高压交流盆式绝缘子电热场模拟与绝缘事故分析
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摘要
盆式绝缘子广泛应用于高压组合电器(GIS)设备中,是实现中心导体与接地法兰间电气隔离的重要绝缘件。论文试验分析了盆式绝缘子用材料的绝缘性能,并通过电热耦合分析流程获取了盆式绝缘子的电热场分布,计算得到了最热点温度与载流量之间的关系。应用理论模型获取了盆式绝缘子的发热曲线,并用该曲线对盆子绝缘事故进行了分析。研究表明:盆子本体材料绝缘性能参数与温度具有较为显著的非线形关系;基于有限元法(FEM)的涡流场和谐波场分析方法能有效计算工频条件下中心导杆和盆子本体的发热;电场强度最大值出现在盆子与中心导体交界面处,其值为6.033 MV/m;且温度最高点位于盆子中心导体侧附近,其值为82℃;当载流量高于1.5倍额定值时,出现了温度骤然上升的热击穿现象。论文提出的电热耦合计算流程为盆式绝缘子设计方案的电热性能校核提供了途径,同时可为其现场维护及事故分析提供一定的理论指导。
Disc insulator is widely used in gas insulated station(GIS) equipment, which is an important part of the electrical isolation between central conductors and a grounding flange. We analyzed the insulation performances of materials used in the disc insulator. The heating curve of the disc insulator was obtained by using the theoretical model, and an insulation accident was analyzed using this curve. The electric and thermal field distribution of the disc insulator was obtained through the electro-thermal coupling analysis process, and the relationship between the hot-spot temperature and the current load was calculated. The research results show that the insulating properties of the spacer material have significant nonlinear relationship with temperature. The eddy current field and harmonic field analysis method by finite element method(FEM) can effectively calculate the heat of center conductors and a spacer under 50 Hz condition. The maximum electric field strength locates at the interface of center conductors and a spacer with value of 6.033 MV/m, and the hot spot is near center conductors of a spacer with value of 82 ℃. When the load is higher than 1.5 times of the rated value, the sudden rise of temperature will appear which is called thermal collapse phenomenon. Therefore, the thermal and electric field coupling calculation process provides a way to check the performance of the design scheme of the disc insulator, and can also provide a theoretical guidance for the field maintenance and accident analysis of disc insulators.
Disc insulator is widely used in gas insulated station(GIS) equipment, which is an important part of the electrical isolation between central conductors and a grounding flange. We analyzed the insulation performances of materials used in the disc insulator. The heating curve of the disc insulator was obtained by using the theoretical model, and an insulation accident was analyzed using this curve. The electric and thermal field distribution of the disc insulator was obtained through the electro-thermal coupling analysis process, and the relationship between the hot-spot temperature and the current load was calculated. The research results show that the insulating properties of the spacer material have significant nonlinear relationship with temperature. The eddy current field and harmonic field analysis method by finite element method(FEM) can effectively calculate the heat of center conductors and a spacer under 50 Hz condition. The maximum electric field strength locates at the interface of center conductors and a spacer with value of 6.033 MV/m, and the hot spot is near center conductors of a spacer with value of 82 ℃. When the load is higher than 1.5 times of the rated value, the sudden rise of temperature will appear which is called thermal collapse phenomenon. Therefore, the thermal and electric field coupling calculation process provides a way to check the performance of the design scheme of the disc insulator, and can also provide a theoretical guidance for the field maintenance and accident analysis of disc insulators.
引文
[1]孙秋芹,罗宸江,汪沨,等.特高压GIS盆式绝缘子沿面闪络特性研究综述[J].高压电器,2018,54(5):17-25.SUN Qiuqin,LUO Chenjiang,WANG Feng,et al.Overview on the surface flashover of basin-type insulator in UHV GIS[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2018,54(5):17-25.
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[3]高有华,王彩云,刘晓明,等.盆式绝缘子存在自由金属颗粒时的电场分析及其对沿面闪络的影响[J].电工电能新技术,2015,34(8):56-61.GAO Youhua,WANG Caiyun,LIU Xiaoming,et al.Analysis of electric field of basin-type insulator existing metal particles and its influence on surface flashover[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2015,34(8):56-61.
[4]施毅舟,张欣,李西育,等.基于应力应变分析的盆式绝缘子破裂趋势判断方法研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(2):19-30.SHI Yizhou,ZHANG Xin,LI Xiyu,et al.Judgment method of basin insulator rupture process based on the analysis of stress and strain[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(2):19-30.
[5]GAO Y H,WANG E Z,LI Y B,et al.Analysis of transient electric field for epoxy spacer under lightning impulse voltage[J].IEEETransactions on Magnetics,2006,42(4):595-598.
[6]KURIMOTO M,KATO K,HANAI M,et al.Application of functionally grading material for reducing electric field on electrode and spacer interface[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(1):256-263.
[7]陈强,李庆民,丛浩熹,等.引入多重边界条件的GIS母线温度分布多场耦合计算及影响因素分析[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(17):187-195.CHEN Qiang,LI Qingmin,CONG Haoxi,et al.Numerical calculation and correlative factors analysis on temperature distribution of GIS bus bar based on coupled multi-physics methodology combined with multiple boundary conditions[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(17):187-195.
[8]陈允,崔博源,王宁华,等.1 100 kV盆式绝缘子改善机械强度的研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(7):52-56.CHEN Yun,CUI Boyuan,WANG Ninghua,et al.Study of improving mechanical strength for 1 100 kV spacer insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,51(7):52-56.
[9]杜进桥,张施令,李乃一,等.特高压交流盆式绝缘子电场分布计算及屏蔽罩结构优化[J].高电压技术,2013,39(12):3037-3043.DU Jinqiao,ZHANG Shiling,LI Naiyi,et al.Electric field distribution calculation and shielding electrode structure optimization of UHVACbasin-type insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(12):3037-3043.
[10]余良清,王洪涛,魏俊梅,等.1 100 kV盆式绝缘子研制开发[J].高压电器,2016,52(6):29-33.YU Liangqing,WANG Hongtao,WEI Junmei,et al.Development of1 100 kV spacer[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(6):29-33.
[11]郝留成,杨保利,田浩,等.特高压盆式绝缘子工艺技术研究[J].绝缘材料,2014,47(5):45-49.HAO Liucheng,YANG Baoli,TIAN Hao,et al.Study of process technology of UHV basin insulator[J].Insulating Materials,2006,39(3):9-11.
[12]王浩然,郭子豪,张丝钰,等.缺陷对特高压交流盆式绝缘子电场分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2018,44(3):982-992.WANG Haoran,GUO Zihao,ZHANG Siyu,et al.Influence of UHVAC GIS spacer defects on electrical field distribution[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(3):982-992.
[13]李文栋,刘哲,有晓宇,等.叠层式介电功能梯度绝缘子的介电常数分布优化[J].西安交通大学学报,2016,50(10):19-25.LI Wendong,LIU Zhe,YOU Xiaoyu,et al.Permittivity distribution optimization for multi-layer dielectric FGM insulator[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2016,50(10):19-25.
[14]常文治,毕建刚,刘姝嫔,等.GIS盆式绝缘子典型缺陷的电场仿真[J].高压电器,2018,54(5):138-143.CHANG Wenzhi,BI Jiangang,LIU Shupin,et al.Electric field simulation of GIS insulators typical defects[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2018,54(5):138-143.
[15]崔博源,王宁华,王承玉,等.特高压气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备用盆式绝缘子的质量控制[J].高电压技术,2014,40(12):3888-3894.CUI Boyuan,WANG Ninghua,WANG Chengyu,et al.Quality control for basin insulator used in gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear of ultra-high voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(12):3888-3894.
[16]陈允,崔博源,王宁华,等.1 100 kV气体绝缘开关设备用盆式绝缘子中心嵌件结构设计[J].高电压技术,2016,42(2):564-570.CHEN Yun,CUI Boyuan,WANG Ninghua,et al.Structural design of central insert in basin-type insulator used for 1 100 kV GIS[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(2):564-570.
[17]王永强,胡芳芳,谢军,等.GIS盆式绝缘子气隙缺陷下电场变化规律仿真研究[J].绝缘材料,2016,49(1):40-45.WANG Yongqiang,HU Fangfang,XIE Jun,et al.Simulation study on electric field change rule of GIS disc insulator with air gap defects[J].Insulating Materials,2016,49(1):40-45.
[18]郭子豪,王浩然,李禾,等.特高压盆式绝缘子水压试验中应力应变分布的仿真计算与光纤测量[J].高电压技术,2018,44(3):993-1002.GUO Zihao,WANG Haoran,LI He,et al.Calculation and experimental study on strain and stress distribution of UHV GIS spacer during hydrostatic test[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(3):993-1002.
[19]黄荣辉,张欣,秦逸帆,等.雷电冲击下金属污染物对GIS中盆式绝缘子闪络特性的影响[J].高压电器,2016,52(4):111-116.HUANG Ronghui,ZHANG Xin,QIN Yifan,et al.Influence of metallic particle contamination on flashover characteristics of disc insulators in GIS under lightning impulse voltages[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(4):111-116.
[2]尹婷,严飞,王子建,等.高压自愈式电容器典型交流工况下温度场分析及优化设计[J].高电压技术,2016,42(12):3996-4004.YIN Ting,YAN Fei,WANG Zijian,et al.Temperature field analysis and optimization design of high-voltage self-healing capacitor at typical operating conditions in power system[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(12):3996-4004.
[3]高有华,王彩云,刘晓明,等.盆式绝缘子存在自由金属颗粒时的电场分析及其对沿面闪络的影响[J].电工电能新技术,2015,34(8):56-61.GAO Youhua,WANG Caiyun,LIU Xiaoming,et al.Analysis of electric field of basin-type insulator existing metal particles and its influence on surface flashover[J].Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2015,34(8):56-61.
[4]施毅舟,张欣,李西育,等.基于应力应变分析的盆式绝缘子破裂趋势判断方法研究[J].电瓷避雷器,2015(2):19-30.SHI Yizhou,ZHANG Xin,LI Xiyu,et al.Judgment method of basin insulator rupture process based on the analysis of stress and strain[J].Insulators and Surge Arresters,2015(2):19-30.
[5]GAO Y H,WANG E Z,LI Y B,et al.Analysis of transient electric field for epoxy spacer under lightning impulse voltage[J].IEEETransactions on Magnetics,2006,42(4):595-598.
[6]KURIMOTO M,KATO K,HANAI M,et al.Application of functionally grading material for reducing electric field on electrode and spacer interface[J].IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation,2010,17(1):256-263.
[7]陈强,李庆民,丛浩熹,等.引入多重边界条件的GIS母线温度分布多场耦合计算及影响因素分析[J].电工技术学报,2016,31(17):187-195.CHEN Qiang,LI Qingmin,CONG Haoxi,et al.Numerical calculation and correlative factors analysis on temperature distribution of GIS bus bar based on coupled multi-physics methodology combined with multiple boundary conditions[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2016,31(17):187-195.
[8]陈允,崔博源,王宁华,等.1 100 kV盆式绝缘子改善机械强度的研究[J].高压电器,2015,51(7):52-56.CHEN Yun,CUI Boyuan,WANG Ninghua,et al.Study of improving mechanical strength for 1 100 kV spacer insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2015,51(7):52-56.
[9]杜进桥,张施令,李乃一,等.特高压交流盆式绝缘子电场分布计算及屏蔽罩结构优化[J].高电压技术,2013,39(12):3037-3043.DU Jinqiao,ZHANG Shiling,LI Naiyi,et al.Electric field distribution calculation and shielding electrode structure optimization of UHVACbasin-type insulator[J].High Voltage Engineering,2013,39(12):3037-3043.
[10]余良清,王洪涛,魏俊梅,等.1 100 kV盆式绝缘子研制开发[J].高压电器,2016,52(6):29-33.YU Liangqing,WANG Hongtao,WEI Junmei,et al.Development of1 100 kV spacer[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(6):29-33.
[11]郝留成,杨保利,田浩,等.特高压盆式绝缘子工艺技术研究[J].绝缘材料,2014,47(5):45-49.HAO Liucheng,YANG Baoli,TIAN Hao,et al.Study of process technology of UHV basin insulator[J].Insulating Materials,2006,39(3):9-11.
[12]王浩然,郭子豪,张丝钰,等.缺陷对特高压交流盆式绝缘子电场分布的影响[J].高电压技术,2018,44(3):982-992.WANG Haoran,GUO Zihao,ZHANG Siyu,et al.Influence of UHVAC GIS spacer defects on electrical field distribution[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(3):982-992.
[13]李文栋,刘哲,有晓宇,等.叠层式介电功能梯度绝缘子的介电常数分布优化[J].西安交通大学学报,2016,50(10):19-25.LI Wendong,LIU Zhe,YOU Xiaoyu,et al.Permittivity distribution optimization for multi-layer dielectric FGM insulator[J].Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University,2016,50(10):19-25.
[14]常文治,毕建刚,刘姝嫔,等.GIS盆式绝缘子典型缺陷的电场仿真[J].高压电器,2018,54(5):138-143.CHANG Wenzhi,BI Jiangang,LIU Shupin,et al.Electric field simulation of GIS insulators typical defects[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2018,54(5):138-143.
[15]崔博源,王宁华,王承玉,等.特高压气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备用盆式绝缘子的质量控制[J].高电压技术,2014,40(12):3888-3894.CUI Boyuan,WANG Ninghua,WANG Chengyu,et al.Quality control for basin insulator used in gas insulated metal enclosed switchgear of ultra-high voltage[J].High Voltage Engineering,2014,40(12):3888-3894.
[16]陈允,崔博源,王宁华,等.1 100 kV气体绝缘开关设备用盆式绝缘子中心嵌件结构设计[J].高电压技术,2016,42(2):564-570.CHEN Yun,CUI Boyuan,WANG Ninghua,et al.Structural design of central insert in basin-type insulator used for 1 100 kV GIS[J].High Voltage Engineering,2016,42(2):564-570.
[17]王永强,胡芳芳,谢军,等.GIS盆式绝缘子气隙缺陷下电场变化规律仿真研究[J].绝缘材料,2016,49(1):40-45.WANG Yongqiang,HU Fangfang,XIE Jun,et al.Simulation study on electric field change rule of GIS disc insulator with air gap defects[J].Insulating Materials,2016,49(1):40-45.
[18]郭子豪,王浩然,李禾,等.特高压盆式绝缘子水压试验中应力应变分布的仿真计算与光纤测量[J].高电压技术,2018,44(3):993-1002.GUO Zihao,WANG Haoran,LI He,et al.Calculation and experimental study on strain and stress distribution of UHV GIS spacer during hydrostatic test[J].High Voltage Engineering,2018,44(3):993-1002.
[19]黄荣辉,张欣,秦逸帆,等.雷电冲击下金属污染物对GIS中盆式绝缘子闪络特性的影响[J].高压电器,2016,52(4):111-116.HUANG Ronghui,ZHANG Xin,QIN Yifan,et al.Influence of metallic particle contamination on flashover characteristics of disc insulators in GIS under lightning impulse voltages[J].High Voltage Apparatus,2016,52(4):111-116.