淮北地区一次春季浮尘天气成因研究
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摘要
利用激光气溶胶雷达和风廓线雷达,结合卫星遥感资料、地面气象要素资料、大气气溶胶浓度资料和HYSPLIT模型,研究了2017年5月5—8日淮北地区一次沙尘天气过程的特征.结果表明,2017年5月5—6日上午的浮尘(过程1)是由西北-华北地区的远距离输送所致,其中PM_(10)峰值浓度高达766μg·m~(-3),而6日下午—7日的浮尘(过程2)是冷空气回流所导致.外源输入、气象要素和垂直风场的变化为浮尘天气的发生和维持创造了有利条件,降水的出现使本次浮尘天气过程结束.激光气溶胶雷达可以有效监测此次浮尘天气的大气气溶胶消光系数的空间分布,能直观准确地反映出污染物的分布聚集情况以及时空变化,对大气污染监测具有重要意义.本研究还提出了适合江苏地区的浮尘客观判定方法,SO_2/PM_(10)、NO_2/PM_(10)以及PM_(2.5)/PM_(10)的比值可以有效判别浮尘天气.
Using lidar and wind profiler radar, combined with satellite remote sensing data, ground meteorological element data, atmospheric aerosol concentration data, and HYSPLIT model, a dust weather process in Huaibei region on May 5—8, 2017 were analyzed. The 1~(st) dust process(from May 5 to morning of May 6, 2017) was caused by long-distance transportation from the northwest and north China, where the peak concentration of PM_(10) was as high as 766 g·m~(-3).The second dust process(from the afternoon of May 6 to 7, 2017) was caused by the flow back cold air. Dust transmission input, meteorological elements, and vertical wind field variation create favorable conditions for the occurrence and maintenance of the dust weather. The appearance of precipitation ended the process of dust weather. Lidar can effectively monitor the spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient in this dust weather, and can directly and accurately reflect the distribution and aggregation of pollutants as well as spatial and temporal changes, which is of great significance for atmospheric pollution monitoring. This study also puts forward a suitable method for the objective determination of dust in Jiangsu province. The ratios of SO_2/PM_(10), NO_2/PM_(10), and PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) can be used as a quick index for judgment of dust event.
Using lidar and wind profiler radar, combined with satellite remote sensing data, ground meteorological element data, atmospheric aerosol concentration data, and HYSPLIT model, a dust weather process in Huaibei region on May 5—8, 2017 were analyzed. The 1~(st) dust process(from May 5 to morning of May 6, 2017) was caused by long-distance transportation from the northwest and north China, where the peak concentration of PM_(10) was as high as 766 g·m~(-3).The second dust process(from the afternoon of May 6 to 7, 2017) was caused by the flow back cold air. Dust transmission input, meteorological elements, and vertical wind field variation create favorable conditions for the occurrence and maintenance of the dust weather. The appearance of precipitation ended the process of dust weather. Lidar can effectively monitor the spatial distribution of atmospheric aerosol extinction coefficient in this dust weather, and can directly and accurately reflect the distribution and aggregation of pollutants as well as spatial and temporal changes, which is of great significance for atmospheric pollution monitoring. This study also puts forward a suitable method for the objective determination of dust in Jiangsu province. The ratios of SO_2/PM_(10), NO_2/PM_(10), and PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) can be used as a quick index for judgment of dust event.
引文
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马井会,张国琏,耿福海,等.2013.上海地区一次典型连续浮尘天气过程分析[J].中国环境科学,33(4):584-593
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师育新,戴雪荣,宋之光,等.2006.上海春季沙尘与非沙尘天气大气颗粒物粒度组成与矿物成分[J].中国沙漠,26(5):780-785
王苑,邓军英,史兰红,等.2014.基于气溶胶光学特性垂直分布的一次浮尘过程分析[J].环境科学,35(3):830-838
项续康,江吉喜.1996.西北地区强沙尘暴成因的中尺度分析[J].高原气象,15(4):448-455
徐柳韵,孟永军,黄春涛,等.2010.2010年杭州地区一次持续浮尘天气成因分析[J].浙江气象,32(1):7-11
徐文帅,魏强,冯鹏,等.2012.2010年春季沙尘天气对北京市空气质量的影响及其天气类型分析[J].中国环境监测,28(6):19-26
Xie S D,Yu T,Zhang Y H,et al.2005.Characteristics of PM10,SO2,NOx and O3 in ambient air during the dust storm period in Beijing[J].Science of Total Environment,345:153-164
俞剑蔚,王元,沈树勤,等.2008.江苏地区沙尘天气时空特征及气候变化分析[J].气象科学,28(1):45-49
周成龙,杨兴华,钟昕洁,等.2017.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘天气特征[J].干旱区研究,34(2):324-329
赵建峰,王思慜.2017.蒙古气旋引发的一次山西沙尘天气分析[J].科技与创新,2:20-23
中国气象局.2003.地面气象观测规范[M].北京:气象出版社.23
Zhang Q,Laurent B,VelayLasry F,et al.2012.An air quality forecasting system in Beijing-Application to the study of dust storm events in China in May 2008[J].Journal of Environmental Science,24(1):102-111
陈跃浩,高庆先,高文康,等.2013.沙尘天气对大气环境质量影响的量化研究[J].环境科学研究,25(6):609-614
陈辉,赵琳娜,赵鲁强,等.2012.沙尘天气过程对北京空气质量的影响[J].环境科学研究,25(6):609-614
Campbell James R,Reid Jeffrey S,Westphal Douglas L,et al.2013.Characterizing the vertical profile of aerosol particle extinction and linear depolarization over Southeast Asia and the Maritime Continent:The 2007—2009 view from CALIOP [J].Atmospheric Research,122(1):520-543
Chen Y,Xie S D.2014.Characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy air pollution episode caused by biomass burning in Chengdu Southwest China[J].Atmospheric Environment,473:507-517
Chen Y,Luo B,Xie S D.2015.Characteristics of the long-range transport dust events in Chengdu,Southwest China[J].Atmospheric Environment,122:713-722
DeLongueville F,Hountondji Y C,Henry S,et al.2010.What do we know about effects of desert dust on air quality and human health in West Africa compared to other regions [J].The Science of the Total Environment,409(1):1-8
Eliezer G,Amnon S,Pinhas A.2009.A method to determine the effect of mineral dust aerosols on air quality[J].Atmospheric Environment,43(34):5463- 5468
冯鑫媛,王式功,杨德保,等.2011.近几年沙尘天气对中国北方环保重点城市可吸入颗粒物污染的影响[J].中国沙漠,31(3):735-740
Fu Q Y,Zhuang G S,Wang J,et al.2008.Mechanism of formation of the heaviest pollution episode ever recorded in the Yangtze river Delta,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,42:2023-2036
Fu Q Y,Zhuang G S,Li J,et al.2010.Source,long-range transport,and characteristics of a heavy dust pollution event in Shanghai[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,115(D7)
Huang K,Zhuang G,Lin Y,et al.2012.Typical type and formation mechanisms of haze in an Eastern Asia megacity,Shanghai[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,12:105-124
胡隐樵,光田宇.1997.强沙尘暴微气象特征和局地触发机制[J].大气科学,21(5):581-589
姜学恭,沈建国,胡英华.2004.沙尘暴过程中的混合层特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,18(1):63-71
李耀辉.2004.近年来我国沙尘暴研究的新进展[J].中国沙漠,24(5):616-622
刘端阳,曹登峰,陈纾杨,等.2013.沙尘天气过程对太湖北岸城市空气质量的影响[J].自然灾害学报,22(4):135-144
马井会,顾松强,陈敏,等.2012.结合激光雷达分析上海地区一次连续浮尘天气过程[J].生态学报,32(4):1085-1096
马井会,张国琏,耿福海,等.2013.上海地区一次典型连续浮尘天气过程分析[J].中国环境科学,33(4):584-593
马雁军,刘宁微,洪也,等.2012.2011年春季辽宁一次沙尘天气过程及其对不同粒径颗粒物和空气质量的影响[J].环境科学学报,32(5):1160-1167
师育新,戴雪荣,宋之光,等.2006.上海春季沙尘与非沙尘天气大气颗粒物粒度组成与矿物成分[J].中国沙漠,26(5):780-785
王苑,邓军英,史兰红,等.2014.基于气溶胶光学特性垂直分布的一次浮尘过程分析[J].环境科学,35(3):830-838
项续康,江吉喜.1996.西北地区强沙尘暴成因的中尺度分析[J].高原气象,15(4):448-455
徐柳韵,孟永军,黄春涛,等.2010.2010年杭州地区一次持续浮尘天气成因分析[J].浙江气象,32(1):7-11
徐文帅,魏强,冯鹏,等.2012.2010年春季沙尘天气对北京市空气质量的影响及其天气类型分析[J].中国环境监测,28(6):19-26
Xie S D,Yu T,Zhang Y H,et al.2005.Characteristics of PM10,SO2,NOx and O3 in ambient air during the dust storm period in Beijing[J].Science of Total Environment,345:153-164
俞剑蔚,王元,沈树勤,等.2008.江苏地区沙尘天气时空特征及气候变化分析[J].气象科学,28(1):45-49
周成龙,杨兴华,钟昕洁,等.2017.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘天气特征[J].干旱区研究,34(2):324-329
赵建峰,王思慜.2017.蒙古气旋引发的一次山西沙尘天气分析[J].科技与创新,2:20-23
中国气象局.2003.地面气象观测规范[M].北京:气象出版社.23
Zhang Q,Laurent B,VelayLasry F,et al.2012.An air quality forecasting system in Beijing-Application to the study of dust storm events in China in May 2008[J].Journal of Environmental Science,24(1):102-111