焦家金矿土壤中汞的形态分布特征研究
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摘要
采用改进的Tessier连续提取法分析了焦家金矿土壤中不同赋存形态汞的含量,阐述了金矿水平剖面土壤中不同形态汞的分布特征及相互转化规律。结果表明,土壤中汞主要以残渣态存在,不同形态汞平均含量依次为:残渣态>腐殖酸结合态>强有机结合态>水溶态>铁锰氧化物结合态>碳酸盐结合态>离子交换态;金矿对土壤中不同形态汞的影响显著,除碳酸盐结合态外,其他各形态汞都有在金矿附近富集的现象;非残渣态汞占总汞的27%左右,金矿土壤中的汞具有较大的生物可利用性;金矿附近土壤中活性较高的形态(离子交换态、水溶态、碳酸盐结合态及铁锰氧化物结合态)占总汞比例较低,活性较低的形态(腐殖酸结合态及强有机结合态)占总汞比例较高。金矿开采活动可能对土壤中汞形态的分布造成影响。
An improved Tessier sequential extraction method is used to analyze the concentration of different kinds of mercury in the soil of Jiaojia Gold Mine,this paper elaborates on the distribution characteristics of different mercury speciations in the soil of horizontal spatial of the mine.The results indicate that firstly,mercury in soil exists mainly in residue speciation,and the descending order of the average concentration of different speciations of mercury are as follows: residual>humic acid>strong organic>water-soluble>Fe/Mn oxide>carbonate>ion exchangeable.Secondly,the gold mine has a significant effect on different speciations of mercury in soil and in addition to a carbonate combined state,a variety of speciations of mercury are enriched near the gold mine.Thirdly,the non-residual mercury accounts for about 27% of the total mercury,the mercury in the soil of the gold mine has greater bioavailability.The speciation of mercury with high biological effectiveness in the soil near the gold mine(ion exchangeable,water-soluble,carbonate and Fe/Mn oxide) accounted for lower ratio of the total mercury.However,the speciation of mercury with low biological effectiveness(humic acid and strong organic)accounts for higher ratio of the total mercury.The activities of gold mining may affect the distribution of mercury speciation in the soil.
An improved Tessier sequential extraction method is used to analyze the concentration of different kinds of mercury in the soil of Jiaojia Gold Mine,this paper elaborates on the distribution characteristics of different mercury speciations in the soil of horizontal spatial of the mine.The results indicate that firstly,mercury in soil exists mainly in residue speciation,and the descending order of the average concentration of different speciations of mercury are as follows: residual>humic acid>strong organic>water-soluble>Fe/Mn oxide>carbonate>ion exchangeable.Secondly,the gold mine has a significant effect on different speciations of mercury in soil and in addition to a carbonate combined state,a variety of speciations of mercury are enriched near the gold mine.Thirdly,the non-residual mercury accounts for about 27% of the total mercury,the mercury in the soil of the gold mine has greater bioavailability.The speciation of mercury with high biological effectiveness in the soil near the gold mine(ion exchangeable,water-soluble,carbonate and Fe/Mn oxide) accounted for lower ratio of the total mercury.However,the speciation of mercury with low biological effectiveness(humic acid and strong organic)accounts for higher ratio of the total mercury.The activities of gold mining may affect the distribution of mercury speciation in the soil.
引文
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[24]杨宏伟,王明仕,徐爱菊,等.黄河(清水河段)沉积物中锰、钴、镍的化学形态研究[J].环境科学研究,2001,14(5):20-22.
[25]王海,王春霞,王子健.太湖表层沉积物中重金属的形态分析[J].环境化学,2002,21:430-435.
[26]周启星,黄国宏.环境生物地球化学及全球环境变化[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[27]冯新斌,陈业材,朱卫国.土壤中汞存在形式的研究[J].矿物学报,1996,16(2):218-222.
[28]Wiese S B O,Macleod CL,Lester JN.A recent history of metalaccumulation in the sediments of the Thames Estuary,UnitedKingdom[J].Estuaries,1997,20(3):483-493.
[29]刘文长,马玲,刘洪青,等.生态地球化学土壤样品元素形态分析方法研究[J].岩矿测试,2005,24(3):181-188.
[30]Skyllberg U,Bloom P R,Qian J,et al.Complexation of Mercu-ry(II)in soil organic matter:EXAFS evidence for linear two-co-ordination with reduced sulfur groups[J].Environ.Sci.Techn-ol,2006,40(13):4 174-4 180.
[31]G E M Hall,P Pelchat.Comparison of two reagents,sodiumpyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide,in the extraction of labilemetal organic complexes[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,1997,99:217-223.
[32]Biester H,Gosar M,Covelli S.Occurrence and fractionation ofmercury species derived from dumped mining residues in sedi-ments of the idrija mining area[J].Environ.Sci.Technol,2000,34:3 330-3 336.
[33]A Tessier,P G C Campbell,M Bisson.Sequential extractionprocedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Ana-lytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[34]C E Holloway,M Melnik.Mercury organometallic compounds:classification and analysis of crystallographic and structural data[J].Organometal Chem.,1995,495:1-32.
[35]韩春梅,王林山,巩宗强,等.土壤中重金属形态分析及其环境学意义[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1499-1502.
[36]吴新民,潘根兴.影响城市土壤重金属污染因子的关联度分析[J].土壤学报,2003,40(6):921-929.921-929.
[2]王学锋,杨艳琴.土壤-植物系统重金属形态分析和生物有效性研究进展[J].化工环保,2004,24(1):24-28.
[3]Eckley C S,Gustin M,Marsik F.Measurement of surface mer-cury fluxes at active industrial gold mines in Nevada(USA)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2011,409:514-522.
[4]李卫东,贾振清,赵来社,等.壤中汞气测量方法在临江大松树金矿的应用[J].吉林地质,2008,27(4):50-53.
[5]Paul C,Marcello M V,Ibrahim S.Mercury contamination fromartisanal gold mining in Antioquia,Colombia:The world's highestper capita mercury pollution[J].Science of The Total Environ-ment,2011,410:154-160.
[6]Petervan Straaten.Mercury contamination associated with small-scale gold mining in Tanzania and Zimbabwe[J].Science ofThe Total Environment,2000,259:105-113.
[7]Samuel J S,Marcello M V.International guidelines on mercurymanagement in small-scale gold mining[J].Journal of CleanerProduction,2010,18(4):375-385.
[8]毛振才,杨忠涛.氢化物原子荧光法测定化探样品中汞砷锑秘[J].岩矿测试,1986,3(5):209-213.
[9]DD2005-3,生态地球化学评价样品分析技术要求(试行)[S].
[10]夏学齐,陈骏,廖启林,等.南京地区表土镉汞铅含量的空间统计分析[J].地球化学,2006,35(1):95-102.
[11]陶澍,曹军,李本纲.深圳市土壤微量元素含量成因分析[J].土壤学报,2001,38(2):248-255.
[12]李永华,王五一,杨林生,等.湘西多金属矿区汞铅污染土壤的环境质量[J].环境科学,2005,26(5):187-191.
[13]李永华,杨林生,李海蓉.湘黔汞矿区土壤汞的化学形态及污染特征[J].环境科学,2007,28(3):655-658.
[14]杨军,陈同斌,郑袁明,等.北京市凉凤灌区小麦重金属含量的动态变化及健康风险分析———兼论土壤重金属有效性测定指标的可靠性[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(12):1661-1668.
[15]Lena Q M,Gade N R.Chemical fractionation of Cadmium,Cop-per,Nikel and Zinc in contaminated soils[J].Environ.Qual,1997,26:259-264.
[16]李宇庆,陈玲,仇雁翎,等.上海化学工业区土壤重金属元素形态分析[J].生态环境,2004,13(2):154-155.
[17]Xue J L,Yang J R.The heavy metal in the land ecosystem[M].Beijing:Environment Science Press of China,1995.
[18]林淑芬,李辉信,胡锋.蚓粪对黑麦草吸收污染土壤重金属铜的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,43(6):911-918.
[19]包正铎,王建旭,冯新斌.贵州万山汞矿区污染土壤中汞的形态分布特征[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(5):907-913.
[20]马玲,刘文长,查立新.土壤样品中镉的形态分析研究[J].安徽地质,2010,20(4):273-276.
[21]Biester H,Scholz C.Determination of mercury binding forms incontaminated soils:mercury pyrolysis versus sepuential extrac-tions[J].Environ Sci Technol,1997,31:233-239.
[22]A J Renneberg,M J Dudas.Transformations of elemental mer-cury to inorganic an organic forms in mecury and hydrocarbon co-contaminated soils[J].Chemosphere,2001,(45):1 103-1109.
[23]魏俊峰,吴大清,彭金莲,等.广州城市水体沉积物中重金属形态分布研究[J].土壤与环境,1999,8(1):10-14.
[24]杨宏伟,王明仕,徐爱菊,等.黄河(清水河段)沉积物中锰、钴、镍的化学形态研究[J].环境科学研究,2001,14(5):20-22.
[25]王海,王春霞,王子健.太湖表层沉积物中重金属的形态分析[J].环境化学,2002,21:430-435.
[26]周启星,黄国宏.环境生物地球化学及全球环境变化[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[27]冯新斌,陈业材,朱卫国.土壤中汞存在形式的研究[J].矿物学报,1996,16(2):218-222.
[28]Wiese S B O,Macleod CL,Lester JN.A recent history of metalaccumulation in the sediments of the Thames Estuary,UnitedKingdom[J].Estuaries,1997,20(3):483-493.
[29]刘文长,马玲,刘洪青,等.生态地球化学土壤样品元素形态分析方法研究[J].岩矿测试,2005,24(3):181-188.
[30]Skyllberg U,Bloom P R,Qian J,et al.Complexation of Mercu-ry(II)in soil organic matter:EXAFS evidence for linear two-co-ordination with reduced sulfur groups[J].Environ.Sci.Techn-ol,2006,40(13):4 174-4 180.
[31]G E M Hall,P Pelchat.Comparison of two reagents,sodiumpyrophosphate and sodium hydroxide,in the extraction of labilemetal organic complexes[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,1997,99:217-223.
[32]Biester H,Gosar M,Covelli S.Occurrence and fractionation ofmercury species derived from dumped mining residues in sedi-ments of the idrija mining area[J].Environ.Sci.Technol,2000,34:3 330-3 336.
[33]A Tessier,P G C Campbell,M Bisson.Sequential extractionprocedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Ana-lytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-851.
[34]C E Holloway,M Melnik.Mercury organometallic compounds:classification and analysis of crystallographic and structural data[J].Organometal Chem.,1995,495:1-32.
[35]韩春梅,王林山,巩宗强,等.土壤中重金属形态分析及其环境学意义[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1499-1502.
[36]吴新民,潘根兴.影响城市土壤重金属污染因子的关联度分析[J].土壤学报,2003,40(6):921-929.921-929.