利用响应曲面法优化秸秆腐熟剂的腐解条件
|
摘要
以水稻秸秆为代表,研究了4种腐熟剂对秸秆腐解性能的影响。基于施用腐熟剂后的秸秆腐解率和碳氮比,选择其中1种腐解性能较好的腐熟剂,采用Box-Behnken设计对其秸秆腐解条件进行优化,主要考查腐熟剂用量、温度、含水量和外加氮源(浓缩沼液)量等4个因素。结果表明,腐解温度、含水量和腐熟剂用量对腐解率的影响达到极显著水平(P<0.01),最佳腐解条件是温度29.6℃,含水量90%,腐熟剂和浓缩沼液氮添加量分别为秸秆质量的2.0%和0.17%。数学模型分析预测得知,在该条件下腐熟剂添加后25 d水稻秸秆腐解率可达63.25%,与验证试验结果基本相符。
The rice straw was selected as typical straw to illustrate the influence of 4 straw-decomposing inoculants on the decomposition of straws. Based on the decomposition rate and ratio of carbon to nitrogen of rice straw, one inoculant with better straw decomposing capacity was selected for optimization of straw decomposing conditions by Box-Behnken design. The result demonstrated that among the four factors, namely, straw-decomposing inoculant content, temperature, water content and extra-nitrogen(biogas slurry) content, the effect of temperature, water content and straw-decomposing inoculant content on decomposition rate reached the significant level of P<0.01. The predicted optimum conditions for straw decomposing were temperature of 29.6 ℃, water contents of 90%, straw-decomposing inoculant content of 2.0% of the straw weight, and extra-nitrogen content of 0.17% of straw weight. According to the mathematical model, the maximum decomposition rate on 25 th day was 63.25%, and it was consistent with the decomposition rate revealed by verification experiment under the above conditions.
The rice straw was selected as typical straw to illustrate the influence of 4 straw-decomposing inoculants on the decomposition of straws. Based on the decomposition rate and ratio of carbon to nitrogen of rice straw, one inoculant with better straw decomposing capacity was selected for optimization of straw decomposing conditions by Box-Behnken design. The result demonstrated that among the four factors, namely, straw-decomposing inoculant content, temperature, water content and extra-nitrogen(biogas slurry) content, the effect of temperature, water content and straw-decomposing inoculant content on decomposition rate reached the significant level of P<0.01. The predicted optimum conditions for straw decomposing were temperature of 29.6 ℃, water contents of 90%, straw-decomposing inoculant content of 2.0% of the straw weight, and extra-nitrogen content of 0.17% of straw weight. According to the mathematical model, the maximum decomposition rate on 25 th day was 63.25%, and it was consistent with the decomposition rate revealed by verification experiment under the above conditions.
引文
[1] 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2017 [M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.
[2] 孙颉,胡敏,谢笔钧.秸秆还田的效果与方法[J].精细化工,2000,17(7):431-434.SUN J,HU M,XIE B J.The effects and methods of straw-fertilizing-field[J].Fine Chemicals,2000,17(7):431-434.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] 汤文光,肖小平,唐海明,等.长期不同耕作与秸秆还田对土壤养分库容及重金属Cd的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):168-176.TANG W G,XIAO X P,TANG H M,et al.Effects of long-term tillage and rice straw returning on soil nutrient pools and Cd concentration[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(1):168-176.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 查良玉.机械开沟秸秆集中沟埋还田技术低碳特点与经济效益分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.ZHA L Y.Analysis on economic benefit and low carbon of straw concentrated ditch-buried returning field technology using machine ditch[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 李逢雨.秸秆还田养分释放规律及稻草化感作用研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2007.LI F Y.Patterns of nutrient release from straws returned to the field and the allelopathic effect of rice straw[D].Ya'an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2007.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 孙秀娟,李妍,朱利群,等.秸秆集中掩埋还田深度对二化螟幼虫越冬存活率和出土规律的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(4):743-747.SUN X J,LI Y,ZHU L Q,et al.Effects of burial depth of straw returned to soil on survival rate and emergence behavior of Chilo suppressalis over-wintering larva[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,28(4):743-747.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] 柳建国,许诺,郭静.作物秸秆腐熟剂研究进展[J].安徽科技学院学报,2014,28(3):18-20.LIU J G,XU N,GUO J.Research progress of straw-decomposing[J].Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University,2014,28(3):18-20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 萨如拉,杨恒山,范富,等.秸秆还田量和腐熟剂对秸秆降解率和土壤理化性质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(9):56-61.SA R L,YANG H S,FAN F,et al.Effect of amount of straw returning to field and straw-decomposing inoculant on degradation rate of straw and soil physicochemical properties[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2018,47(9):56-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 孙旭,汝超杰,苏良湖,等.3种秸秆腐熟剂微生物组成及其腐熟效果[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):212-215.SUN X,RU C J,SU L H,et al.Microbial composition and effects of three straw maturation agents[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(3):212-215.(in Chinese)
[10] 杨振兴,周怀平,关春林,等.秸秆腐熟剂在玉米秸秆还田中的效果[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(4):354-357.YANG Z X,ZHOU H P,GUAN C L,et al.Effect of straw decomposing inoculant on maize straw returning[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(4):354-357.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 陈帅,刘峙嵘,曾凯.腐秆剂对水稻秸秆腐解性能的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(2):839-844.CHEN S,LIU Z R,ZENG K.Effect of straw-decomposing inoculant on decomposition of rice straw[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(2):839-844.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 梁雄.不同秸秆腐熟剂应用效果对比研究[J].安徽农学通报,2011,17(15):127-129.LIANG X.A comparative study of application effect with different straw decayed bacterium[J].Auhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,17(15):127-129.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 杨文兵,胡正梅,杨长斌,等.不同秸秆腐熟剂在湖北省晚稻上的应用效果试验[J].现代农业科技,2008(12):189-191,193.YANG W B,HU Z M,YANG C B,et al.Effects of application of different straw ripening agents on late rice in Hubei Province[J].Xiandai Nongye Keji,2008(12):189-191,193.(in Chinese)
[14] 刘方明,高玉山,孙云云,等.秸秆腐解规律和养分释放特征影响因素的研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(4):5-7,14.LIU F M,GAO Y S,SUN Y Y,et al.Research progress of the factors influencing straw decomposition regularity and nutrient release characteristics[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2018,57(4):5-7,14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 于建光,常志州,黄红英,等.秸秆腐熟剂对土壤微生物及养分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):563-570.YU J G,CHANG Z Z,HUANG H Y,et al.Effect of microbial inoculants for straw decomposing on soil microorganisms and the nutrients[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(3):563-570.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 赵斌,金声云.沼肥应用效果[J].云南农业,2018(1):58-59.ZHAO B,JIN S Y.Application effect of marsh fertilizer[J].Yunnan Agriculture,2018(1):58-59.(in Chinese)
[17] 范蓓蓓,倪亮,石伟勇.浓缩沼液配方肥对小白菜生长及土壤特性的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(5):868-873.FAN B B,NI L,SHI W Y.Effects of concentrated slurry fertilizers on pakchoi growth and soil quality[J].Soils,2015,47(5):868-873.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 骆林平,张妙仙,单胜道.沼液肥料及其利用研究现状[J].浙江农业科学,2009,50(5):977-978,983.LUO L P,ZHANG M X,SHAN S D.Research status of biogas slurry fertilizer and its utilization[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2009,50(5):977-978,983.(in Chinese)
[19] 禚来强,常智慧.干旱条件下污泥中生物活性物质对草地早熟禾生长的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(2):346-352.ZHUO L Q,CHANG Z H.Impact of biologically active substances of biosolids on Poa pratensis L.growth under drought stress[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(2):346-352.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 魏泉源.规模化沼气工程沼液、沼渣减量化及资源化利用研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2014.WEI Q Y.Reduction and resource utilization of biogas residue and biogas slurry from scale biogas engineering[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 刘艳.不同秸秆腐熟剂处理稻草的效果及应用研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.LIU Y.Effect and application of rice straw treated with different straw decomposition maturing agent[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 江永红,宇振荣,马永良.秸秆还田对农田生态系统及作物生长的影响[J].土壤通报,2001,32(5):209-213.JIANG Y H,YU Z R,MA Y L.The effect or stubble return on agro-ecological system and crop growth[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2001,32(5):209-213.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 张成娥,王栓全.作物秸秆腐解过程中土壤微生物量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(3):96-99.ZHANG C E,WANG S Q.Study on soil microbial biomass during decomposition of crop straws[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2000,14(3):96-99.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 张经廷,张丽华,吕丽华,等.还田作物秸秆腐解及其养分释放特征概述[J].核农学报,2018,32(11):2274-2280.ZHANG J T,ZHANG L H,Lü L H,et al.Overview of the characteristics of crop straw decomposition and nutrients release of returned field crops[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2018,32(11):2274-2280.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 杨丹,刘静,刘程,等.浓缩沼液在无土栽培生菜上应用研究[J].中国沼气,2016,34(5):87-90.YANG D,LIU J,LIU C,et al.Application of concentrated biogas slurry to soilless cultivation of lettuce[J].China Biogas,2016,34(5):87-90.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] 柳春铃,杨柏松,刘孝庄,等.沼液利用技术综述[J].现代化农业,2012(5):44-45.LIU C L,YANG B S,LIU X Z,et al.Review on utilization technology of biogas slurry[J].Modernizing Agriculture,2012(5):44-45.(in Chinese)
[27] 蔡玉金,孙庆海,李庆开,等.麦茬粳稻不同收获时期对产量的影响试验[J].基层农技推广,2015,3(9):22-23.CAI Y J,SUN Q H,LI Q K,et al.Effects of different harvest periods on the yield of japonica rice in wheat stubble[J].Primary Agricultural Technology Extension,2015,3(9):22-23.(in Chinese)
[2] 孙颉,胡敏,谢笔钧.秸秆还田的效果与方法[J].精细化工,2000,17(7):431-434.SUN J,HU M,XIE B J.The effects and methods of straw-fertilizing-field[J].Fine Chemicals,2000,17(7):431-434.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3] 汤文光,肖小平,唐海明,等.长期不同耕作与秸秆还田对土壤养分库容及重金属Cd的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(1):168-176.TANG W G,XIAO X P,TANG H M,et al.Effects of long-term tillage and rice straw returning on soil nutrient pools and Cd concentration[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015,26(1):168-176.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[4] 查良玉.机械开沟秸秆集中沟埋还田技术低碳特点与经济效益分析[D].南京:南京农业大学,2013.ZHA L Y.Analysis on economic benefit and low carbon of straw concentrated ditch-buried returning field technology using machine ditch[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2013.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[5] 李逢雨.秸秆还田养分释放规律及稻草化感作用研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2007.LI F Y.Patterns of nutrient release from straws returned to the field and the allelopathic effect of rice straw[D].Ya'an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2007.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 孙秀娟,李妍,朱利群,等.秸秆集中掩埋还田深度对二化螟幼虫越冬存活率和出土规律的影响[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(4):743-747.SUN X J,LI Y,ZHU L Q,et al.Effects of burial depth of straw returned to soil on survival rate and emergence behavior of Chilo suppressalis over-wintering larva[J].Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2012,28(4):743-747.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] 柳建国,许诺,郭静.作物秸秆腐熟剂研究进展[J].安徽科技学院学报,2014,28(3):18-20.LIU J G,XU N,GUO J.Research progress of straw-decomposing[J].Journal of Anhui Science and Technology University,2014,28(3):18-20.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8] 萨如拉,杨恒山,范富,等.秸秆还田量和腐熟剂对秸秆降解率和土壤理化性质的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(9):56-61.SA R L,YANG H S,FAN F,et al.Effect of amount of straw returning to field and straw-decomposing inoculant on degradation rate of straw and soil physicochemical properties[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2018,47(9):56-61.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9] 孙旭,汝超杰,苏良湖,等.3种秸秆腐熟剂微生物组成及其腐熟效果[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(3):212-215.SUN X,RU C J,SU L H,et al.Microbial composition and effects of three straw maturation agents[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(3):212-215.(in Chinese)
[10] 杨振兴,周怀平,关春林,等.秸秆腐熟剂在玉米秸秆还田中的效果[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(4):354-357.YANG Z X,ZHOU H P,GUAN C L,et al.Effect of straw decomposing inoculant on maize straw returning[J].Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(4):354-357.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11] 陈帅,刘峙嵘,曾凯.腐秆剂对水稻秸秆腐解性能的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(2):839-844.CHEN S,LIU Z R,ZENG K.Effect of straw-decomposing inoculant on decomposition of rice straw[J].Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2016,10(2):839-844.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 梁雄.不同秸秆腐熟剂应用效果对比研究[J].安徽农学通报,2011,17(15):127-129.LIANG X.A comparative study of application effect with different straw decayed bacterium[J].Auhui Agricultural Science Bulletin,2011,17(15):127-129.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 杨文兵,胡正梅,杨长斌,等.不同秸秆腐熟剂在湖北省晚稻上的应用效果试验[J].现代农业科技,2008(12):189-191,193.YANG W B,HU Z M,YANG C B,et al.Effects of application of different straw ripening agents on late rice in Hubei Province[J].Xiandai Nongye Keji,2008(12):189-191,193.(in Chinese)
[14] 刘方明,高玉山,孙云云,等.秸秆腐解规律和养分释放特征影响因素的研究进展[J].湖北农业科学,2018,57(4):5-7,14.LIU F M,GAO Y S,SUN Y Y,et al.Research progress of the factors influencing straw decomposition regularity and nutrient release characteristics[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2018,57(4):5-7,14.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 于建光,常志州,黄红英,等.秸秆腐熟剂对土壤微生物及养分的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(3):563-570.YU J G,CHANG Z Z,HUANG H Y,et al.Effect of microbial inoculants for straw decomposing on soil microorganisms and the nutrients[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(3):563-570.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 赵斌,金声云.沼肥应用效果[J].云南农业,2018(1):58-59.ZHAO B,JIN S Y.Application effect of marsh fertilizer[J].Yunnan Agriculture,2018(1):58-59.(in Chinese)
[17] 范蓓蓓,倪亮,石伟勇.浓缩沼液配方肥对小白菜生长及土壤特性的影响[J].土壤,2015,47(5):868-873.FAN B B,NI L,SHI W Y.Effects of concentrated slurry fertilizers on pakchoi growth and soil quality[J].Soils,2015,47(5):868-873.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18] 骆林平,张妙仙,单胜道.沼液肥料及其利用研究现状[J].浙江农业科学,2009,50(5):977-978,983.LUO L P,ZHANG M X,SHAN S D.Research status of biogas slurry fertilizer and its utilization[J].Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences,2009,50(5):977-978,983.(in Chinese)
[19] 禚来强,常智慧.干旱条件下污泥中生物活性物质对草地早熟禾生长的影响[J].草地学报,2013,21(2):346-352.ZHUO L Q,CHANG Z H.Impact of biologically active substances of biosolids on Poa pratensis L.growth under drought stress[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(2):346-352.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20] 魏泉源.规模化沼气工程沼液、沼渣减量化及资源化利用研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2014.WEI Q Y.Reduction and resource utilization of biogas residue and biogas slurry from scale biogas engineering[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21] 刘艳.不同秸秆腐熟剂处理稻草的效果及应用研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.LIU Y.Effect and application of rice straw treated with different straw decomposition maturing agent[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22] 江永红,宇振荣,马永良.秸秆还田对农田生态系统及作物生长的影响[J].土壤通报,2001,32(5):209-213.JIANG Y H,YU Z R,MA Y L.The effect or stubble return on agro-ecological system and crop growth[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2001,32(5):209-213.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23] 张成娥,王栓全.作物秸秆腐解过程中土壤微生物量的研究[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(3):96-99.ZHANG C E,WANG S Q.Study on soil microbial biomass during decomposition of crop straws[J].Journal of Soil Water Conservation,2000,14(3):96-99.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24] 张经廷,张丽华,吕丽华,等.还田作物秸秆腐解及其养分释放特征概述[J].核农学报,2018,32(11):2274-2280.ZHANG J T,ZHANG L H,Lü L H,et al.Overview of the characteristics of crop straw decomposition and nutrients release of returned field crops[J].Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2018,32(11):2274-2280.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25] 杨丹,刘静,刘程,等.浓缩沼液在无土栽培生菜上应用研究[J].中国沼气,2016,34(5):87-90.YANG D,LIU J,LIU C,et al.Application of concentrated biogas slurry to soilless cultivation of lettuce[J].China Biogas,2016,34(5):87-90.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26] 柳春铃,杨柏松,刘孝庄,等.沼液利用技术综述[J].现代化农业,2012(5):44-45.LIU C L,YANG B S,LIU X Z,et al.Review on utilization technology of biogas slurry[J].Modernizing Agriculture,2012(5):44-45.(in Chinese)
[27] 蔡玉金,孙庆海,李庆开,等.麦茬粳稻不同收获时期对产量的影响试验[J].基层农技推广,2015,3(9):22-23.CAI Y J,SUN Q H,LI Q K,et al.Effects of different harvest periods on the yield of japonica rice in wheat stubble[J].Primary Agricultural Technology Extension,2015,3(9):22-23.(in Chinese)