作为媒介权力的平台:一种批判的视角
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摘要
现今,少数社交媒体平台和科技公司对于全球新闻业拥有着广泛的影响力。传统媒体原先具有的角色、功能正被它们迅速接管,它们不仅可以控制观众看到什么、谁能从中获利,甚至决定了什么形式、类别的新闻可以广为流传、受人喜爱。因而,这些平台已然不是先前学界所界定的"分发渠道",而恰恰成为控制了当下新闻生产全链条的新型"媒介权力"。本文即旨在研究媒体机构与技术平台间的动态合作关系,探寻新闻和信息产业是如何被技术革新所冲击、亦或重塑。
The influence of social media platforms and technology companies is having a greater effect on global journalism than ever. There is also a rapid takeover of traditional publishers' roles and functions by these platforms and companies. They could control what the audience see and who profit from it, and even what format and type of journalism flourishes. These companies have evolved beyond their role as distribution channels, and become a new kind of "Media Power" which control the whole production chain of current media industry. This article aims to unravel the dynamic relationship between media organizations and platforms, and explore how news and information industries are impacted or reshaped by technological innovation.
The influence of social media platforms and technology companies is having a greater effect on global journalism than ever. There is also a rapid takeover of traditional publishers' roles and functions by these platforms and companies. They could control what the audience see and who profit from it, and even what format and type of journalism flourishes. These companies have evolved beyond their role as distribution channels, and become a new kind of "Media Power" which control the whole production chain of current media industry. This article aims to unravel the dynamic relationship between media organizations and platforms, and explore how news and information industries are impacted or reshaped by technological innovation.
引文
(1)Pew Research Center,Mobile Fact Sheet,http://www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/mobile/.
(2)Pew Research Center,News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2016,By Jeffrey Gottfried and Elisa Shearer,http://www.journalism.org/2016/05/26/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2016/.
(3)中国人民共和国工业和信息化部.2018年上半年通信业经济运行情况[EB/OL].http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146312/n1146904/n1648372/c6265909/content.html.
(4)[美]J·赫伯特·阿特休尔.权力的媒介[M].黄煜,裘志康译.北京:华夏出版社,1989:P6-P12.
(5)[英]约翰·B·汤普森.意识形态与现代文化[M].高铦等译,江苏:译林出版社,2005:7,65.
(6)Emily Bell,Facebook is eating the world,Colombia Journalism Review,https://www.cjr.org/analysis/facebook_and_media.php.
(7)Parse.Ly,Where Is Your Site Traffic Coming From?Featured by Allie VanNest,http://blog.parse.ly.https.s2.gvirabi.com/post/5194/referraltraffic/.
(8)Nicholas Diakopoulos,Algorithmic Accountability:Journalistic investigation of computational power structures,Digital Journalism,2015Vol.3,No.3,398-415.
(9)Just,N.&Latzer,M.Governance by Algorithms:Reality Construction by Algorithmic Selection on the Internet.Accepted manuscript forthcoming in Media,Culture&Society 2016.
(10)Pew Research Center Journalism&Media,June,2018,“State of the News Media 2017”,Digital News Fact Sheet,http://www.journalism.org/fact-sheet/digital-news/.
(11)Mary Meeker,May 31,2017,“Internet Trends 2017-Code Conference”,https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trendsreport-2018.
(12)Digital Context Next,Distributed Content Revenue Benchmark Report,https://digitalcontentnext.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/DCN-Distributed-Content-Revenue-Benchmark-Report-2017.pdf.
(13)Emily Bell&Taylor Owen,with Pete Brown,Codi Hauka,Nushin Rashidian,The platform press:How Silicon Valley Reengineered Journalism,Tow Center for Digital Journalism.
(2)Pew Research Center,News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2016,By Jeffrey Gottfried and Elisa Shearer,http://www.journalism.org/2016/05/26/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2016/.
(3)中国人民共和国工业和信息化部.2018年上半年通信业经济运行情况[EB/OL].http://www.miit.gov.cn/n1146312/n1146904/n1648372/c6265909/content.html.
(4)[美]J·赫伯特·阿特休尔.权力的媒介[M].黄煜,裘志康译.北京:华夏出版社,1989:P6-P12.
(5)[英]约翰·B·汤普森.意识形态与现代文化[M].高铦等译,江苏:译林出版社,2005:7,65.
(6)Emily Bell,Facebook is eating the world,Colombia Journalism Review,https://www.cjr.org/analysis/facebook_and_media.php.
(7)Parse.Ly,Where Is Your Site Traffic Coming From?Featured by Allie VanNest,http://blog.parse.ly.https.s2.gvirabi.com/post/5194/referraltraffic/.
(8)Nicholas Diakopoulos,Algorithmic Accountability:Journalistic investigation of computational power structures,Digital Journalism,2015Vol.3,No.3,398-415.
(9)Just,N.&Latzer,M.Governance by Algorithms:Reality Construction by Algorithmic Selection on the Internet.Accepted manuscript forthcoming in Media,Culture&Society 2016.
(10)Pew Research Center Journalism&Media,June,2018,“State of the News Media 2017”,Digital News Fact Sheet,http://www.journalism.org/fact-sheet/digital-news/.
(11)Mary Meeker,May 31,2017,“Internet Trends 2017-Code Conference”,https://www.kleinerperkins.com/perspectives/internet-trendsreport-2018.
(12)Digital Context Next,Distributed Content Revenue Benchmark Report,https://digitalcontentnext.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/DCN-Distributed-Content-Revenue-Benchmark-Report-2017.pdf.
(13)Emily Bell&Taylor Owen,with Pete Brown,Codi Hauka,Nushin Rashidian,The platform press:How Silicon Valley Reengineered Journalism,Tow Center for Digital Journalism.