添加氧化镁和铵明矾对菜田高磷土壤活性磷的影响
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摘要
为研究不同种类钝化剂对土壤磷素的固定效果,通过室内培养试验,向土壤中添加氧化镁、铵明矾及二者不同比例的混合物,研究其对土壤0.01 mol·L~(-1)CaCl_2浸提磷、0.5 mol·L~(-1)NaHCO_3浸提磷含量及磷素组分的影响。结果表明:与未钝化的对照处理相比,向土壤分别添加0.5%和2.0%(m/m)的氧化镁、铵明矾或其混合物培养45 d后,均显著降低了土壤CaCl_2浸提磷含量。添加氧化镁或铵明矾分别降低了87.8%(0.5%)、98.0%(2.0%)和44.4%(0.5%)、88.8%(2.0%)的CaCl_2浸提磷含量,而二者混合物的钝化效果明显弱于氧化镁。添加2.0%的氧化镁、铵明矾或其混合物对土壤NaHCO_3浸提磷含量降低明显,但氧化镁和铵明矾的混合物降低土壤NaHCO_3浸提磷的效果弱于铵明矾。对培养45 d后的土壤进行Hedley分组测定磷素组分发现,添加氧化镁或铵明矾显著降低了土壤H_2O浸提总磷和NaHCO_3浸提总磷含量,添加铵明矾显著增加了土壤中Na OH浸提总磷的含量。氧化镁、铵明矾和土壤活性磷不同的作用机理是导致氧化镁固定CaCl_2-P效果显著而铵明矾固定Olsen-P效果显著的主要原因。
In order to study the effect of different kinds of phosphorus(P)stabilization materials on the fixation of soil P, an incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the abilities of magnesium oxide(Mg O), alum, and their mixtures at different ratios to reduce 0.01 mol·L~(-1) CaCl_2 extracted P(CaCl_2-P), 0.5 mol·L~(-1) NaHCO_3 extracted P(Olsen-P), and the soil P fraction. The results indicated that the addition of Mg O and alum could significantly decrease the soil CaCl_2-P level compared with the control treatment, and this occurred at both 0.5% and 2.0% soil dry weight. After 45 d incubation, Mg O decreased soil CaCl_2-P by 87.8%(0.5%)and 98%(2.0%), whereas alum addition reduced soil CaCl_2-P by 44.4%(0.5%)and 88.8%(2.0%). The Mg O, alum, or a mixture addition at 2.0% soil dry weight significantly decreased soil Olsen-P level. The decline of soil CaCl_2-P and Olsen-P influenced by the mixture of Mg O and alum was less effective than that of Mg O and alum, respectively. The results after measuring the soil P fraction by Hedley fractionation indicated that Mg O or alum addition significantly decreased the soil labile P level, and alum significantly increased the Na OH extracted P content compared to the control treatment. In general, Mg O significantly decreased the CaCl_2-P levels, but alum also significantly decreased the Olsen-P due to the different P fixation mechanism.
In order to study the effect of different kinds of phosphorus(P)stabilization materials on the fixation of soil P, an incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the abilities of magnesium oxide(Mg O), alum, and their mixtures at different ratios to reduce 0.01 mol·L~(-1) CaCl_2 extracted P(CaCl_2-P), 0.5 mol·L~(-1) NaHCO_3 extracted P(Olsen-P), and the soil P fraction. The results indicated that the addition of Mg O and alum could significantly decrease the soil CaCl_2-P level compared with the control treatment, and this occurred at both 0.5% and 2.0% soil dry weight. After 45 d incubation, Mg O decreased soil CaCl_2-P by 87.8%(0.5%)and 98%(2.0%), whereas alum addition reduced soil CaCl_2-P by 44.4%(0.5%)and 88.8%(2.0%). The Mg O, alum, or a mixture addition at 2.0% soil dry weight significantly decreased soil Olsen-P level. The decline of soil CaCl_2-P and Olsen-P influenced by the mixture of Mg O and alum was less effective than that of Mg O and alum, respectively. The results after measuring the soil P fraction by Hedley fractionation indicated that Mg O or alum addition significantly decreased the soil labile P level, and alum significantly increased the Na OH extracted P content compared to the control treatment. In general, Mg O significantly decreased the CaCl_2-P levels, but alum also significantly decreased the Olsen-P due to the different P fixation mechanism.
引文
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[22]赖胜强,林亲铁,项江欣,等.氧化镁基固化剂对铅离子的吸附作用及其影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(7):3859-3865.LAI Sheng-qiang,LIN Qin-tie,XIANG Jiang-xin,et al.Adsorption of Pb2+on a magnesia-based curing agent and its influencing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(7):3859-3865.
[23]王素平.高活性氧化镁的制备与吸附性能的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2015.WANG Su-ping.Study on the synthesis and adsorption properties of high active Mg O[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2015.
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[25]Wang W D,Ma C,Zhang Y T,et al.Phosphate adsorption performance of a novel filter substrate made from drinking water treatment residuals[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,45(7):191-199.
[26]夏汉平,高子勤.磷酸盐在白浆土中的吸附与解吸特性[J].土壤通报,1992,23:283-287.XIA Han-ping,GAO Zi-qin.Adsorption-desorption behaviors of phosphate in Baijiang soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1992,23:283-287.
[27]刘凡,介晓磊,贺纪正,等.不同p H条件下针铁矿表面磷的配位形式及转化特点[J].土壤学报,1997(4):367-374.LIU Fan,JIE Xiao-lei,HE Ji-zheng,et al.Coordination forms and transformations of phosphate adsorbed by goethite surface on different p H[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1997(4):367-374.
[28]Moore P A,Miller D M.Decreasing phosphorus solubility in poultry litter with aluminum,calcium and iron amendments[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1994,23(2):325-330.
[29]Hsu P H.Comparison of iron(Ⅲ)and aluminum in precipitation of phosphate from solution[J].Water Research,1976,10(10):903-907.
[30]Lewandowski J,Schauser I,Hupfer M.Long-term effects of phosphorus precipitations with alum in hypereutrophic Lake Süsser See(Germany)[J].Water Research,2003,37(13):3194-3204.
[2]郭金花.典型设施蔬菜生产系统水肥、农药投入及环境影响的生命周期评价[D].北京:中国农业大学,2016.GUO Jin-hua.Inputs of irrigation water,fertilizer,pesticide and life cycle assessment of environmental impacts in the typical greenhouse vegetable fields in China[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2016.
[3]Rowe H,Withers P J A,Baas P,et al.Integrating legacy soil phosphorus into sustainable nutrient management strategies for future food,bioenergy and water security[J].Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems,2015,104(3):393-412.
[4]鲁如坤.土壤磷素水平和水体环境保护[J].磷肥与复肥,2003,18(1):4-6.LU Ru-kun.The phosphorus level of soil and environmental protection of water body[J].Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer,2003,18(1):4-6.
[5]赵少华,宇万太,张璐,等.土壤有机磷研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2189-2194.ZHAO Shao-hua,YU Wan-tai,ZHANG Lu,et al.Research advance in soil organic phosphorus[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004,15(11):2189-2194.
[6]Pautler M.Relationships between soil test phosphor us and soluble phosphorus saturation in Delaware soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2000,64(2):765-773.
[7]刘建玲,廖文华,张作新,等.磷肥和有机肥的产量效应与土壤积累磷的环境风险评价[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(5):959-965.LIU Jian-ling,LIAO Wen-hua,ZHANG Zuo-xin,et al.The response of vegetable yield to phosphate fertilizer and organic manure and environmental risk assessment of phosphorus accumulated in soil[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2007,40(5):959-965.
[8]Dou Z X,Ramberg C F,Toth J D,et al.Phosphorus speciation and sorption-desorption characteristics in heavily manured soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2009,73(1):93-101.
[9]Gérard F.Clay minerals,iron/aluminum oxides,and their contribution to phosphate sorption in soils:A myth revisited[J].Geoderma,2016,262:213-226.
[10]梁玉英.城市菜地土壤磷的固定机制研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2005.LIANG Yu-ying.Studies on the mechanism of phosphorus fixation in urban kailyard soil[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2005.
[11]麻万诸,章明奎.改良剂降低富磷蔬菜地土壤磷和氮流失的作用[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(5):22-27.MA Wang-zhu,ZHANG Ming-kui.Effects of amendments to reduce runoff loss of phosphorus and nitrogen from a vegetable soil with high test phosphorus[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(5):22-27.
[12]Liu W,Ji H,Kerr P,et al.The application of soil amendments benefits to the reduction of phosphorus depletion and the growth of cabbage and corn[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2015,22(21):16772-16780.
[13]姬红利,颜蓉,李运东,等.施用土壤改良剂对磷素流失的影响研究[J].土壤,2011,43(2):203-209.JI Hong-li,YAN Rong,LI Yun-dong,et al.Effects of soil ameliorants on phosphorus loss[J].Soil,2011,43(2):203-209.
[14]Novak J M,Watts D W.An alum-based water treatment residual can reduce extractable phosphorus concentrations in three phosphorus-enriched coastal plain soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,2005,34(5):1820-1827.
[15]Michael K M,Craig D S,Cheryl M,et al.Developing a remediation strategy for phosphorus immobilization:Effect of co-blending,Alresidual and Ca-Mg amendments in a manure-impacted spodosol[J].Soil&Sediment Contamination An International Journal,2011,20(4):337-352.
[16]Rastija D,Zebec V,Rastija M.Impacts of liming with dolomite on soil reaction and availabilities of phosphorus and potassium[J].N觟vénytermelés,2014,63(Suppl):193-196.
[17]Hedley M J,Stewart J W B,Chauhan B S.Changes in inorganic and organic soil-phosphorus fractions induced by cultivation practices and by laboratory incubations[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1982,46(5):970-976.
[18]Condron L M,Newman S.Revisiting the fundamentals of phosphorus fractionation of sediments and soils[J].Journal of Soils and Sediments,2011,11(5):830-840.
[19]Negassa W,Leinweber P.How does the Hedley sequential phosphorus fractionation reflect impacts of land use and management on soil phosphorus:A review[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science,2010,172(3):305-325.
[20]Olsen S R,Cole C V,Watanabe F S,et al.Estimation of available phosphorus in soils by extraction with sodium bicarbonate[J].USDA Circular,1954,939,1-19.
[21]Schofield R.Can a precise meaning be given to"available"soil phosphorus[J].Soils and Fertilizers,1955,18:373-375.
[22]赖胜强,林亲铁,项江欣,等.氧化镁基固化剂对铅离子的吸附作用及其影响因素[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(7):3859-3865.LAI Sheng-qiang,LIN Qin-tie,XIANG Jiang-xin,et al.Adsorption of Pb2+on a magnesia-based curing agent and its influencing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(7):3859-3865.
[23]王素平.高活性氧化镁的制备与吸附性能的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2015.WANG Su-ping.Study on the synthesis and adsorption properties of high active Mg O[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2015.
[24]赵玉萍.土壤化学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,1991:283-285.ZHAO Yu-ping.Soil chemistry[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,1991:283-285.
[25]Wang W D,Ma C,Zhang Y T,et al.Phosphate adsorption performance of a novel filter substrate made from drinking water treatment residuals[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2016,45(7):191-199.
[26]夏汉平,高子勤.磷酸盐在白浆土中的吸附与解吸特性[J].土壤通报,1992,23:283-287.XIA Han-ping,GAO Zi-qin.Adsorption-desorption behaviors of phosphate in Baijiang soil[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,1992,23:283-287.
[27]刘凡,介晓磊,贺纪正,等.不同p H条件下针铁矿表面磷的配位形式及转化特点[J].土壤学报,1997(4):367-374.LIU Fan,JIE Xiao-lei,HE Ji-zheng,et al.Coordination forms and transformations of phosphate adsorbed by goethite surface on different p H[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1997(4):367-374.
[28]Moore P A,Miller D M.Decreasing phosphorus solubility in poultry litter with aluminum,calcium and iron amendments[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1994,23(2):325-330.
[29]Hsu P H.Comparison of iron(Ⅲ)and aluminum in precipitation of phosphate from solution[J].Water Research,1976,10(10):903-907.
[30]Lewandowski J,Schauser I,Hupfer M.Long-term effects of phosphorus precipitations with alum in hypereutrophic Lake Süsser See(Germany)[J].Water Research,2003,37(13):3194-3204.