民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带梭梭树干液流的时滞特征
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摘要
应用Granier热扩散探针测定民勤绿洲荒漠过渡带梭梭人工林的树干液流,将液流与饱和水汽压差(VPD)和光合有效辐射(PAR)数据分别进行逐行错位分析,探讨树干液流与环境因子之间的时滞效应.结果表明:梭梭日液流速率呈现明显的季节变化,6月平均液流速率最大,8月平均液流速率最小.生长季(5—9月)梭梭树干液流与光合有效辐射、饱和水汽压差存在明显的时滞,树干液流滞后于PAR 80 min,提前于VPD 114 min,且不同月份的时滞长短存在差异.尽管梭梭树干液流在日尺度上更加依赖于PAR的变化,但在白天,树干液流与饱和水汽压差间有更紧密的关系.梭梭生长季树干液流与VPD或PAR之间的时滞与树形因子(株高、地径、50 cm处直径、枝下高、冠幅)及夜间液流量的相关性均不显著.
The stem sap flow rate of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Minqin oasis-desert ectone was measured by the thermal dissipation probe( TDP). A cross-correlation analysis was used to estimate the time lag between the stem sap flow and the environmental factors influencing transpiration,including photosynthetically active radiation( PAR) and water vapor pressure deficit( VPD). The results showed that the stem sap flow rate of H. ammodendron had substantial seasonal variation,with the monthly average sap flow being the highest in June and the lowest in August.There was an obvious time lag between the stem sap flow of H. ammodendron and PAR and VPD.The stem sap flow was lagged behind PAR for 80 min but it was ahead of VPD for 114 min. Additionally,the time lag exhibited significant difference among different months during the growth season from May to September. The sap flow of H. ammodendron was more dependent on the variation of PAR on the daily scale than VPD,but it was more closely related to VPD during the day time.The time lag between the stem sap flow and PAR/VPD had no significant correlation with the tree factors( including plant height,ground diameter,diameter at 50 cm height,under branch height,canopy size) and the nocturnal sap flow.
The stem sap flow rate of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Minqin oasis-desert ectone was measured by the thermal dissipation probe( TDP). A cross-correlation analysis was used to estimate the time lag between the stem sap flow and the environmental factors influencing transpiration,including photosynthetically active radiation( PAR) and water vapor pressure deficit( VPD). The results showed that the stem sap flow rate of H. ammodendron had substantial seasonal variation,with the monthly average sap flow being the highest in June and the lowest in August.There was an obvious time lag between the stem sap flow of H. ammodendron and PAR and VPD.The stem sap flow was lagged behind PAR for 80 min but it was ahead of VPD for 114 min. Additionally,the time lag exhibited significant difference among different months during the growth season from May to September. The sap flow of H. ammodendron was more dependent on the variation of PAR on the daily scale than VPD,but it was more closely related to VPD during the day time.The time lag between the stem sap flow and PAR/VPD had no significant correlation with the tree factors( including plant height,ground diameter,diameter at 50 cm height,under branch height,canopy size) and the nocturnal sap flow.
引文
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[9]Zhao P(赵平),Rao X-Q(饶兴权),Ma L(马玲),et al.The variations of sap flux density and whole tree transpiration across individuals of Acacia mangium.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2006,26(12):4050-4058(in Chinese)
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[13]Loustau D,Berbigier P,Roumagnac P,et al.Transpiration of a 64-year-old maritime pine stand in Portugal.Ⅰ.Seasonal course of water flux through maritime pine.Oecologia,1996,107:33-42
[14]Wang H(王华),Ouyang Z-Y(欧阳志云),Zheng H(郑华),et al.Time lag characteristics of stem sap flow of common tree species during their growth season in Beijing downtown.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2009,20(9):2111-2117(in Chinese)
[15]Wang X-F(王小菲),Sun Y-Y(孙永玉),Li K(李昆),et al.Time lag characteristics of stem sap flow of main afforestation tree species during their growth season in Yuanmou dry-hot valley of Southwest China.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis(江西农业大学学报),2013,35(3):462-467(in Chinese)
[16]Xu J-L(徐军亮),Zhang Y-P(章异平).Analysis on sap flow time lag effect of Platycladus orientalis in spring.Research of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持研究),2009,16(4):109-112(in Chinese)
[17]Zhao C-Y(赵春彦),Si J-H(司建华),Feng Q(冯起),et al.Time lag characteristics of stem sap flow of Populus euphratica in desert riparian forest.Journal of Desert Research(中国沙漠),2014,34(5):1254-1260(in Chinese)
[18]Phillips N,Oren R,Zimmermann R,et al.Temporal patterns of water flux in trees and lianas in a Panamanian moist forest.Trees,1999,14:116-123
[19]Granier A,Loustau D,Breda N.A generic model of forest canopy conductance dependent on climate,soil water availability and leaf area index.Annals of Forest Sciences,2000,57:755-765(in Chinese)
[20]Goldstein G,Andrade JL,Meinzer FC,et al.Stem water storage and diurnal patterns of water use in tropical forest canopy trees.Plant,Cell&Environment,1998,21:397-406
[21]Wang H(王华),Zhao P(赵平),Cai X-A(蔡锡安),et al.Time lag effect between stem sap flow and photosynthetically active radiation,vapor pressure deficit of Acacia mangium.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2008,19(2):225-230(in Chinese)
[22]Meng P(孟平),Zhang J-S(张劲松),Wang H-S(王鹤松),et al.Rule of apple trees transpiration and its relation to the micrometeorology on the canopy.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(5):1075-1081(in Chinese)
[23]Granier A.Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements.Tree Physiology,1987,3:309-320
[24]Lu P(陆平),Urban L,Zhao P(赵平).Granier’s thermal dissipation probe(TDP)method for measuring sap flow in trees:Theory and practice.Acta Botnica Sinica(植物学报),2004,46(6):631-646(in Chinese)
[25]Dang H-Z(党宏忠),Yang W-B(杨文斌),Li W(李卫),et al.Radial variation and time lag of sap flow of Populus gansuensis in Minqin Oasis,Northwest China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(9):2501-2510(in Chinese)
[26]Ma L(马玲),Zhao P(赵平),Rao X-Q(饶兴权),et al.Effects of environmental factors on sap flow in Acacia mangium.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(9):2145-2151(in Chinese)
[27]Zhang X-Y(张晓艳),Chu J-M(褚建民),Meng P(孟平),et al.Effects of environmental factors on evapotranspiration characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Minqin oasis-desert ectone,Northwest China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(8):2390-2400(in Chinese)
[28]Wang H-M(王慧梅),Sun W(孙伟),Zu Y-G(祖元刚),et al.Complexity and its integrative effects of the time lags of environment factors affecting Larix gmelinii stem sap flow.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2011,22(12):3109-3116(in Chinese)
[29]Xu S-Q(徐世琴),Ji X-B(吉喜斌),Jin B-W(金博文).Dynamics and responses of sap flow of typical sand binding plants Haloxylon ammodendron to environmental variables.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2015,39(9):890-900(in Chinese)
[30]Sun D(孙迪),Guan D-X(关德新),Yuan F-H(袁凤辉),et al.Time lag effect between poplar’s sap flow velocity and microclimate factors in agroforestry system in west Liaoning Province.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2010,21(11):2742-2748(in Chinese)
[31]Huang D-W(黄德卫),Zhang D-Q(张德强),Zhou G-Y(周国逸),et al.Characteristics of dominant tree species stem sap flow and their relationships with environmental factors in a mixed conifer-broadleaf forest in Dinghushan,Guangdong Province of South China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2012,23(5):1159-1166(in Chinese)
[2]Wei H-D(魏怀东),Zhou L-P(周兰萍),Xu X-Y(徐先英),et al.Monitoring of dynamic change of land desertification in the Minqin Oasis during the period of2003-2008.Arid Zone Research(干旱区研究),2002,19(3):43-48(in Chinese)
[3]Xu X-Y(徐先英),Ding G-D(丁国栋),Gao Z-H(高志海),et al.Succession of ecological environment in the last 50 years in Minqin Oasis of Gansu Province and its comprehensive controlling countermeasures.Science of Soil and Water Conservation(中国水土保持科学),2006,4(1):40-48(in Chinese)
[4]Li H(李浩),Hu S-J(胡顺军),Zhu H(朱海),et al.Characterization of stem sap flow Haloxylon ammodendron by using thermal dissipation technology.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2017,37(21):7187-7196(in Chinese)
[5]Yue G-Y(岳广阳),Zhang T-H(张铜会),Liu X-P(刘新平),et al.Development and application of thermal methods in measuring stem sap flow.Scientic Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2006,42(8):102-108(in Chinese)
[6]Sun H-Z(孙慧珍),Zhou X-F(周晓峰),Kang S-Z(康绍忠).Research advance in application of heat technique in studying stem sap flow.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2004,15(6):1074-1078(in Chinese)
[7]Zheng H-Z(郑怀舟),Zhu J-M(朱锦懋),Wei X(魏霞),et al.Review on the five thermodynamic technology applied in the research of sap flow.Journal of Fujian Normal University(福建师范大学学报),2007,23(4):119-123(in Chinese)
[8]Ma L(马玲),Zhao P(赵平),Rao X-Q(饶兴权),et al.Main determination methods of tree transpiration.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2005,24(1):88-96(in Chinese)
[9]Zhao P(赵平),Rao X-Q(饶兴权),Ma L(马玲),et al.The variations of sap flux density and whole tree transpiration across individuals of Acacia mangium.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2006,26(12):4050-4058(in Chinese)
[10]Schulze ED,Cermk J,Matyssek R,et al.Canopy transpiration and water fluxes in the xylem of the trunk of Larix and Picea trees a comparison of xylem flow,porometer and cuvette measurements.Oecologia,1985,66:475-483
[11]Phillips N,Nagchaudhuri A,Oren R,et al.Time constant for water transport in loblolly pine trees estimated from time series of evaporative demand and stem sap flow.Trees,1997,11:412-419
[12]Kume T,Komatsu H,Kuraji K,et al.Less than 20-min time lags between transpiration and stem sap flow in emergent trees in a Bornean tropical rainforest.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2008,148:1181-1189
[13]Loustau D,Berbigier P,Roumagnac P,et al.Transpiration of a 64-year-old maritime pine stand in Portugal.Ⅰ.Seasonal course of water flux through maritime pine.Oecologia,1996,107:33-42
[14]Wang H(王华),Ouyang Z-Y(欧阳志云),Zheng H(郑华),et al.Time lag characteristics of stem sap flow of common tree species during their growth season in Beijing downtown.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2009,20(9):2111-2117(in Chinese)
[15]Wang X-F(王小菲),Sun Y-Y(孙永玉),Li K(李昆),et al.Time lag characteristics of stem sap flow of main afforestation tree species during their growth season in Yuanmou dry-hot valley of Southwest China.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis(江西农业大学学报),2013,35(3):462-467(in Chinese)
[16]Xu J-L(徐军亮),Zhang Y-P(章异平).Analysis on sap flow time lag effect of Platycladus orientalis in spring.Research of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持研究),2009,16(4):109-112(in Chinese)
[17]Zhao C-Y(赵春彦),Si J-H(司建华),Feng Q(冯起),et al.Time lag characteristics of stem sap flow of Populus euphratica in desert riparian forest.Journal of Desert Research(中国沙漠),2014,34(5):1254-1260(in Chinese)
[18]Phillips N,Oren R,Zimmermann R,et al.Temporal patterns of water flux in trees and lianas in a Panamanian moist forest.Trees,1999,14:116-123
[19]Granier A,Loustau D,Breda N.A generic model of forest canopy conductance dependent on climate,soil water availability and leaf area index.Annals of Forest Sciences,2000,57:755-765(in Chinese)
[20]Goldstein G,Andrade JL,Meinzer FC,et al.Stem water storage and diurnal patterns of water use in tropical forest canopy trees.Plant,Cell&Environment,1998,21:397-406
[21]Wang H(王华),Zhao P(赵平),Cai X-A(蔡锡安),et al.Time lag effect between stem sap flow and photosynthetically active radiation,vapor pressure deficit of Acacia mangium.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2008,19(2):225-230(in Chinese)
[22]Meng P(孟平),Zhang J-S(张劲松),Wang H-S(王鹤松),et al.Rule of apple trees transpiration and its relation to the micrometeorology on the canopy.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(5):1075-1081(in Chinese)
[23]Granier A.Evaluation of transpiration in a Douglas-fir stand by means of sap flow measurements.Tree Physiology,1987,3:309-320
[24]Lu P(陆平),Urban L,Zhao P(赵平).Granier’s thermal dissipation probe(TDP)method for measuring sap flow in trees:Theory and practice.Acta Botnica Sinica(植物学报),2004,46(6):631-646(in Chinese)
[25]Dang H-Z(党宏忠),Yang W-B(杨文斌),Li W(李卫),et al.Radial variation and time lag of sap flow of Populus gansuensis in Minqin Oasis,Northwest China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2014,25(9):2501-2510(in Chinese)
[26]Ma L(马玲),Zhao P(赵平),Rao X-Q(饶兴权),et al.Effects of environmental factors on sap flow in Acacia mangium.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2005,25(9):2145-2151(in Chinese)
[27]Zhang X-Y(张晓艳),Chu J-M(褚建民),Meng P(孟平),et al.Effects of environmental factors on evapotranspiration characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron plantation in the Minqin oasis-desert ectone,Northwest China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2016,27(8):2390-2400(in Chinese)
[28]Wang H-M(王慧梅),Sun W(孙伟),Zu Y-G(祖元刚),et al.Complexity and its integrative effects of the time lags of environment factors affecting Larix gmelinii stem sap flow.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2011,22(12):3109-3116(in Chinese)
[29]Xu S-Q(徐世琴),Ji X-B(吉喜斌),Jin B-W(金博文).Dynamics and responses of sap flow of typical sand binding plants Haloxylon ammodendron to environmental variables.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2015,39(9):890-900(in Chinese)
[30]Sun D(孙迪),Guan D-X(关德新),Yuan F-H(袁凤辉),et al.Time lag effect between poplar’s sap flow velocity and microclimate factors in agroforestry system in west Liaoning Province.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2010,21(11):2742-2748(in Chinese)
[31]Huang D-W(黄德卫),Zhang D-Q(张德强),Zhou G-Y(周国逸),et al.Characteristics of dominant tree species stem sap flow and their relationships with environmental factors in a mixed conifer-broadleaf forest in Dinghushan,Guangdong Province of South China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2012,23(5):1159-1166(in Chinese)