现代汉语句子的扩展模式语法模型的构建
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摘要
由于现有适用于自然语言处理的语法分析体系在分析汉语句式时无法准确体现汉语句子的特点,导致对汉语句子本体研究不够深入,限制了汉语自然语言处理各种应用的精度和速度.鉴于此,为了服务自然语言处理和汉语句式研究,提出构建一种新的分析汉语句式的语法体系——现代汉语句子的扩展模式语法模型.本模型对Susan Hunston提出的模式语法进行扩展,植入广义话题理论,对二者进行整合,凸显汉语句子特征,并设置了标点句分析模块和话题非自足句分析模块.现代汉语句子的扩展模式语法模型能够准确而全面地描述和归纳汉语句式规则,体现汉语句式中虚词与实词之间的限定关系,反映句式的线性序列,并提高汉语流水句的分析质量.
The existing grammar analysis system for natural language processing cannot accurately reflect characteristics of Chinese sentences when we analyze Chinese sentence patterns,resulting in inadequate theoretical studies on Chinese grammar and limiting the precision and speed of Chinese natural language processing applications.In view of this,to serve natural language processing and Chinese sentence pattern research,we propose to construct a new grammar system for analyzing Chinese sentence patterns,which is called the modern Chinese sentence extended pattern grammar model.This model extends the pattern grammar proposed by Susan Hunston and implants the generalized topic theory.This model,with a punctuation sentence analysis module and a topic insufficient sentence analysis module,integrates these two theories and highlights Chinese sentence features.This model can accurately and comprehensively describe and generalize Chinese sentence patterns,reflecting the interaction between functional words and content words,the linear sequence of sentence patterns,and improving the analytical quality of Chinese flowing sentences.
The existing grammar analysis system for natural language processing cannot accurately reflect characteristics of Chinese sentences when we analyze Chinese sentence patterns,resulting in inadequate theoretical studies on Chinese grammar and limiting the precision and speed of Chinese natural language processing applications.In view of this,to serve natural language processing and Chinese sentence pattern research,we propose to construct a new grammar system for analyzing Chinese sentence patterns,which is called the modern Chinese sentence extended pattern grammar model.This model extends the pattern grammar proposed by Susan Hunston and implants the generalized topic theory.This model,with a punctuation sentence analysis module and a topic insufficient sentence analysis module,integrates these two theories and highlights Chinese sentence features.This model can accurately and comprehensively describe and generalize Chinese sentence patterns,reflecting the interaction between functional words and content words,the linear sequence of sentence patterns,and improving the analytical quality of Chinese flowing sentences.
引文
[1]文炼,胡附.汉语语序中的几个问题[J].中国语文,1984,3:1-5.
[2]连淑能.英汉对比研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993:21.
[3]王力.中国语法理论[M].北京:中华书局出版社,2015:48.
[4]陆俭明,马真.现代汉语虚词散论(修订版)[M].北京:语文出版社,2003:1.
[5]吕叔湘.汉语语法分析问题[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979:97-99.
[6]赵元任.汉语口语语法[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979:41-44.
[7] LI C N,THOMPSON S A.Subject and topic:a new typology of language[M].New York:Academic Press,1976:457-489.
[8]林杏光.短语结构语法:“信息处理用语言理论讲话”第一讲[J].语言文字应用,1994(2):58-64.
[9]方立,吴平.中心语驱动短语结构语法评介[J].语言教学与研究,2003(5):31-43.
[10]范子衿,王惠临,张均胜.中心语驱动短语结构语法研究综述[J].现代图书情报技术,2013(4):40-47.
[11]满海霞,梁雅梦.乔姆斯基层级与自然语言语法:从短语结构语法到非转换语法[J].外国语文,2015,31(3):84-89.
[12]姚小烈.生成语法视角下的现代汉语“的”字结构研究[D].北京:中央民族大学,2010:60-113.
[13]郑友阶.同位语句法研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2013:18-77.
[14]张莹.现代汉语人称代词及相关句法问题[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2013:103-116.
[15]刘亮.现代汉语轻动词体系研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2015:43-67.
[16]冯志伟.计算语言学基础[J].方言,2002(4):384-384.
[17]冯志伟.应用语言学综论[M].广州:广东教育出版社,1999:254-262.
[18] TESNIRE L.léments de syntaxe structurale[M].Paris:Klincksieck,1959:97-186.
[19]冯志伟.特思尼耶尔的从属关系语法[J].当代语言学,1983(1):63-65.
[20]冯志伟.泰尼埃与依存语法:纪念泰尼埃逝世60周年[J].现代语文(语言研究版),2014(11):4-9.
[21]刘海涛.依存语法的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:76-166.
[22]赵军,黄昌宁.汉语基本名词短语结构分析模型[J].计算机学报,1999,22(2):141-146.
[23]苑春法,黄锦辉,李文捷.基于语义知识的汉语句法结构排歧[J].中文信息学报,1999,13(1):1-8.
[24]赵怿怡,高松,刘海涛.基于依存语法的汉语并列结构自动分析研究[C]∥中国计算机语言学研究前沿进展.北京:清华大学出版社,2009:148-153.
[25]邱立坤,金澎,王厚峰.基于依存语法构建多视图汉语树库[J].中文信息学报,2015,29(3):9-15.
[26] HUNSTON S,FRANCIS G.Pattern grammar:a corpusdriven approach to the lexical grammar of English[M].Amsterdam:Benjamins,2000:37-271.
[27] COLLINS J.Collins cobuild English language dictionary[M].Glasgow:Collins,1987.
[28] COLLINS J.Collins cobuild English grammar[M].London:HarperCollins,1990.
[29] COLLINS J.The Collins cobuild English dictionary[M].London:HarperCollins,1995.
[30]王勇.行走在语法和词汇之间:型式语法述评[J].当代语言学,2008(3):257-266.
[31]陈功,梁茂成.型式语法的产生、特点及其应用价值[J].外语学刊,2017(1):17-24.
[32] HUANG C C,CHEN M H,HUANG S T,et al.Edit:a broad-coverage grammar checker using pattern grammar[C]∥Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics:Human Language Technologies(Systems Demonstrations).Portland:Association for Computational Linguistics,2011:26-31.
[33]陈功.中国学习者英语书面语动词形式错误自动检查:一项基于链语法的研究[D].北京:北京外国语大学,2012:1-268.
[34]熊思尘.基于语料库的带it动词型式与语域的相互作用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014:32-58.
[35]于涛.基于索引行聚类的英语动词型式自动识别与提取研究[D].北京:北京外国语大学,2015:41-55.
[36]宋柔.汉语篇章广义话题结构的流水模型[J].中国语文,2013(6):483-494.
[37] FIRTH J R.Modes of meaning[C]∥Papers in Linguistics1934—1951.London:Oxford University Press,1957:190-215.
[38] SINCLAIR J M.Corpus,concordance,collocation[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1991:67-98.
[39] SONG R,JIANG Y,WANG J.On generalized-topicbased Chinese discourse structure[C]∥CIPS-SIGHAN Joint Conference on Chinese Language Processing.Beijing:Chinese Information Processing Society of China,2010:23-33.
[40]蒋玉茹,宋柔.基于广义话题理论的话题句识别[J].中文信息学报,2012,26(5):114-119.
[41]卢达威,宋柔,尚英.从广义话题结构考察汉语篇章话题认知复杂度[J].中文信息学报,2014,28(5):112-124.
[42]朱德熙.句子和主语:印欧语影响现代书面汉语和汉语句法分析的一个实例[J].世界汉语教学,1987(3):31-34.
[43]张斌,陈昌来.现代汉语句子[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2000:388-438.
[44]陆俭明.“句式语法”理论与汉语研究[J].中国语文,2004(5):412-416.
[45]范晓.关于句式问题:庆祝《语文研究》创刊30周年[J].语文研究,2010(4):1-11.
[46]范晓.关于句式的几点思考[J].汉语学习,2013(4):3-12.
[47]张伯江.论“把”字句的句式语义[J].语言研究,2000(1):28-40.
[48] SINCLAIR J M,MAURANEN A.Linear unit grammar:integrating speech and writing[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2006:49-91.
[49]冯志伟.现代语言学流派(增订本)前言[J].现代语文(语言研究版),2014(3):161.
(1)由于本文中旨在研究汉语句式,因此仅关注模式语法与句式相关的特征.
[2]连淑能.英汉对比研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1993:21.
[3]王力.中国语法理论[M].北京:中华书局出版社,2015:48.
[4]陆俭明,马真.现代汉语虚词散论(修订版)[M].北京:语文出版社,2003:1.
[5]吕叔湘.汉语语法分析问题[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979:97-99.
[6]赵元任.汉语口语语法[M].北京:商务印书馆,1979:41-44.
[7] LI C N,THOMPSON S A.Subject and topic:a new typology of language[M].New York:Academic Press,1976:457-489.
[8]林杏光.短语结构语法:“信息处理用语言理论讲话”第一讲[J].语言文字应用,1994(2):58-64.
[9]方立,吴平.中心语驱动短语结构语法评介[J].语言教学与研究,2003(5):31-43.
[10]范子衿,王惠临,张均胜.中心语驱动短语结构语法研究综述[J].现代图书情报技术,2013(4):40-47.
[11]满海霞,梁雅梦.乔姆斯基层级与自然语言语法:从短语结构语法到非转换语法[J].外国语文,2015,31(3):84-89.
[12]姚小烈.生成语法视角下的现代汉语“的”字结构研究[D].北京:中央民族大学,2010:60-113.
[13]郑友阶.同位语句法研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2013:18-77.
[14]张莹.现代汉语人称代词及相关句法问题[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2013:103-116.
[15]刘亮.现代汉语轻动词体系研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2015:43-67.
[16]冯志伟.计算语言学基础[J].方言,2002(4):384-384.
[17]冯志伟.应用语言学综论[M].广州:广东教育出版社,1999:254-262.
[18] TESNIRE L.léments de syntaxe structurale[M].Paris:Klincksieck,1959:97-186.
[19]冯志伟.特思尼耶尔的从属关系语法[J].当代语言学,1983(1):63-65.
[20]冯志伟.泰尼埃与依存语法:纪念泰尼埃逝世60周年[J].现代语文(语言研究版),2014(11):4-9.
[21]刘海涛.依存语法的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2009:76-166.
[22]赵军,黄昌宁.汉语基本名词短语结构分析模型[J].计算机学报,1999,22(2):141-146.
[23]苑春法,黄锦辉,李文捷.基于语义知识的汉语句法结构排歧[J].中文信息学报,1999,13(1):1-8.
[24]赵怿怡,高松,刘海涛.基于依存语法的汉语并列结构自动分析研究[C]∥中国计算机语言学研究前沿进展.北京:清华大学出版社,2009:148-153.
[25]邱立坤,金澎,王厚峰.基于依存语法构建多视图汉语树库[J].中文信息学报,2015,29(3):9-15.
[26] HUNSTON S,FRANCIS G.Pattern grammar:a corpusdriven approach to the lexical grammar of English[M].Amsterdam:Benjamins,2000:37-271.
[27] COLLINS J.Collins cobuild English language dictionary[M].Glasgow:Collins,1987.
[28] COLLINS J.Collins cobuild English grammar[M].London:HarperCollins,1990.
[29] COLLINS J.The Collins cobuild English dictionary[M].London:HarperCollins,1995.
[30]王勇.行走在语法和词汇之间:型式语法述评[J].当代语言学,2008(3):257-266.
[31]陈功,梁茂成.型式语法的产生、特点及其应用价值[J].外语学刊,2017(1):17-24.
[32] HUANG C C,CHEN M H,HUANG S T,et al.Edit:a broad-coverage grammar checker using pattern grammar[C]∥Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics:Human Language Technologies(Systems Demonstrations).Portland:Association for Computational Linguistics,2011:26-31.
[33]陈功.中国学习者英语书面语动词形式错误自动检查:一项基于链语法的研究[D].北京:北京外国语大学,2012:1-268.
[34]熊思尘.基于语料库的带it动词型式与语域的相互作用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014:32-58.
[35]于涛.基于索引行聚类的英语动词型式自动识别与提取研究[D].北京:北京外国语大学,2015:41-55.
[36]宋柔.汉语篇章广义话题结构的流水模型[J].中国语文,2013(6):483-494.
[37] FIRTH J R.Modes of meaning[C]∥Papers in Linguistics1934—1951.London:Oxford University Press,1957:190-215.
[38] SINCLAIR J M.Corpus,concordance,collocation[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press,1991:67-98.
[39] SONG R,JIANG Y,WANG J.On generalized-topicbased Chinese discourse structure[C]∥CIPS-SIGHAN Joint Conference on Chinese Language Processing.Beijing:Chinese Information Processing Society of China,2010:23-33.
[40]蒋玉茹,宋柔.基于广义话题理论的话题句识别[J].中文信息学报,2012,26(5):114-119.
[41]卢达威,宋柔,尚英.从广义话题结构考察汉语篇章话题认知复杂度[J].中文信息学报,2014,28(5):112-124.
[42]朱德熙.句子和主语:印欧语影响现代书面汉语和汉语句法分析的一个实例[J].世界汉语教学,1987(3):31-34.
[43]张斌,陈昌来.现代汉语句子[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,2000:388-438.
[44]陆俭明.“句式语法”理论与汉语研究[J].中国语文,2004(5):412-416.
[45]范晓.关于句式问题:庆祝《语文研究》创刊30周年[J].语文研究,2010(4):1-11.
[46]范晓.关于句式的几点思考[J].汉语学习,2013(4):3-12.
[47]张伯江.论“把”字句的句式语义[J].语言研究,2000(1):28-40.
[48] SINCLAIR J M,MAURANEN A.Linear unit grammar:integrating speech and writing[M].Amsterdam:John Benjamins,2006:49-91.
[49]冯志伟.现代语言学流派(增订本)前言[J].现代语文(语言研究版),2014(3):161.
(1)由于本文中旨在研究汉语句式,因此仅关注模式语法与句式相关的特征.