拉萨河流域河宽与地形结构因子相互关系分析
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摘要
利用Google Earth遥感影像,测量了拉萨河流域451个局部河段的河流水面宽度,得出了10个主要河段的平均河宽。研究中,分别点绘了10个主要河段的平均河宽与5种地形结构因子(河流纵比降、弯曲度、凹度、河流上游集水面积、流域平均坡度)的相关图,采用线性函数、指数函数、对数函数以及幂函数4种函数对其进行相关性分析。结果发现,在5种因子中,河流水面宽度与上游集水面积相关性最好,当用线性函数拟合时确定性系数达到了0.81;河流的纵比降与河宽的相关性也较好,当采用指数函数与幂函数拟合时,两者的确定性系数均为0.76。研究探讨拉萨河流域河宽和地形结构因子的相互关系对认识青藏高原河流地貌特征规律以及提高无资料流域河流流量和总水量预测的能力等均有重要意义。
The average river flow width of ten main river segments in Lhasa River drainage basin were obtained withthe help of remote sensing data of Google Earth after gauging the river width of 451 reaches. On this premise,the correlation between river flow width and five topographic factors,inclusive of river's longitudinal slope,river's tortuosity,river's concavity,upstream catchment area and catchment average slope,were plotted with four different functions: linear function,exponential function,logarithmic function,and power function. Results implied that,among the five factors,upstream catchment area is of the largest correlation with river flow width with the coefficient of certainty amounting to 0.81 when fitted by linear function; longitudinal slope of river also has a remarkable impact on river flow width,with the coefficient of certainty reaching 0. 76 fitted by power function and exponential function. Researching the correlation between river flow width and topographic structure factors in Lhasa River drainage basin would be of crucial significance for us to understanding the river geomorphology in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and improving our ability of estimating flow rate and total flow amount in ungauged basins.
The average river flow width of ten main river segments in Lhasa River drainage basin were obtained withthe help of remote sensing data of Google Earth after gauging the river width of 451 reaches. On this premise,the correlation between river flow width and five topographic factors,inclusive of river's longitudinal slope,river's tortuosity,river's concavity,upstream catchment area and catchment average slope,were plotted with four different functions: linear function,exponential function,logarithmic function,and power function. Results implied that,among the five factors,upstream catchment area is of the largest correlation with river flow width with the coefficient of certainty amounting to 0.81 when fitted by linear function; longitudinal slope of river also has a remarkable impact on river flow width,with the coefficient of certainty reaching 0. 76 fitted by power function and exponential function. Researching the correlation between river flow width and topographic structure factors in Lhasa River drainage basin would be of crucial significance for us to understanding the river geomorphology in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and improving our ability of estimating flow rate and total flow amount in ungauged basins.
引文
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[2]PAVELSKY T M,SMITH L C.Riv Width:A Software Tool for the Calculation of River Widths From Remotely Sensed Imagery[J].Geoscience&Remote Sensing Letters IEEE,2008,5(1):70-73.
[3]KOENIG F,JAEHRLING K H,QUICK I.Hydromorphological Methods for Assessing Width Using the Example of the Elbe River[J].Hydrologie Und Wasserbewirtschaftung,2015,59(6):366-379.
[4]DAI Y,O’LOUGHLIN F,TRIGG M A,et al.Development of the Global Width Database for Large Rivers[J].Water Resources Research,2014,50(4):3467-3480.
[5]SUN W,ISHIDAIRA H,BASTOLA S,et al.Calibration of Rainfall-runoff Models Based on Satellite Observations of River Width at the Basin Outlet[J].Journal of Heredity,2012,20(3):425-427.
[6]谢惠民,李品涵,丁翎,等.台湾西部河川宽度单变数经验公式之研究[J].农业工程学报,2013,59(1):49-66.
[7]石书缘,胡素云,冯文杰,等.基于Google Earth软件建立曲流河地质知识库[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):869-878.
[8]WILSONM,BATES P,ALSDORF D,et al.Modeling Large-scale Inundation of Amazonian Seasonally Flooded Wetlands[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2007,34(15):547-562.
[9]NOTEBAERT B,BELMONT P,DONOVAN M.River Channel Width Change:Dynamics and Scaling Relationships in the Upper Midwestern US[C]∥EGU General Assembly Conference.Vienna,Austria,April 17-22,2016,(18),EGU2016-10732
[10]张细兵,毛冰.基于Google Earth的分蓄洪区水沙模拟与演示系统研究[J].长江科学院院报,2014,31(2):8-11.
[11]张斌,艾南山,黄正文,等.中国嘉陵江河曲的形态与成因[J].科学通报,2007,52(22):2671-2682.
[12]ZHOU X,WANG H.Application of Google Earth in Modern River Sedimentology Research[J].Journal of Geoscience&Environment Protection,2015,3(8):1-8.
[13]中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.西藏地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,1983.
[14]闵石头,王随继.滇西纵向岭谷区河谷形态特征、发育规律及成因[J].山地学报,2007,25(5):524-533.
[15]陆中臣,舒晓明,曹银真.华北平原河流纵剖面[J].地理研究,1986,5(1):12-20.
[16]DAVIS J A,PLOCH D R.Elementary Survey Analysis[M].Englewood,NJ:Prentice-Hall,1971.
[17]李宗盟,高红山,潘保田,等.贺兰山水系流域数值地貌特征及其构造指示意义[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),2012,35(3):422-429.