我国3-6岁幼儿身体素质动态变化特征研究
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摘要
通过文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法对我国3-6岁幼儿身体素质动态变化进行研究。结果:我国3-6岁幼儿身体素质总体状况堪忧。同时期不同年龄段,除坐位体前屈外,其它指标存在自然增长现象;不同时期同年龄段,除立定跳远和双脚连续跳增长外,其它指标无变化或存在下降趋势。幼儿身体素质下降主要受教育制度和传统思想、缺少强有力的幼儿体育政策、学校政策执行力不够、缺乏以运动游戏为主的幼儿体育课程、缺乏体育师资等影响。建议:加强政府指导和干预作用;发挥社会组织的功能;加强幼儿体育政策执行力度;解放思想,让孩子玩出个性;开发发展适宜性幼儿运动课程;加强幼儿体育师资队伍建设。
This paper will study dynamic changes of physical fitness of 3-6 years old children in our country by means of documentary data, mathematical statistics and logical analysis. Results: The physical fitness of 3-6 years old children in our country is in a worrying condition. In the same period of different ages, the indexes of other projects except for sitting-frontal flexion showed a natural growth phenomenon. In the same age of different periods, there was no change or declining trend in other indexes except for standing long jump and continuous jumping of both feet. The declining of physical fitness is mainly influenced by the education system and traditional thinking, the lack of a strong policy of kid's sports, the insufficient implementation of school policies, the lack of early childhood physical education programs based on sports games, and the lack of physical education teachers. Suggestions: In order to improve the physical fitness of preschool children, we should strengthen the role of government guidance and intervention. Play the role of social organizations. Strengthen the implementation of kid's sports policy; emancipate the mind and let the children play a personality. Develop the early childhood sports curriculum of developmentally appropriateness. Strengthen the construction of preschool children's physical education faculty.
This paper will study dynamic changes of physical fitness of 3-6 years old children in our country by means of documentary data, mathematical statistics and logical analysis. Results: The physical fitness of 3-6 years old children in our country is in a worrying condition. In the same period of different ages, the indexes of other projects except for sitting-frontal flexion showed a natural growth phenomenon. In the same age of different periods, there was no change or declining trend in other indexes except for standing long jump and continuous jumping of both feet. The declining of physical fitness is mainly influenced by the education system and traditional thinking, the lack of a strong policy of kid's sports, the insufficient implementation of school policies, the lack of early childhood physical education programs based on sports games, and the lack of physical education teachers. Suggestions: In order to improve the physical fitness of preschool children, we should strengthen the role of government guidance and intervention. Play the role of social organizations. Strengthen the implementation of kid's sports policy; emancipate the mind and let the children play a personality. Develop the early childhood sports curriculum of developmentally appropriateness. Strengthen the construction of preschool children's physical education faculty.
引文
[1] 江崇民,张一民.中国体质研究的进程与发展趋势[J].体育科学,2008,28(9):25-32.
[2] 国家体育总局.2000年国民体质监测报告[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2002.
[3] 国家体育总局.第二次国民体质监测报告[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2007.
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[7] 郝晓岑.中日韩幼儿体育概览[J].体育文化导刊,2017(7):153-158.
[8] 教育部.关于学习贯彻《中共中央国务院关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见》的通知[EB/OL].[2017-12-28].http://old.moe.gov.cn.
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[13] 梅崇铁.课程游戏化背景下幼儿园体育活动的开展[J].学前教育研究,2016(8):64-66.
[14] 刘金富,魏源,朱小烽.幼儿在园身体活动观察系统的建构与运用[J].学前教育研究,2016(8):51-60.
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[18] Presidential Youth Fitness Program [EB/OL].[2017-12-28].https://www.pyfp.org.
[19] 郝晓岑,王凯珍,毛阳涛.积极生态系统下美国幼儿体育政策研究[J].中国体育科技,2017,53(5):3-11,47.
[20] 王书彦.学校体育政策执行力及其评价指标体系实证研究一一以黑龙江省普通中学为例[D].福州:福建师范大学,2009.
[21] 马超.以小见大姚明赴约[N].中国体育报,2017-06-07(2).
[22] 程妍涛.美国《3-5岁儿童运动课程的适宜性实践》的内容、特色及启示[J].体育文化导刊,2016(3):161-166.
[23] 孙丽丽.美国发展适宜性实践早教方案研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016:10-11.
[24] National Association for Sport and Physical Education. Appropriate Practices in Movement Programs for Children Ages 3-5(3rd Edition)[EB/OL].[2017-12-28].http://www.naspeinfo.org.
[25] 庄弼,任绮,李孟宁,等.幼儿体育活动及其内容体系的思考[J].体育学刊,2015,22(6):64-70.
[26] 吴升扣,张首文,邢新菊.动作发展视角下幼儿体育与健康领域学习目标的国际比较研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(5):75-80.
[27] 辛利,庄弼,周毅.动作教育在幼儿园课程设置中的地位[J].体育学刊,2015,22(6):72-74.
[28] 北京大学体育教研部.2018北大国际幼儿体育高层论坛即将召开,聚焦幼儿健康发展[EB/OL].[2018-04-27].https://pe.pku.edu.cn.
[2] 国家体育总局.2000年国民体质监测报告[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2002.
[3] 国家体育总局.第二次国民体质监测报告[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2007.
[4] 国家体育总局.2010年国民体质监测公报[EB/OL].[2017-12-28].http://www.sport.gov.cn/n315/n329/c212339/content.html.
[5] 国家体育总局.2014年国民体质监测公报[EB/OL].[2017-12-28].http://www.sport.gov.cn/n315/n329/c216784/content.html.
[6] 陶小娟,汪晓赞.中国3-6岁幼儿运动游戏课程目标体系的理论框架构建:基于三大“核心素养”的价值取向[J].武汉体育学院学报,2017,51(12):68-74.
[7] 郝晓岑.中日韩幼儿体育概览[J].体育文化导刊,2017(7):153-158.
[8] 教育部.关于学习贯彻《中共中央国务院关于加强青少年体育增强青少年体质的意见》的通知[EB/OL].[2017-12-28].http://old.moe.gov.cn.
[9] 郝晓岑.我国幼儿体育政策分析[J].体育文化导刊,2013(4):9-12.
[10] 教育部.关于印发《3-6岁儿童学习与发展指南》的通知[EB/OL].[2017-12-28].http://www.moe.gov.cn.
[11] 新京报网.国内首部《学龄前儿童(3～6岁)运动指南》出炉[EB/OL].[2018-06-09]http://www.bjnews.com.cn.
[12] 张莹.动作发展视角下的幼儿体育活动内容实证研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2012,35(3):133-140,145.
[13] 梅崇铁.课程游戏化背景下幼儿园体育活动的开展[J].学前教育研究,2016(8):64-66.
[14] 刘金富,魏源,朱小烽.幼儿在园身体活动观察系统的建构与运用[J].学前教育研究,2016(8):51-60.
[15] 龚正伟,肖焕禹,盖洋.美国体育政策的研究[J].上海体育学院学报,2014,38(1):18-24.
[16] The Healthy Steps for Young Children Program [and] Effects of the Healthy Steps for Young Children Program at 2-4 Months[EB/OL].[2017-12-28].http://eric.ed.gov.
[17] Task Force on Childhood Obesity May 2010 Full Report[EB/OL].[2017-12-28]. http://www.letsmove.gov.
[18] Presidential Youth Fitness Program [EB/OL].[2017-12-28].https://www.pyfp.org.
[19] 郝晓岑,王凯珍,毛阳涛.积极生态系统下美国幼儿体育政策研究[J].中国体育科技,2017,53(5):3-11,47.
[20] 王书彦.学校体育政策执行力及其评价指标体系实证研究一一以黑龙江省普通中学为例[D].福州:福建师范大学,2009.
[21] 马超.以小见大姚明赴约[N].中国体育报,2017-06-07(2).
[22] 程妍涛.美国《3-5岁儿童运动课程的适宜性实践》的内容、特色及启示[J].体育文化导刊,2016(3):161-166.
[23] 孙丽丽.美国发展适宜性实践早教方案研究[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2016:10-11.
[24] National Association for Sport and Physical Education. Appropriate Practices in Movement Programs for Children Ages 3-5(3rd Edition)[EB/OL].[2017-12-28].http://www.naspeinfo.org.
[25] 庄弼,任绮,李孟宁,等.幼儿体育活动及其内容体系的思考[J].体育学刊,2015,22(6):64-70.
[26] 吴升扣,张首文,邢新菊.动作发展视角下幼儿体育与健康领域学习目标的国际比较研究[J].成都体育学院学报,2014,40(5):75-80.
[27] 辛利,庄弼,周毅.动作教育在幼儿园课程设置中的地位[J].体育学刊,2015,22(6):72-74.
[28] 北京大学体育教研部.2018北大国际幼儿体育高层论坛即将召开,聚焦幼儿健康发展[EB/OL].[2018-04-27].https://pe.pku.edu.cn.