乙醇水提法提取葡萄籽油及其品质分析
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摘要
为解决传统水酶法提取葡萄籽油前处理复杂、耗水量大、耗酶量大及提取时间长等问题,采用乙醇水提法提取葡萄籽油。结果表明,葡萄籽原料无需预处理,可经粉碎后直接进行油脂提取。通过对影响乙醇水提法提取葡萄籽油的因素研究,确定较优的提取条件为:乙醇体积分数45%,料液比1∶3,提取温度60℃,pH 9,提取时间1 h,收集清油后在提取温度60℃、p H 9条件下水相重复提取渣相1 h。在优化条件下,葡萄籽油提取率为86. 57%。所得葡萄籽清油经简单精炼,各项指标达到一级葡萄籽油国家标准,油中γ-生育酚、甾醇、总酚含量分别达到52. 70、2 120. 23、195. 5mg/kg,且反式脂肪酸含量为0. 763 g/kg。乙醇水提法工艺中,原料无需前处理,无需酶制剂辅助,提取时间由水酶法的3 h以上缩短至2 h,耗水量由6 t/t(以葡萄籽质量计)以上降至3 t/t(以葡萄籽质量计),其水相可循环、油品质较高,为葡萄籽油高效提取提供一种新思路。
In order to solve the problems of traditional aqueous enzymatic extraction of grape seed oil,such as complex pretreatment,large amounts of enzyme and water consumption and long extraction time,grape seed oil was extracted by aqueous ethanol method. The results showed that grape seed could be directly used to extract oil after pulverization without pretreatment. By studying the factors affecting the extraction of grape seed oil by aqueous ethanol,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: volume fraction of ethanol 45%,solid-liquid ratio 1∶ 3,extraction temperature 60 ℃,pH 9,extraction time 1 h,and residue was further extracted by aqueous phase under the same conditions. Under the optimal conditions,the extraction rate of the free oil reached 86. 57%. The obtained grape seed oil was simply refined,and the indexes reached the national standard of first-grade grape seed oil. The contents of γ-tocopherols,sterols and total phenols reached 52. 70,2 120. 23,195. 5 mg/kg,respectively,and the trans fatty acid content was 0. 763 g/kg. Compared with traditional aqueous enzymatic extraction,the raw materials in aqueous ethanol method need no pretreatment nor enzyme,and the extraction time shortened from above 3 h to 2 h,and the water consumption decreased from 6 t/t( based on the mass of grape seed) to 3 t/t( based on the mass of grape seed). The water phase could be recycled and the quality of the oil was high,which provided a new idea for the efficient extraction of grape seed oil.
In order to solve the problems of traditional aqueous enzymatic extraction of grape seed oil,such as complex pretreatment,large amounts of enzyme and water consumption and long extraction time,grape seed oil was extracted by aqueous ethanol method. The results showed that grape seed could be directly used to extract oil after pulverization without pretreatment. By studying the factors affecting the extraction of grape seed oil by aqueous ethanol,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: volume fraction of ethanol 45%,solid-liquid ratio 1∶ 3,extraction temperature 60 ℃,pH 9,extraction time 1 h,and residue was further extracted by aqueous phase under the same conditions. Under the optimal conditions,the extraction rate of the free oil reached 86. 57%. The obtained grape seed oil was simply refined,and the indexes reached the national standard of first-grade grape seed oil. The contents of γ-tocopherols,sterols and total phenols reached 52. 70,2 120. 23,195. 5 mg/kg,respectively,and the trans fatty acid content was 0. 763 g/kg. Compared with traditional aqueous enzymatic extraction,the raw materials in aqueous ethanol method need no pretreatment nor enzyme,and the extraction time shortened from above 3 h to 2 h,and the water consumption decreased from 6 t/t( based on the mass of grape seed) to 3 t/t( based on the mass of grape seed). The water phase could be recycled and the quality of the oil was high,which provided a new idea for the efficient extraction of grape seed oil.
引文
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[2]李银平,薛雪萍,袁春龙,等.葡萄籽成分与营养评价[J].食品与发酵工业,2006,32(12):108-113.
[3]GODWARD J.Quantitation of the main constituents of some authentic grape-seed oils of different origin[J].JAgric Food Chem,2006,54(17):6266-6270.
[4]魏贞伟,陈玉宏,王俊国.压榨法生产葡萄籽油及精炼工艺实践[J].中国油脂,2015,40(2):16-18.
[5]GóMEZ A M,LPEZ C P,OSSA E M D L.Recovery of grape seed oil by liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction:a comparison with conventional solvent extraction[J].Chem Eng J Biochem Eng J,1996,61(3):227-231.
[6]董海洲,万本屹,刘传富,等.葡萄籽油超临界二氧化碳萃取最佳工艺参数及其理化特性的研究[J].中国粮油学报,2004,19(5):55-58.
[7]CLáUDIAP P,SULE Y,CARLOSM S,et al.Enhancement of grape seed oil extraction using a cell wall degrading enzyme cocktail[J].Food Chem,2009,115(1):48-53.
[8]胡滨,陈一资,苏赵.超声波和微波辅助水酶法提取葡萄籽油的工艺研究[J].中国油脂,2015,40(12):12-17.
[9]吕姗姗,胡潇君,王超.水酶法提取葡萄籽油的工艺研究[J].粮油加工(电子版),2010(12):7-10.
[10]李丹丹,杨宏志,梁英,等.水酶法提取葡萄籽油和蛋白质的研究[J].中国油脂,2017,42(9):28-33.
[11]孙红.水相法提取亚麻籽油与蛋白质的研究[D].江苏无锡:江南大学,2015.
[12]MALIC'ANIN M,RAC V,ANTIC'V,et al.Content of antioxidants,antioxidant capacity and oxidative stability of grape seed oil obtained by ultrasound assisted extraction[J].J Am Oil Chem Soc,2014,91(6):989-999.
[13]LI P,GASMALLA M A A,ZHANG W,et al.Effects of roasting temperatures and grinding type on the yields of oil and protein obtained by aqueous extraction processing[J].J Food Eng,2016,173:15-24.
[14]任燕勤.乙醇水提法提取菜籽油的工艺研究[D].江苏无锡:江南大学,2017.
[15]LEUNG R,SHAH D O.Dynamic properties of micellar solutions:I.Effects of short-chain alcohols and polymers on micellar stability[J].J Colloid Interf Sci,1986,113(1):484-499.
[16]郭玉宝,屠康,薛正莲,等.盐效应辅助水相萃取油茶籽油的工艺[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(9):362-367.
[17]王中江,江连洲,魏冬旭,等.p H值对大豆分离蛋白构象及表面疏水性的影响[J].食品科学,2012(11):47-51.
[18]贾利蓉,俞凌云,张文学.酶法提取植物油脂及回收蛋白质研究进展[J].食品科技,2008,33(2):114-117.
[19]仵昱舟,冯翠萍.酶法提取葡萄籽中蛋白质工艺优化[J].食品科学,2010,31(2):63-66.