南海东部俯冲洋脊区段地震静态库伦应力分析
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摘要
根据对马尼拉海沟及其邻区地震分布和震源机制解所反映的最大主压应力轴分布特征的分析,并结合古洋脊俯冲区段地震产生的静态库伦应力分析,发现在马尼拉海沟区域地震分布具有明显的分带特性,北部以NW向挤压应力为主,俯冲洋脊区段以近EW向的挤压应力为主;1999年7.2级地震使得2000年6.2级地震和2011年6.0级地震震中位置的静态库伦应力分别增加了约0.5和0.3bar;2011年6.0级正断型地震和5.0级余震的静态库伦应力变化能较好地反映与余震分布的对应关系,大部分余震位于库伦应力变化值大于0.1bar的触发阈值区域;计算古洋脊俯冲区段强震产生的静态库伦应力变化,结果显示海沟西侧小于10km的深度范围内库伦应力增加值达到0.3~0.5bar,呈NE向展布,吕宋岛弧一侧20km深度范围内均表现为应力增加,应力增加区域与地震的分布较为吻合。
Based on the distribution pattern of earthquakes and the maximum principal stress direction along the Manila Trench and its adjacent region,combined with the static Coulomb stress analysis for the paleoridge segment of the Manila subduction zone,we found the zonal distribution of earthquakes in the northern area of Manila Trench.The maximum principal stresses are dominated by the stress in northwest direction.However,the compressive stress is mainly in eastwest direction in the paleo-ridge segment of the Manila subduction zone.The earthquake with the moment magnitude of 7.2happened on December 11,1999 brought about the subsequent 2000 Mw6.2earthquake and 2011 Mw6.0earthquake,with an increase of the static Coulomb stresses upto 0.5bar and 0.3bar respectively which are closer to the Coulomb failure.The static Coulomb stress change of the earthquake with the moment magnitude 6.0and the aftershock in a moment magnitude of 5.0on November 30,2011,which was caused by normal faults,can better reflect the corresponding relationship of the aftershock distribution.Most of aftershocks are located in the areas with Coulomb stress increased greater than 0.1bar.The calculation result of the Coulomb stress change of the normal receiver faults imparted from ridge segment shows that the Coulomb stress increased0.3~0.5bar in less than 10 km depth ranges and they are mainly along the NE distribution on the ridge segment side.The Coulomb stress increased in an area as deep as 20 km on the Luzon arc side,and is consistent with the earthquakes distribution.
Based on the distribution pattern of earthquakes and the maximum principal stress direction along the Manila Trench and its adjacent region,combined with the static Coulomb stress analysis for the paleoridge segment of the Manila subduction zone,we found the zonal distribution of earthquakes in the northern area of Manila Trench.The maximum principal stresses are dominated by the stress in northwest direction.However,the compressive stress is mainly in eastwest direction in the paleo-ridge segment of the Manila subduction zone.The earthquake with the moment magnitude of 7.2happened on December 11,1999 brought about the subsequent 2000 Mw6.2earthquake and 2011 Mw6.0earthquake,with an increase of the static Coulomb stresses upto 0.5bar and 0.3bar respectively which are closer to the Coulomb failure.The static Coulomb stress change of the earthquake with the moment magnitude 6.0and the aftershock in a moment magnitude of 5.0on November 30,2011,which was caused by normal faults,can better reflect the corresponding relationship of the aftershock distribution.Most of aftershocks are located in the areas with Coulomb stress increased greater than 0.1bar.The calculation result of the Coulomb stress change of the normal receiver faults imparted from ridge segment shows that the Coulomb stress increased0.3~0.5bar in less than 10 km depth ranges and they are mainly along the NE distribution on the ridge segment side.The Coulomb stress increased in an area as deep as 20 km on the Luzon arc side,and is consistent with the earthquakes distribution.
引文
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[2]李三忠,索艳慧,刘鑫,等.南海的基本构造特征与成因模型:问题与进展及论争[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012,32(6):35-53.[LI Sanzhong,SUO Yanhui,LIU Xin,et al.Basic structural pattern and tectonic models of the South China Sea:problems,advances and controversies[J].Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,2012,32(6):35-53.]
[3]Clift P,Lin J,Barckhausen U.Evidence of low flexural rigidity and low viscosity lower continental crust during continental break-up in the South China Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2002,19:951-970.
[4]Zhu J J,Qiu X L,Kopp H,et al.Shallow anatomy of a continent-ocean transition zone in the northern South China Sea from multichannel seismic data[J].Tectonophysics,2012,554-557:18-29.
[5]魏柏林,康英,陈玉桃,等.南海地震与海啸[J].华南地震,2006,26(1):47-60.[WEI Bolin,KANG Ying,CHEN Yutao,et al.Earthquake and tsunami of the South China Sea[J].South China Journal of Seismology,2006,26(1):47-60.]
[6]Taylor B,Hayes D E.Origin and History of the South China Sea Basin[C]∥The tectonic and geological evolution of southeast Asian seas and islands,part 2:Geophysical Monograph.Washington D C:AGU,1983,27:23-56.
[7]詹文欢.南海壳体不同深度构造应力研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,1998,22(2):97-102.[ZHAN Wenhuan.A preliminary analysis of tectonic stress at various depths in the South China Sea crustobody[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,1998,22(2):97-102.]
[8]臧绍先,陈奇志,黄金水.台湾南部—菲律宾地区的地震分布、应力状态及板块的相互作用[J].地震地质,1994,16(1):29-37.[ZANG Shaoxian,CHEN Qizhi,HUANG Jinshui.Distribution of earthquakes,stress state and interaction of the plates in the southern Taiwan-Philippine area[J].Seismology and Geology,1994,16(1):29-37.]
[9]臧绍先,宁杰远.菲律宾海板块与欧亚板块的相互作用及其对东亚构造运动的影响[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(2):188-197.[ZANG Shaoxian,NING Jieyuan.Interaction between Philippine sea plate(PH)and Eurasia(EU)plate and its influence on the movement eastern Asia[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2002,45(2):188-197.]
[10]朱俊江,丘学林,詹文欢,等.南海东部海沟的震源机制解及其构造意义[J].地震学报,2005,27(3):260-268.[ZHU Junjiang,QIU Xuelin,ZHAN Wenhuan,et al.Focal mechanism solutions and its tectonic significance in the trench of the eastern South China Sea[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2005,27(3):260-268.]
[11]Harris R A.Introduction to special section:Stress triggers,stress shadows,and implications for seismic hazard[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(B10):24347-24358.
[12]King G C P,Stein R S,Lin J.Static stress changes and the triggering of earthquakes[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1994,84(3):935-953.
[13]Lin J,Stein R S.Stress triggering in thrust and subduction earthquakes and stress interaction between the southern San Andreas and nearby thrust and strike-slip faults[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2004,109:B02303,doi:10.1029/2003JB002607.
[14]Yu S B,Chen H Y,Kuo L C.Velocity field of GPS stations in the Taiwan area[J].Tectonophysics,1997,274(1-3):41-59.
[15]Zhu J J,Sun Z X,Kopp H,et al.Segmentation of the Manila subduction system from migrated multichannel seismics and wedge taper analysis[J].Marine Geophyscal Research,2013,34:379-391.
[16]Briais A,Patriat P,Tapponnier P.Updated interpretation of magnetic anomalies and seafloor spreading stages in the South China Sea:implications for the tertiary tectonics of Southeast Asia[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1993,98(B4):6299-6328.
[17]Li C F,Xu X,Lin J,et al.Ages and magnetic structures of the South China Sea basin constrained by deep tow magnetic surveys and IODP Expedition 349[J].Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems,2014,15(12):4958-4983.
[18]Tsutsumi H,Perez J S.Large-scale active fault map of the Philippine fault based on aerial photograph interpretation[J].Active fault research,2013,39:29-37.
[19]Hayes D E,Lewis S D.A geophysical study of manila trench,Luzon,Philippines 1.crustal,gravity,and regional tectonic evolution[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89(B11):9171-9195.
[20]Pautot G,Rangin C.Subduction of the South China Sea axial ridge below Luzon(Philippine)[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1989,92:57-69.
[21]Pautot G,Rangin C,Briais A,et al.Spreading direction in the central South China Sea[J].Nature,1986,321:150-154.
[22]吴金龙,韩树桥,李恒修,等.南海中部古扩张脊的构造特征及南海海盆的两次扩张[J].海洋学报,1992,14(1):82-96.[WU Jinlong,HAN Shuqiao,LI Hengxiu,et al.Structure features of central ancient spreading rides of South China Sea and two expansion of South China Sea Basin[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,1992,14(1):82-96.]
[23]Yang T F,Lee P,Chen C H,et al.A double island arc between Taiwan and Luzon:consequence of ridge subduction[J].Tectonophysics,1996,258:85-101.
[24]李家彪,金翔龙,阮爱国,等.马尼拉海沟增生楔中断的挤入构造[J].科学通报,2004,49(10):1000-1008.[LI Jiabiao,JIN Xianglong,RUAN Aiguo,et al.Indentation tectonics in the accretionary wedge of middle Manila trench[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2004,49(10):1000-1008.]
[25]Zoback M L.First-and second-order patterns of stress in the lithosphere:the word stress map project[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(B8):11703-11728.
[26]孙金龙,曹敬贺,徐辉龙.南海东部现时地壳运动、震源机制及晚中新世以来的板块相互作用[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(12):4074-4084.[SUN Jinlong,CAO Jinghe,XU Huilong.Present-day crustal movement and focal mechanism solutions,and plate interaction since late-Miocene in the eastern South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(12):4074-4084.]
[27]万永革,吴忠良,周公威,等.地震静态应力触发模型的全球检验[J].地震学报,2002,24(3):302-316.[WAN Yongge,WU Zhongliang,ZHOU Gongwei,et al.Global test of seismic static stress triggering model[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,2002,24(3):302-316.]
[28]Toda,S,Stein R S,Richards-Dinger K,et al.Forecasting the evolution of seismicity in southern California:Animations built on earthquake stress transfer[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2005,110,B05S16,doi:10.1029/2004JB003415.
[29]吴小平,虎雄林,Bouchon M,等.云南澜沧-耿马Ms7.6地震的完全库仑破裂应力变化与后续地震的动态、静态应力触发[J].中国科学D辑:2007,37(6):746-752.[WU Xiaoping,HU Xionglin,Bouchon M,et al.Complete coulomb failure stress changes and dynamic and static stress triggering on the subsequent earthquakes of Yunnan Lancang-Gengma Ms7.6earthquake[J].Science in China(Series D),2007,37(6):746-752.]
[30]Okada Y.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1992,82:1018-1040.
[31]盛书中,万永革,蒋长胜,等.2015年尼泊尔Ms8.1级强震对中国大陆静态应力触发影响的初探[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(5):1834-1842.[SHENG Shuzhong,WANG Yongge,JIANG Changsheng,et al.Preliminary study on the static stress triggering effects on China mainland with the 2015Nepal Ms8.1earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(5):1834-1842.]
[32]Wells D L,Coppersmith K J.New empirical relationships among magnitude,rupture length,rupture width,rupture area,and surface displacement[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1994,84:974-1002.
[33]Stein R S,Ekstrom G.Seismicity and geometry of a 110-kmLong blind thrust fault 2.Synthesis of 1982-1985California earthquake sequence[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(B4):4865-4883.
[34]Cotton F,Coutant O.Dynamic stress variations due to shear faults in a plane-layered medium[J].Geophysical Journal International,1997,128:676-688.
[35]Parsons T,Stein R S,Simpson R W,et al.Stress sensitivity of fault seismicity:A comparison between limited-offset oblique and major strike-slip faults[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1999,104(B9):20183-20202.
[36]Collettini C,Sibson R H.Normal faults,normal friction?[J].Geology,2001,29(10):927-930.
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