle. Furthermore, mobile phone use increases possibility of conflict: at two-way 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 lanes, average conflicts of pedestrians who making phone calls are 3.56, 3.42, 3.33, 3.29, and 3.00 times more than those who do not use mobile phones, respectively; average conflicts of pedestrians who looking at mobile phones are 4.78, 4.17, 3.80, 3.59, and 3.30 times more than those not using mobile phones, respectively. However there is no significant difference in average conflicts of pedestrians who listening to music or not.
In order to analyze negative influences of mobile phone use of pedestrians at signalized intersections, a statistical analysis is used to compare differences of street-crossing behaviors between use mobile phones or not. Data of nine signalized intersections in Wuhan, China is collected by filed investigations. Previous studies evaluate pedestrian safety mostly by simple comparative analysis, and there are few quantitative parameters. Therefore, this paper focused on impacts of use mobile phones on pedestrians safety, pedestrian-vehicle conflict is used as an evaluation index, then a model based on ordered probit(OP) is developed, which is better to quantitatively evaluate and forecast pedestrian safety at signalized intersections. The results show that there are 11 factors significantly relate to pedestrian-vehicle conflicts, including pedestrian age, habit of mobile phone use, speed of street-crossing, crossing with others or not, times of looking left and right, running the red light or not, number of vehicle lanes, volume of left-turning traffic passing through upstream lanes, volume of right-turning traffic passing through upstream lanes, volume of right-turning traffic passing through approaching lanes, and signal cycle. Furthermore, mobile phone use increases possibility of conflict: at two-way 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 lanes, average conflicts of pedestrians who making phone calls are 3.56, 3.42, 3.33, 3.29, and 3.00 times more than those who do not use mobile phones, respectively; average conflicts of pedestrians who looking at mobile phones are 4.78, 4.17, 3.80, 3.59, and 3.30 times more than those not using mobile phones, respectively. However there is no significant difference in average conflicts of pedestrians who listening to music or not.
引文
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[19] 赵艳,刘东,王竞雄.北京市行人过街使用手机对交通安全影响研究[J].中国人民公安大学学报(自然科学版),2015,84(2):58-62. ZHAO Yan, LIU Dong, WANG Jingxiong. The effect of mobile phone use on pedestrian crossing safety in Beijing city of China[J]. Journal of Chinese People′s Public Security University (Science and Technology), 2015,84(2):58-62. (in Chinese)
[20] LENNON A, OVIEDO-TRESPALACIOS O, MATTHEWS S. Pedestrian self-reported use of smart phones: Positive attitudes and high exposure influence intentions to cross the road while distracted[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2017,98:338-347.
[21] VARHELYI A. Drivers′ speed behaviour at a zebra crossing[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 1998,30(6):731-743.
[22] ZHENG L, ISMAIL K, MENG X. Traffic conflict techniques for road safety analysis: open questions and some insights[J]. Revue Canadienne De Génie Civil, 2014,41(7):633-641.
[23] ZHOU B, ZHANG Cunbao, PENG Hanhui, et al. Research on pedestrian crossing behaviors at unsignalized multi-lane mid-block crosswalk: a case study in China[C]. Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2016.
[24] ZHANG Cunbao, ZHOU Bin, CHEN Guojun, et al. Quantitative analysis of pedestrian safety at uncontrolled multi-lane mid-block crosswalks in China[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2017,108:19-26.
[25] CHEN P L, SALEH W, PAI C W. Texting and walking: A controlled field study of crossing behaviours and inattentional blindness in Taiwan[J]. Behaviour & Information Technology, 2016:1-11.
[26] 凌飞阳.行人过街使用手机行为特性及管控方法研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2017. LING Feiyang. The research on behavior characteristics and control methods of pedestrians′ mobile phone use behavior while crossing[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)
[2] 刘少博,张晖,吴超仲.TRB2017年会:行人交通及智能交通研究综述[J].交通信息与安全,2017,35(3):1-10. LIU Shaobo, ZHANG Hui, WU Chaozhong. A review of 2017 Transportation Research Board 96th Annual Meeting with the focuses and area of pedestrian traffic and intelligent transportation[J]. Journal of Transport Information and Safety, 2017,35(3):1-10. (in Chinese)
[3] 吴江玲,张生瑞,王秋平,等.信号交叉口行人步行速度特性分析[J].武汉理工大学学报(交通科学与工程版),2014,38(6):1295-1299. WU Jiangling, ZHANG Shengrui, WANG Qiuping, et al. Research on crossing speed characteristics for pedestrian at signalized intersection[J]. Journal of Wuhan University of Technology (Transportation Science & Engineering), 2014,38(6):1295-1299. (in Chinese)
[4] World Health Organization. WHO global status report on road safety 2015[R]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015.
[5] 公安部交通管理局.中国道路交通事故统计年报[R].北京:公安部交通管理局,2017. Ministry of Public Security, Transportation bureau. The road traffic accidents statistics report in China[R]. Beijing: Ministry of Public Security, Transportation bureau, 2017. (in Chinese)
[6] SCHWEBEL D C, STAVRINOS D, BYINGTON K W, et al. Distraction and pedestrian safety: How talking on the phone, texting, and listening to music impact crossing the street[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2012,45(2):266-271.
[7] 张存保,陈峰,韦媛媛.无信号控制路段手机对行人过街行为和安全的影响[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2018,18(2):136-141. ZHANG Cunbao, CHEN Feng, WEI Yuanyuan. The effects of mobile phone on pedestrian crossing behavior and safety at uncontrolled mid-block crosswalks[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering & Information Technology, 2018,18(2):136-141. (in Chinese)
[8] 姜康,凌飞阳,冯忠祥,等.行人过街使用手机行为的心理影响因素研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2016,26(6):13-18. JIANG Kang, LIN Feiyang, FENG Zhongxiang, et al. Research on psychological factors affecting pedestrians′ mobile phone use behaviour while crossing [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2016,26(6):13-18. (in Chinese)
[9] NASAR J L, TROYER D. Pedestrian injuries due to mobile phone use in public places[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2013,57:91-95.
[10] SMITH D C, SCHREIBER K M, SALTOS A, et al. Ambulatory cell phone injuries in the United States: An emerging national concern[J]. Journal of Safety Research, 2013,47(3):19-23.
[11] National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 2016 fatal motor vehicle crashes: Overview[R]. Washington, D.C.: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2017.
[12] Governors Highway Safety Association. Pedestrian traffic fatalities by state: 2016 preliminary data[R]. Washington, D. C.: Governors Highway Safety Association, 2017.
[13] HAGA S, SANO A, SEKINE Y, et al. Effects of using a smart phone on pedestrians′ attention and walking[J]. Procedia Manufacturing, 2015,3:2574-2580.
[14] KAO P C, HIGGINSON C I, SEYMOUR K, et al. Walking stability during cell phone use in healthy adults[J]. Gait & Posture, 2015,41(4):947-953.
[15] TAPIRO H, ORONGILAD T, PARMET Y. Cell phone conversations and child pedestrian′s crossing behavior: A simulator study[J]. Safety Science, 2016(89):36-44.
[16] HATFIELD J, MURPHY S. The effects of mobile phone use on pedestrian crossing behaviour at signalised and unsignalised intersections[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2007,39(1):197-205.
[17] NASAR J, HECHT P, WENER R. Mobile telephones, distracted attention, and pedestrian safety[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2008,40(1):69-75.
[18] 李华,李世伦.行人使用手机任务转换延迟特性安全分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(1):19-24. LI Hua, LI Shilun. Analysis of characteristics of delay in task switching for pedestrians using mobile phones[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017,27(1):19-24. (in Chinese)
[19] 赵艳,刘东,王竞雄.北京市行人过街使用手机对交通安全影响研究[J].中国人民公安大学学报(自然科学版),2015,84(2):58-62. ZHAO Yan, LIU Dong, WANG Jingxiong. The effect of mobile phone use on pedestrian crossing safety in Beijing city of China[J]. Journal of Chinese People′s Public Security University (Science and Technology), 2015,84(2):58-62. (in Chinese)
[20] LENNON A, OVIEDO-TRESPALACIOS O, MATTHEWS S. Pedestrian self-reported use of smart phones: Positive attitudes and high exposure influence intentions to cross the road while distracted[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2017,98:338-347.
[21] VARHELYI A. Drivers′ speed behaviour at a zebra crossing[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 1998,30(6):731-743.
[22] ZHENG L, ISMAIL K, MENG X. Traffic conflict techniques for road safety analysis: open questions and some insights[J]. Revue Canadienne De Génie Civil, 2014,41(7):633-641.
[23] ZHOU B, ZHANG Cunbao, PENG Hanhui, et al. Research on pedestrian crossing behaviors at unsignalized multi-lane mid-block crosswalk: a case study in China[C]. Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2016.
[24] ZHANG Cunbao, ZHOU Bin, CHEN Guojun, et al. Quantitative analysis of pedestrian safety at uncontrolled multi-lane mid-block crosswalks in China[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2017,108:19-26.
[25] CHEN P L, SALEH W, PAI C W. Texting and walking: A controlled field study of crossing behaviours and inattentional blindness in Taiwan[J]. Behaviour & Information Technology, 2016:1-11.
[26] 凌飞阳.行人过街使用手机行为特性及管控方法研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2017. LING Feiyang. The research on behavior characteristics and control methods of pedestrians′ mobile phone use behavior while crossing[D]. Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2017. (in Chinese)