Budyko理论在水文气候分区中的应用研究
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摘要
以我国西南和东北地区为研究对象,探讨在水文气候分区中应用Budyko理论的可行性。研究中给出了西南和东北地区169个站点的Budyko曲线图,发现按照传统的基于干燥指数的水文气候分区,我国西南及东北的众多站点落于同一分区。显然,这两个地区干湿状况及水文条件存在较大的差异。为此,文中引入了蒸发比因子,并拟合了反映不同下垫面干湿状况的傅抱璞公式曲线,以在子区域划分中考虑实际的干湿条件。研究显示,西南站点在Budyko曲线上的位置普遍低于东北地区。在Budyko曲线上,出现重叠的西南和东北站点,水热同比相似。而且,在同一气候区内,随着蒸发比增大,降水量呈现递减趋势。这一结果表明,Budyko曲线上站点的不同分布综合反映了流域不同的水热潜力与实际的干湿状况,利用Budyko理论可以更为有效地进行水文气候分区。
Hydro-climatic stations in Southwest China and Northeast China are adopted to discuss the feasibility of the application of the Budyko theory to hydro-climatic classification.In this study,169 stations in Southwest China and Northeast China are displayed on the Budyko curve.We discover that lots of stations in Southwest China and Northeast China fall on the same partition according to the traditional regionalization based on the dryness index.But the two regions apparently have large differences in dry-wet conditions and hydrological conditions.Thus,we introduce the evaporative index to consider the actual dry and wet conditions in basins and fit the Fu 's equation that can reflect surface conditions.The research shows that the distribution of the stations in Southwest China is generally lower than Northeast China on the Budyko curve.Southwest and northeast overlapping stations are similar in hydrothermal conditions in proportion.Also,in each climatic zone,the precipitation decreases when the evaporative index increases.The results show that different locations on the Budyko curve comprehensively reflect the actual and potential hydrothermal conditions.Using Budyko theory can carry out hydro-climatic classification more effectively.
Hydro-climatic stations in Southwest China and Northeast China are adopted to discuss the feasibility of the application of the Budyko theory to hydro-climatic classification.In this study,169 stations in Southwest China and Northeast China are displayed on the Budyko curve.We discover that lots of stations in Southwest China and Northeast China fall on the same partition according to the traditional regionalization based on the dryness index.But the two regions apparently have large differences in dry-wet conditions and hydrological conditions.Thus,we introduce the evaporative index to consider the actual dry and wet conditions in basins and fit the Fu 's equation that can reflect surface conditions.The research shows that the distribution of the stations in Southwest China is generally lower than Northeast China on the Budyko curve.Southwest and northeast overlapping stations are similar in hydrothermal conditions in proportion.Also,in each climatic zone,the precipitation decreases when the evaporative index increases.The results show that different locations on the Budyko curve comprehensively reflect the actual and potential hydrothermal conditions.Using Budyko theory can carry out hydro-climatic classification more effectively.
引文
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[17]Gao G,Chen D,et al.Trend of estimated actual evapotranspiration over China during 1960–2002[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2007,112(D11):71-81.
[2]吴绍洪,尹云鹤,郑度.近30年中国陆地表层干湿状况研究[J].中国科学,2005,35(3):276-283.
[3]雷江群,刘登峰,黄强.渭河流域气候变化及干湿状况时空分布分析[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2015,43(3):175-181.
[4]赵俊芳,郭建平,徐精文,等.基于湿润指数的中国干湿状况变化趋势[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):18-24.
[5]Zheng H,Lu Z,Zhu R,et al.Responses of streamflow to climate and land surface change in the headwaters of the Yellow River Basin[J].Water Resources Research,2009,45(7):641-648.
[6]Budyko M I.Climate and life[M].Academic Press,1974.
[7]Thorsten Wagener,Sivapalan M,Troch P,et al.Catchment Classification and Hydrologic Similarity[J].Geography Compass,2006,1(4):901-931.
[8]Demaria E M,Nijssen B,Wagener T.Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis of land surface parameters using the Variable Infiltration Capacity model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2007,112(D11):71-81.
[9]Carmona A M,Sivapalan M,Yaeger M A,et al.Regional patterns of interannual variability of catchment water balances across the continental U.S.:A Budyko framework[J].Water Resources Research,2014,50(12):9 177-9 193.
[10]孙福宝,杨大文,刘志雨,等.基于Budyko假设的黄河流域水热耦合平衡规律研究[J].水利学报,2007,38(4):409-416.
[11]Yang D,Sun F,Liu Z,et al.Analyzing spatial and temporal variability of annual water-energy balance in nonhumid regions of China using the Budyko hypothesis[J].Water Resources Research,2007,43(4):436-451.
[12]孙福宝.基于Budyko水热耦合平衡假设的流域蒸散发研究[D].北京:清华大学,2007.
[13]黄中艳,朱勇.基于水分平衡的云南干湿气候评价指标的研究[J].高原气象,2009,28(6):1 414-1 421.
[14]孟猛,倪健,张治国.地理生态学的干燥度指数及其应用评述[J].植物生态学报,2004,28(6):853-861.
[15]傅抱璞.论陆面蒸发的计算[J].大气科学,1981,5(1):23-31.
[16]Chen D L,Gao G,Xu C Y,et al.Comparison of the Thornthwaite method and pan data with the standard Penman-Monteith estimates of reference evapotranspiration in China[J].Climate Research,2005,28(2):123-132.
[17]Gao G,Chen D,et al.Trend of estimated actual evapotranspiration over China during 1960–2002[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,2007,112(D11):71-81.