摘要
矿集区找矿预测有着不同于典型矿床和区域性成矿预测的规律和特点,是在厘定区内主要类型矿床的成因类型基础上,以"三位一体"(即成矿地质作用与成矿地质体、成矿构造与成矿结构面、成矿作用特征标志)和成矿系统为主要内容开展工作。文章以辽宁青城子铅锌-金-银矿集区为例,系统总结了矿集区的矿床类型、岩浆-成矿系统、"三位一体"找矿预测要素等关键科学问题。青城子矿集区是中国重要的铅锌-金-银矿集区,由于多年的开采,青城子等矿山濒临危机,如何取得该地区找矿突破,是一个亟待解决的问题。对前人研究成果分析表明,该矿集区内铅锌矿床和金、银矿床的成因类型可能均属于岩浆热液型,而非元古代喷流沉积型,矿床的"层控"现象实为特定岩性界面控制的有利成矿结构面;成矿作用主要与印支期花岗斑岩有关,铅锌矿和金、银矿可能是同一岩浆系统演化的产物。在未来的找矿预测中,应重点开展以下5方面工作:(1)查明矿床的具体成矿地质体;(2)进一步提炼成矿期构造控矿规律和成矿结构面样式;(3)凝练有效的成矿作用特征标志,重点是与成矿有关的远程蚀变标志;(4)构建和完善矿集区中生代岩浆-成矿系统,并注意新矿种、新矿床类型的寻找;(5)探索研究矿集区的自然边界,扩大找矿范围和深度。
The prospecting prediction of an ore concentration area shows different regularities and characteristics from single ore deposits and regional metallogenic prediction,and uses the " trinity" prospecting model( metallogenic geological processes and metallogenic geological bodies,metallogenic structure and metallogenic structural plane,and indicator of metallogenic characteristics) plus metallogenic system to carry out ore prospecting forecast on the basis of the determination of genetic types of ore deposits.With the Qingchengzi Pb-Zn-Au-Ag ore concentration area as an example,this paper summaries and discusses the genetic types of ore deposits,magma-metallogenic system and"trinity" prospecting model in the ore concentration area.The Qingchengzi area is an important large-scale polymetallic ore concentration area possessing Pb,Zn,Ag and Au deposits.However,the deposits have become resources crisis mines accompanied by the exploitation work.How to make new prospecting breakthrough in this area has become an urgent problem that should be solved as soon as possible.On the basis of the analysis of previous research achievements,the authors consider that the Pb-Zn,Au and Ag deposits in this ore concentration area might belong to magmatic hydrothermal type rather than Proterozoic SEDEX type deposits.The "stratabound" character is indeed the beneficial metallogenic structural plane which is controlled by lithologic interface.These deposits are related to Indosinian granite porphyry,and the Pb-Zn,Au and Ag deposits may belong to the same magmatic-metallogenic system.In the future,the prospecting prediction work should focus on the following five aspects:(1) Identifying the specific metallogenic geological bodies of the deposits;(2) Further refining the structural regularity and metallogenic structural plane type of the metallogenic epoch;(3) Condensing effective indicators of metallogenic characteristics,especially the remote alteration indicators related to mineralization;(4) Building and completing the Mesozoic magma-metallogenic system and paying more attention to the new mineral varieties and new deposit types;(5) Exploring the natural boundary of the ore concentration area to expand the prospecting area and depth.
引文
Beijing Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources(BIGM),et al.2015.System design report of prospecting for the eastern Liaoning ore concentration area[R].(in Chinese).
Berger B R and Bagby W C.1991.The geology and origin of Carlin-type gold deposits[A].Foster R P,ed.Gold metallogeny and exploration[C].London:Chapman&Hall.210-248.
Chen B L,Dong F X and Li Z J.1999.Ore-forming model of ductile shear zone type gold deposits[J].Geological Review,45(2):186-192(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen G N,Cao J J and Zhang K.1996.In situ melting and the geochemical field of elements[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.51-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen J.2000.Turbidite-type gold,silver and polymetallic deposits in Qingchengzi orefield in Liaoning[J].Liaoning Geology,17(4):241-244(in Chinese with English abstract).
Chen J.2002.The black shale series and ore deposit in Qingchengzi,Liaoning Province[J].Geology and Resources,11(3):188-192(in Chinese with English abstract).
Cheng X Y,Zhu X Y,Wang Y L,Li S T and Han Y.2012.Research on the alkali metasomatic veins in skarn of the Shizhuyuan W-Sn polymetallic deposit[J].Geology in China,39(4):1023-1033(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai J Z.2005.Characteristics of ore-forming fluids and discussion on the genesis of Au,Ag deposits in Qingchengzi region,Liaoning province(Master Dissertation)[D].Supervisor:Wang K Y,Sun F Y.Changchun:Jilin University.90p(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai J Z,Wang K Y,Yang Y C and Li J H.2006.The characteristics and mechanism of ore-forming fluid of Xiaotongjiabuzi and Linjia gold deposits,Qingchengzi orefield[J].Geological Review,56(6):836-842(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dai L J and Fan B H.1990.Discussion on the metallogenic mechanism of meta-hydrothermal gold deposits in the Early Proterozoic of southern Liaoning[J].Liaoning Geology,2:112-123(in Chinese with English abstract).
David L.2009.Introduction to sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits[R].Short Course for Metallogenic Dynamics(Beijing).
Deng G Q.1983.Types and main ore controlling factors of the Liaohe Group in the middle of Liaodong[J].Liaoning Acta Geologica Sinica,1:53-70(in Chinese).
Dong C J.2012.Geological characteristics of the deposits and analysis of the mineralization system of Qingchengzi Pb-Zn-Au-Ag polymetallic ore field(Doctoral Dissertation)[D].Supervisor:Zhang H T and Chen R Y.Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing).138p(in Chinese with English abstract).
Dong Y S.2004.Metallogenic prognosis of Proterozoic lead-zinc deposit in Northern China(Doctoral Dissertation)[D].Supervisor:Fan J Z.Changchun:Jilin University.100p(in Chinese with English abstract).
Du Z Q,Liu F X and Wu X G.2008.Analysis on geological characteristics and origin of Linjiasandaogou gold deposit[J].Gold,29(4):18-20(in Chinese with English abstract).
Duan X X,Liu J M,WangY B,Zhou L L,Li Y G,Li B,Zhang Z and Zhang Z L.2012.Geochronology,geochemistry and geological significance of Late Triassic magmatism in Qingchengzi orefield,Liaoning[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(2):595-606(in Chinese with English abstract).
Duan X X,Zeng Q D,Yang J H,Liu J M,Wang Y B and Zhou L L.2014.Geochronology,geochemistry and Hf isotope of Late Triassic magmatic rocks of Qingchengzi district in Liaodong Peninsula,Northeast China[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,91:107-124.
Fang J Q,Nie F J,Zhang K,Liu Y and Xu B.2012.Re-Os isotopic dating on molybdenite separates and its geological significance from the Yaojiagou molybdenum deposit,Liaoning Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,28(2):372-378(in Chinese with English abstract).
Hao L B,et al.2012.Summarizing and studying report of geology of the Baiyun Au deposit,Liaoning Province[R].(in Chinese).
He C Z.2015.The characteristics of metallogenic fluid and depths of Yaojiagou porphyry-Mo deposit in Qingchengzi town,Liaoning Province(Master Dissertation)[D].Supervisor:Zhang D H,Zhang JD.Beijing:China University of Geosciences.96p(in Chinese with English abstract).
He S X,Duan J R,Liu J S and Zhang C R.1996.Ductile shear-zone to metallogeny[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-174(in Chinese).
Hou Z Q,Zheng Y C and Geng Y S.2015.Metallic refertilization of lishosphere along cratonic edges and its control on Au,Mo and REEore systems[J].Mineral Deposits,34(4):641-674(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang S Y and Wei J Y.1989.Geochemistry of the Qingchengzi lead-zinc deposit[J].Mineral Deposits,8(4):20-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang Y.1996.Preliminary research on material composition of Taoyuan gold deposit,Dandong,Liaoning[J].Liaoning Geology,(3):217-226(in Chinese with English abstract).
Jiang Y,Liu X L and Liu Z Y.1999.Discussion of the relationship of quartz veins and siliceous rocks with gold and silver metallogenesis[J].Liaoning Geology,16(3):194-209(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lang F Q,Chen H and Liu H G.2007.Geologic characteristics and ore prospecting orientation of Baiyun gold deposit in Liaoning Province[J].Gold,28(11):16-19(in Chinese with English abstract).
Laznika P.1983.Giant ore deposits:Aquantitative approach[J].Global Techniques and Metallogeny,2(1-2):41-63.
Li J H.2005.Study on ore-forming conditions and mineral resource assessment of lead-zinc-silver-gold metallogenic belt in Qingchengzi,Liaoning Province(Doctoral Dissertation)[D].Supervisor:Feng B Z.Changchun:Jilin University.110p(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li R F,Liu X B,Fei S M,Zhang C,Ma G P,Gong G Q,Yang J L and Zhao W H.2013.The query on the source bed and the sources of metallogenic materials[J].Jilin Geology,32(1):20-25(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li S Z,Zhao G C,Santosh M,Liu X and Dai L M.2011.Paleoproterozoic tectonothermal evolution and deep crustal processes in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt,North China Craton:A review[J].Geological Journal,46:525-543.
Li X Y and Zhang L H.1990.Geochemical features of some major metamorphic rocks in Liaohe Group[J].Liaoning Geology,3:199-211(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Y Q,et al.2013.Geological report for detail survey of the Shijiagou Pb-Zn deposit,Qingchengzi of Fengcheng,Liaoning[R].(in Chinese).
Liaoning Academy of Geological Survey for Mineral Resources(LAGSMR).2001.Report for 1∶50 000 regional geological surveying in Qingchengzi area,Liaoning[R].(in Chinese).
Lin X M and Chen G N.2002.Studies on the mineral zoning indicated by geochemical field of elements[J].Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,41(5):91-94(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu G P.1999.Isospatial metallogenesis in Qingchengzi ore field,Liaoning[J].Geological Exploration for Non-Ferrous Metals,8(5):277-282(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu G P and Ai Y F.1999.A discussion on some major problems of the Baiyun gold deposit[J].Mineral Deposits,18(3):219-225(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu G P,Ai Y F,Fen K C and Zhang Z M.1999.Metamorphic rock-hosted disseminated gold deposit:Taking the Xiaotongiapuzi gold deposit of eastern Liaoning as an example[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,73(4):429-437.
Liu G P and Ai Y F.2000.Studies on the mineralization age of Baiyun gold deposit in Liaoning[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,16(4):627-632(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu G P,Ai Y F,Deng Y C and Zhou G X.2001.Metallogenic environment and prospecting evaluation of Au-Ag deposits in Qingchengzi ore field[J].Geology in China,28(1):40-45(in Chinese).
Liu G P and Ai Y F.2002.Study on ore-forming epoch of Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit,Liaoning Province[J].Mineral Deposits,21(1):53-65(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu H G,Chen H,Zhou C Q,Zheng T and Li T Y.2009.Geological characteristics and genesis of Jinfeng gold-silver polymetallic deposit in Qingchengzi ore field[J].Gold,30(4):17-21(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu H J,Sha D X and Li G S.2013.Genetic connection between the lead-zinc and gold-silver deposits in the Qingchengzi ore concentration area in eastern Liaoning[J].Geology and Resources,22(4):299-303(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu J L,Cui Y C and Guan H M.2002.Magmatic core complex in the Liaoning-Jilin-Korea Paleoproterozoic fold belt and its tectonic significance[J].Geological Bulletin of China,21(4-5):202-206(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu J L.1991.Structural evolution of the Early Proterozoic Liaojitite Suite in Qingchengzi area east Liaoning[J].Liaoning Geology,(2):158-166(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu R Q,Dai L J,Shang M Y,Wang T J,Wang Z B,Cui W J and Guan K.2006.Main shear zones in eastern Liaoning Province and features of shear hosted gold mineralization[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,41(2):181-194(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Z Y and Xu X C.2007a.Synthetic information models and analyses of prospecting perspective of the Qingchengzi polymetal metallogenic mine in eastern Liaoning Province[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),37(3):437-443(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Z Y,Xu X C,Tian Y C,Yang D J,Jiang Y Z,Tian S H and Wei M.2007b.Relationship between sedimentation-exhalation ore-forming process and gold-silver polymetallic mineralization in Qingchengzi area,Liaoning Province[J].Mineral Deposits,26(5):563-571(in Chinese with English abstract).
Lu J B,Qin L Y,Zhang M and Yue Y X.2013.Baiyun gold deposit geological characteristics analysis in Fengcheng City of Liaoning Province[J].Non-ferrous mining and metallurgy,29(2):11-15(in Chinese with English abstract).
Luo Y,Sun M,Zhao G C,Li S Z,Xu P,Ye K and Xia X P.2004.LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon ages of the Liaohe Group in the Eastern Block of the North China Craton:Constraints on the evolution of the Jiao-LiaoJi belt[J].Precambrian Research,134(3-4):349-371.
LüG X and Kong Q C.1993.Geology of the Linglong-Jiaojia type gold deposit in Jiaodong area[M].Beijing:Science Press.1-253(in Chinese).
LüZ C,Xue J L and Zhou S H.2014.Exploration examples for continued resources of the Crisis Mines[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-743(in Chinese).
Ma Y B,Xing S W,Zhang Z J and Sun J G.2012.Preliminary study of geochemical characteristics of ore-forming fluid in Zhenzigou veined Pb-Zn deposit,Qingchengzi,Liaoning Province[J].Mineral Deposits,31(3):569-578(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mao J W.1997.Metallogenic speciality of super giant polymetallic tungsten deposit:Taking the Shizhuyuan deposit as an example[J].Scientia Geologica Sinica,32(3):351-363(in Chinese with English abstract).
No.103 Party of Bureau of Non-ferrous Geology of Liaoning Province.1976.Geological survey report of Qingchengzi ore district[R].90-97(in Chinese).
Pan G T,Xiao Q H,Lu S N,Deng J F,Feng Y M,Zhang K X,Zhang Z Y,Wang F G,Xing G F,Hao G J and Feng Y F.2009.Subdivision of tectonic unis in China[J].Geology in China,36(1):1-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qin Y.2013.Geochronological constraints on the tectonic evolution of the Liao-Ji Paleoproterozoic rift zone(Doctoral Dissertation)[D].Supervisor:Liang Y H.Changchun:Jilin University.156p(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qiu Z J,Fan H R,Cong P Z,Liu X and Yang K F.2015.Recent progress in the study of ore-forming processes of orogenic gold deposits[J].Mineral Deposits,34(1):21-28(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rui Z Y,Shi L D and Fang R H.1994.Geology of non-ferrous deposits in North Margin of the North China Craton and its adjacent areas[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-576(in Chinese).
Sillitoe R H and Bonham H F Jr.1990.Sediment hosted gold deposits:Distal products of magmatic-hydrothermal systems[J].Geology,18(2):157-161.
Sun G Q,Sun Q M and Zheng T.2008a.Geological characteristics and metallogenic machenism of the Taoyuan gold deposit in Qingchengzi ore field,Liaoning[J].Gansu Metallurgy,30(6):49-51(in Chinese).
Sun G Q,Sun Q M and Sun H Y.2008b.Geological characteristics and prospecting direction of Linjiasandaogou gold deposit,Liaoning[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,12:148-150(in Chinese).
Sun G Q,et al.2010.Supplementary report for detail survey of the Linjiasaandaogou Au deposit,Fengcheng,Liaoning[R].(in Chinese).
Sun J C.2000.The textural characteristics of different grade geochemical field in Qingchengzi ore field[J].Non-Ferrous Mining and Metallurgy,16(6):1-13(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun L M,Sun W T and Zhao G F.1997.Geological characteristics of Xiaodongjiabaozi gold-silver deposit of Qingchengzi ore field and it source of mineralized matter[J].Gold,18(12):13-18(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun W T.1995.Thinkings on the further prospecting in the Qingchengzi multimetal orefield[J].Geological Exploration for Non-ferrous Metals,4(6):346-350(in Chinese with English abstract).
Sun W T.2007.Deep level prospecting in Liaoning Qingchengzi multimetallogenic province[J].Non-ferrous Mining and Metallurgy,23(6):1-4(in Chinese with English abstract).
Tian Y C.1999.Geology and metallogenesis of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit[J].Geological Exploration for Non-Ferrous Metals,8(5):263-269(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang D B.1998.The separation of gold from lead-zinc mineralization and their paragenesis[J].Contributions To Geology and Mineral Resources Resources Research,13(4):53-60(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang D B,Shao S C,Liu G P and Xu Y.2001.The space-time relationship of gold to lead-zinc mineralization and its application[J].Mineral Deposits,20(1):78-85(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang K Y,Wang L,Liu Z H and Wang J Y.2008.Characteristics of fluid inclusions and origin of Gaojiapuzi silver deposit,Liaoning Province[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,24(9):2085-2093(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang L,Zhang Y W and Liu S G.2009.The application of regional gravity and magnetic data to delineating intrusive bodies and local geological,structures in Guizhou Province[J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,33(3):245-249(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang X F,Liu P D,Yang G L,Zhang X M and Y X.2010.Analyzing the geological features of the Qingchengzi Pb-Zn ore field[J].Nonferrous Mining and Metallurgy,26(2):2-21(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang X Q.2000.Exploration geochemistry for giant ore deposits or world-class camps in concealed terrains[J].Mineral Deposits,19(1):76-87(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Y C,Wang K Y,Zhang M,Liang Y H,Li J F,Fu L J and Wang Z G.2015.Characteristics of hydrothermal superposition mineralization and fluid origins of the Xiaotongjiapuzi gold deposit in Liaoning Province[J].Geology and Exploration,51(1):79-87(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wang Y W,Ye T Z,Wang J B,LüZ C,Wei C S,Liao Z and Zhang HQ.2015.Main metallogenetic geological processes and conventional deposit types in China[J].Mineral Exploration,5(2):111-123(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu F Y,Yang J H and Liu X M.2005.Geochronological framework of the Mesozoic granitic magmatism in the Liaodong Peninsula,Northeast China[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,11(3):305-317(in Chinese with English abstract).
Wu R Y,Li Z X,Chen H,Liu H G and Li T Y.2009.Geological characteristics and prospecting direction of Yangshu gold deposit in Liaoning Fengcheng[J].Gold,30(10):17-20(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xu Y.2002.Potential mineral resources and exploration in districts of concentrated metallogenesis[J].Geology in China,29(3):263-270(in Chinese with English abstract).
Xue C J,Chen Y C,Lu Y F and Li H Q.2003.Metallogenic epochs of Au and Ag deposits in Qingchengzi ore clustered area,eastern Liaoning Province[J].Mineral Deposits,22(2):177-184(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yan L W and Yao Y Z.2004.Progress of research on gold“source bed/rock"[J].Geology and Resources,13(4):253-256(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang B.2002.The exhalative sedimentary-telescoping mineralization and metallogenic model of Fozichong lead-zinc deposit,Guangxi Province(Doctoral Dissertation)[D].Supervisor:Luo L Y.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology.98p(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang F C and Song Y H,Hao L B and Chai P.2015.Late Jurassic SHRIMP U-Pb age and Hf isotopic characteristics of granite from the Sanjiazi area in Liaodong and their geological significance[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,89(10):1773-1782(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yang J H and Wu F Y.2009.Triassic magmatism and its relation to decratonization in the eastern North China Craton[J].Science in China,Ser.D-Earth Sci.,39(7):910-921(in Chinese).
Yang L Q,Deng J,Wang Z L,Zhang L,Guo L N,Song M C and Zheng X L.2014.Mesozoic gold metallogenic system of the Jiaodong gold province,eastern China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,30(9):2447-2467(in Chinese with English abstract).
Yao S Z,Zhou Z G,Lv X B,Chen S Y,Ding Z J and Wang P.2006.Mineralization characteristics and prospecting potential in the Qinling metallogenic belt[J].Northwestern Geology,39(2):156-178(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye T Z and Xue J L.2007.Geological study in search of metallic ore deposits at depth[J].Geology in China,34(5):855-869(in Chinese with English abstract).
Ye T Z,Lv Z C,Pang Z S,Zhang D H,Liu S Y,Wang Q M,Liu J J,Cheng Z Z,Li C L,Xiao K Y,Zhen S M,Du Z Z and Chen Z L.2014.Theory and method of prospecting prediction in prospecting area[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-703(in Chinese).
Yu G,Chen J F,Xue C J,Chen Y C,Chen F K and Du X Y.2009.Geochronological framework and Pb,Sr isotope geochemistry of the Qingchengzi Pb-Zn-Ag-Au orefield,Northeastern China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,35:367-382.
Zeng Q D,et al.2012.Summarizing and studying report of geology of the qingchengzi Pb-Zn deposit,Liaoning Province[R].(in Chinese).
Zhang H J,Wu H and Zhao H L.2012.Comparative study on the Liaoning Qingchengzi and North Korea Jiande lead-zinc deposits[J].Morden Geology,513:54-57(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Q S.1984.Geology and metallogeny of the Early Precambrian in China[M].Changchun:People's Publishing House of Jilin.1-536(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang S,Zhang D,Sha D X,Kou L L and Zhao D F.2012.Metallogenetic characteristics and genesis of the gold(silver)mineralization in Linjiasandaogou-Xiaotongjiapuzi area,eastern Liaoning Province[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),42(3):725-732(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang S.2014.Geological characteristics and metallogenetic mechanism of Au-Ag deposits in Linjiashandaogou-Xiaotongjiapuzi region,eastern Liaoning Province(Master Dissertation)[D].Supervisor:Yang Y C.Changchun:Jilin University.38p(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang W Q,Zheng T,Zhang X and Xu D N.2007.Geological characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of Yangshu large-scale Au-Ag deposits in Qingchengzi orefield primary study[J].Non-ferrous Mining and Metallurgy,23(2):4-6(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Y N and Yao F Q.2013.Discovery and significance of Si-K altered rock type gold deposit in Baiyun gold deposit[J].Northwestern Geology,46(3):122-128(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao H Z,Yang S S and Li H.2009.Geologic features of Baiyun gold ore deposit and discussion of the genesis[J].Non-ferrous Mining and Metallurgy,25(3):4-7(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao X Y.1989.Humble opinion on the source bed[J].Earth Science,(12):60,68(in Chinese).
Zhao Y,Zhang P,LüJ C,Zhang S,Kou L L and Yang Z J.2015.Characteristics of ore-forming fluids in the Gaojiapuzi Ag deposit of the Qingchengzi orefield,Liaoning Province and geological implications[J].Geology and Exploration,51(3):441-450(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhao Y Y,Ma Z H and Li L M.1995.Study on the discrimination method of the ore source bed[J].Global Geology,14(4):45-49(in Chinese).
Zhen Y Q.1989.On source beds of gold deposits[J].Geology and Prospecting,25(8):1-8(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu R X,Fan H R,Li J W,Meng Q R,Li S R and Zeng Q D.2015.Decratonic gold deposits[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,58:1523-1537,doi:10.1007/s11430-015-5139-x(in Chinese).
Zhu X Y,Wang R T and Wang D B.2011.Metallogenic model and prospecting prediction of the lead-zinc-gold-copper-silver deposits in Western Qinling[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House.1-212(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu X Y,et al.2012.Summarizing and studying report of geology of the Shuikoushan Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit,Hunan Province[R].(in Chinese).
Zhu X Y,Wang J B,Wang Y L and Cheng X Y.2015.The role of magma-hydrothermal transition fluid in the skarn-type tungsten mineralization process:A case study from the Shizhuyuan tungsten and tin polymetallic ore deposit[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,31(3):891-905(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhuang W M,Peng ZL,Lin XM,Zhang X H and Jiang L T.2011.Metallogenetic zonation and exploring direction of ore-deposits in the Changkeng-Chashan ore-field,Guangdong Province[J].Earth Science Frontiers,18(1):102-109(in Chinese with English abstract).
北京矿产地质研究院,等.2015.辽宁省东部矿集区找矿预测(总体设计)[R].
陈柏林,董法先,李中坚.1999.韧性剪切带型金矿成矿模式[J].地质论评,45(2):186-192.
陈国能,曹建劲,张珂.1996.原地重熔与元素地球化学场:论花岗岩的成因与成矿及大陆内生过程的物质旋回[M].北京:地质出版社.51-62.
陈江.2000.辽宁青城子矿田浊积岩型金银多金属矿床[J].辽宁地质,17(4):241-244.
陈江.2002.辽宁青城子地区黑色岩系与矿床[J].地质与资源,11(3):188-192.
程细音,祝新友,王艳丽,李顺庭,韩英.2012.柿竹园钨锡多金属矿床矽卡岩中碱交代脉研究[J].中国地质,39(4):1023-1033.
代军治.2005.辽宁青城子地区金、银矿床成矿流体特征及成因探讨(硕士论文)[D].导师:王可勇,孙丰月.吉林:吉林大学.90页.
代军治,王可勇,杨言辰,李基宏.2006.青城子小佟家堡子、林家金矿成矿流体特征及成矿机制[J].地质论评,56(6):836-842.
戴立军,樊秉鸿.1990.辽南早元古宙变质热液型金矿床[J].辽宁地质,2:112-123.
邓功全.1983.辽东中部辽河群层控铅锌矿床类型及其主要控矿因素[J].辽宁地质学报,1:53-70.
董存杰.2012.青城子铅锌金银多金属矿田矿床地质特征及成矿系统分析(博士论文)[D].导师:张洪涛,陈仁义.北京:中国地质大学.138页.
董耀松.2004.中国北方元古宙铅锌矿成矿预测(博士论文)[D].导师:范继璋.长春:吉林大学.100页.
杜祖权,刘福兴,吴喜刚.2008.辽宁凤城林家三道沟金矿床地质特征及矿床成因分析[J].黄金,29(4):18-20.
段晓侠,刘建明,王永彬,周伶俐,李永贵,李斌,张壮,张作伦.2012.辽宁青城子铅锌多金属矿田晚三叠世岩浆岩年代学、地球化学及地质意义[J].岩石学报,28(2):595-606.
方俊钦,聂凤军,张可,刘勇,徐备.2012.辽宁姚家沟钼矿床辉钼矿Re-Os同位素年龄测定及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,28(2):372-378.
郝立波,等.2012.辽宁省白云金矿床研究总结报告[R].
何绍勋,段嘉瑞,刘继顺,张曾荣.1996.韧性剪切带与成矿[M].北京:地质出版社.1-174.
和成忠.2015.辽宁青城子姚家沟钼矿流体特征及成矿深度估算(硕士论文)[D].导师:张德会,张计东.北京:中国地质大学.96页.
侯增谦,郑远川,耿元生.2015.克拉通边缘岩石圈金属再富集与金-钼-稀土元素成矿作用[J].矿床地质,34(4):641-674.
姜瑛.1996.桃园金矿矿床物质成分的初步研究[J].辽宁地质,(3):217-226.
姜瑛,刘先利,刘志远.1999.青城子矿田石英脉-硅质岩与金银成矿关系讨论[J].辽宁地质,16(3):194-209.
蒋少涌,魏菊英.1989.青城子铅锌矿床的地球化学[J].矿床地质,8(4):20-28.
郎福全,陈贺,刘恒刚.2007.辽宁凤城白云金矿床地质特征及找矿方向[J].黄金,28(11):16-19.
李基宏.2005.辽宁青城子铅锌银金矿集区成矿条件与成矿预测(博士论文)[D].导师:冯本智.长春:吉林大学.110页.
李瑞峰,刘小斌,费书民,张冲,马国鹏,宫贯乾,杨建岭,赵文浩.2013.关于矿源层和成矿物质来源的探讨[J].吉林地质,32(1):20-25.
李星云,张丽华.1990.辽河群几种主要变质岩地球化学特征[J].辽宁地质,3:199-211.
李永贵等.2013.辽宁省凤城市青城子镇石家沟铅锌矿详查地质报告[R].
辽宁省地质矿产调查院.2001.1:5万区域地质调查报告(青城子镇幅)[R].
林小明,陈国能.2002.从离子半径变化看元素地球化学场中的成矿分带[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),41(5):91-94.
刘国平.1999.辽宁青城子矿田的同位成矿作用[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,8(5):277-282.
刘国平,艾永富.1999.辽宁白云金矿床某些基本问题探讨[J].矿床地质,18(3):219-225.
刘国平,艾永富.2000.辽宁白云金矿床成矿时代探讨[J].岩石学报,16(4):627-632.
刘国平,艾永富,邓延昌,周广学.2001.青城子矿田金银矿床成矿环境和找矿评价[J].中国地质,28(1):40-45.
刘国平,艾永富.2002.辽宁小佟家堡子金矿床成矿时代探讨[J].矿床地质,21(1):53-65.
刘恒刚,陈贺,周传勤,郑廷,李太阳.2009.青城子矿田金凤金银多金属矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].黄金,30(4):17-21.
刘洪津,沙德喜,李国树.2013.辽宁青城子矿集区铅锌和金银矿床成生关系[J].地质与资源,22(4):299-303.
刘俊来.1991.青城子地区早元古宙辽吉岩套的构造演化[J].辽宁地质,(2):158-166.
刘俊来,崔迎春,关会梅.2002.辽吉朝褶皱带古元古宙岩浆核杂岩及其大地构造意义[J].地质通报,21(4-5):202-206.
刘如琦,戴立军,商木元,王铁军,汪振斌,崔武军,关康.2006.辽东的主要剪切带及其金矿化特征[J].地质科学,41(2):181-194.
刘志远,徐学纯.2007a.辽东青城子金银多金属成矿区综合信息找矿模型及找矿远景分析[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),37(3):437-443.
刘志远,徐学纯,田豫才,杨德江,蒋永臻,田树海,魏民.2007b.辽东青城子地区喷流-沉积成矿作用与金银多金属矿化的关系[J].矿床地质,26(5):563-571.
陆军波,秦连元,张蒙,岳远宪.2013.辽宁凤城白云金矿床地质特征分析[J].有色矿冶,29(2):11-15.
吕古贤,孔庆存.1993.胶东玲珑-焦家式金矿地质[M].北京:科学出版社.1-253.
吕志成,薛建玲,周圣华.2014.危机矿山接替资源找矿勘查案例[M].北京:地质出版社.1-743.
马玉波,邢树文,张增杰,孙景贵.2012.辽宁青城子榛子沟脉状铅锌矿成矿流体地球化学初探[J].矿床地质,31(3):569-578.
毛景文.1997.超大型钨多金属矿床成矿特殊性---以湖南柿竹园矿床为例[J].地质科学,32(3):351-363.
潘桂棠,肖庆辉,陆松年,邓晋福,冯益民,张克信,张智勇,王方国,邢光福,郝国杰,冯艳芳.2009.中国大地构造单元划分[J].中国地质,36(1):1-28.
秦亚.2013.辽吉古元古裂谷带构造演化的年代学制约(博士论文)[D].导师:梁一鸿.长春:吉林大学.156页.
邱正杰,范宏瑞,丛培章,刘玄,杨奎锋.2015.造山型金矿床成矿过程研究进展[J].矿床地质,34(1):21-28.
芮宗瑶,施林道,方如恒.1994.华北陆块北缘及邻区有色金属矿床地质[M].北京:地质出版社.1-576.
孙国强,孙启明,郑廷.2008a.辽宁青城子矿田桃源金矿床地质特征及成矿机制探讨[J].甘肃冶金,30(6):49-51.
孙国强,孙启明,孙洪云.2008b.辽宁林家三道沟金矿床地质特征及找矿方向[J].西部探矿工程,12:148-150.
孙国强,等.2010.辽宁省凤城市林家三道沟金矿地质详查补充报告[R].
孙继春.2000.青城子矿田不同级次地球化学场结构特征[J].有色矿冶,16(6):1-13.
孙立民,孙文涛,赵广繁.1997.青城子矿田小佟家堡子金银矿床地质特征及成矿物质来源探讨[J].黄金,18(12):13-18.
孙文涛.1995.青城子多金属矿田深入找矿思路浅谈[J].有色金属矿产与勘查,4(6):346-350.
孙文涛.2007.辽宁凤城青城子多金属矿集区深层次找矿[J].有色矿冶,23(6):1-4.
田豫才.1999.辽东小佟家堡子金矿床地质特征及成矿机理探讨[J].有色金属矿床与勘查,8(5):263-269.
汪东波.1998.金同铅锌矿化的分离及共生[J].地质找矿论丛,13(4):53-60.
汪东波,邵世才,刘国平,徐勇.2001.金与铅锌矿化的时空关系及应用[J].矿床地质,20(1):78-85.
王可勇,王力,刘正宏,汪建宇.2008.辽宁高家堡子大型银矿床流体包裹体特征及矿床成因[J].岩石学报,24(9):2085-2093.
王亮,张应文,刘盛光.2009.区域重磁资料圈定贵州境内侵入岩体及局部地质构造[J].物探与化探,33(3):245-249.
王秀福,刘培栋,杨桂莲,张秀敏,衣欣.2010.青城子铅锌矿田地质特征[J].有色矿冶,26(2):2-21.
王学求.2000.巨型矿床与大型矿集区勘查地球化学[J].矿床地质,19(1):76-87.
王一存,王可勇,张淼,梁一鸿,李剑锋,付丽娟,王志高.2015.辽宁小佟家堡子金矿床成矿流体特征及来源讨论[J].地质与勘探,51(1):79-87.
王玉往,叶天竺,王京彬,吕志成,韦昌山,廖震,张会琼.2015.中国主要成矿地质作用及常见矿床类型[J].矿产勘查,5(2)111-123.
吴福元,杨进辉,柳小明.2005.辽东半岛中生代花岗质岩浆作用的年代学格架[J].高校地质学报,11(3):305-317.
吴润友,李载新,陈贺,刘恒刚,李太阳.2009.辽宁凤城杨树金矿床地质特征及找矿方向[J].黄金,30(10):17-20.
徐勇.2002.浅论矿集区的资源潜力与勘查评价[J].中国地质,29(3):263-270.
薛春纪,陈毓川,路远发,李华芹.2003.辽东青城子矿集区金、银成矿时代及地质意义[J].矿床地质,22(2):177-184.
阎立伟,姚玉增.2004.金矿“矿源层(岩)"研究进展[J].地质与资源,13(4):253-256.
杨斌.2002.广西佛子冲铅锌多金属矿田热水沉积-叠生改造成矿与找矿模式(博士论文)[D].导师:郑明华,骆良羽.成都:成都理工大学.98页.
杨凤超,宋运红,郝立波,柴鹏.2015.辽东三家子地区晚侏罗世花岗岩SHRIMP U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及地质意义[J].地质学报,89(10):1773-1782.
杨进辉,吴福元.2009.华北东部三叠纪岩浆作用与克拉通破坏[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,39(7):910-921.
杨立强,邓军,王中亮,张良,郭林楠,宋明春,郑小礼.2014.胶东中生代金成矿系统[J].岩石学报,30(9):2447-2467.
姚书振,周宗桂,吕新彪,陈守余,丁振举,王苹.2006.秦岭成矿带成矿特征与找矿方向研究[J].西北地质,39(2):156-178.
叶天竺,薛建玲.2007.金属矿床深部找矿中的地质研究[J].中国地质,34(5):855-869.
叶天竺,吕志成,庞振山,张德会,刘士毅,王全明,刘家军,程志中,李超岭,肖克炎,甄世民,杜泽忠,陈正乐.2014.勘查区找矿预测理论与方法[M].北京:地质出版社.1-703.
辽宁省有色地质局一○三地质队.1976.青城子矿区地质调查报告(内部资料)[R].90-97.
曾庆栋,等.2012.辽宁省青城子铅锌矿床研究总结报告[R].
张红军,吴昊,赵海玲.2012.辽宁青城子铅锌矿床与朝鲜检德铅锌矿床对比研究[J].现代矿业,513:54-57.
张秋生.1984.中国早前寒武纪地质及成矿作用[M].长春:吉林人民出版社.1-536.
张森,张迪,沙德喜,寇林林,赵东芳.2012.辽东林家三道沟-小佟家堡子地区金(银)矿成矿特征及成因[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),42(3):725-732.
张森.2014.辽东林家三道沟-小佟家堡子地区金银矿床地质(硕士论文)[D].导师:杨言辰.吉林:吉林大学.38页.
张文庆,郑廷,张晓,徐丁宁.2007.青城子矿田杨树金银矿床地质特征及成矿机制初探[J].有色矿冶,23(2):4-6.
张亚楠,姚富强.2013.辽宁凤城白云金矿硅钾蚀变岩型金矿的发现及其意义[J].西北地质,46(3):122-128.
赵鸿志,杨沈生,李辉.2009.白云金矿床地质特征及成因探讨[J].有色矿冶,25(3):4-7.
赵兴元.1989.矿源层研究之管见[J].地球科学,(12):60,68.
赵岩,张朋,吕骏超,张森,寇林林,杨志军.2015.辽宁青城子矿田高家堡子银矿成矿流体特征及地质意义[J].地质与勘探,51(3):441-450.
赵元艺,马志红,李林茂.1995.矿源层判别方法研究[J].世界地质,14(4):45-49.
真允庆.1989.论金矿床的矿源层问题[J].地质与勘探,25(8):1-8.
朱日祥,范宏瑞,李建威,孟庆任,李胜荣,曾庆栋.2015.克拉通破坏型金矿床[J].中国科学:地球科学,45(8):1153-1168.
祝新友,王瑞廷,汪东波.2011.西秦岭铅锌金铜银矿床成矿模式研究及找矿预测[M].北京:地质出版社.1-212.
祝新友,等.2012.湖南水口山铅锌多金属矿床典型矿床研究总结报告[R].
祝新友,王京彬,王艳丽,程细音.2015.浆液过渡态流体在矽卡岩型钨矿成矿过程中的作用---以湖南柿竹园钨锡多金属矿为例[J].岩石学报,31(3):891-905.
庄文明,彭卓伦,林小明,张献河,姜莲婷.2011.广东长坑-茶山矿田成矿元素分带规律与找矿方向[J].地学前缘,18(1):102-109.