江苏典型地区河流沉积物重金属元素分布特征及其污染来源
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摘要
通过对河流沉积物等地表沉积物中重金属元素分布等环境地球化学调查数据的统计分析,总结了江苏典型地区河流沉积物中重金属元素的分布特点与规律:江苏局部地区河流沉积物中,Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr、Cu、Ni、Hg等相对富集趋势明显,Cd最大富集倍数> 100;不同河流沉积物的重金属元素分布存在差异,与其污染来源密切相关;工业排放是导致河流重金属污染的主要原因,使用含Cd的颜料作为调色剂导致部分河流出现严重Cd污染;与土壤等其他地表沉积物相比,河流沉积物中重金属元素的分布更不均衡。查明河流沉积物的重金属元素分布可为相关农产品安全性预测、确定重金属污染来源、追踪涉重产业的发展历程、防治局部耕地重金属污染等提供科学依据。
By statistical analysis of related environmental geochemical survey data such as the distribution of heavy metal elements in surface fluvial sediments,this work summarized the distribution characteristics and regularity of heavy metal elements from fluvial sediments in some typical areas of Jiangsu Province. The main conclusions are as follows. Iocal fluvial sediments display obviously relative enrichment trend for some heavy metal elements including Cd,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cu,Ni and Hg,and the largest enriched multiples of Cd are larger than 100. There are some differences of the heavy metal element distribution in different fluvial sediments from different polluted sources. The heavy metals pollution originated mainly from related industrial discharge in the fluvial sediments,and serious Cd contamination was discovered in some river by overusing Cd-enriched pigments in some industrial production. The distribution of heavy metal elements in the fluvial sediments is more uneven as to other surface sediments such as soil sediments. The heavy metal element distribution in the fluvial sediments can provide important environmental geochemical evidences to predict agricultural products safety,determine polluted sources,track industrial development processes related to heavy metal products,and to cure or control local farmland heavy metal pollution.
By statistical analysis of related environmental geochemical survey data such as the distribution of heavy metal elements in surface fluvial sediments,this work summarized the distribution characteristics and regularity of heavy metal elements from fluvial sediments in some typical areas of Jiangsu Province. The main conclusions are as follows. Iocal fluvial sediments display obviously relative enrichment trend for some heavy metal elements including Cd,Pb,Zn,Cr,Cu,Ni and Hg,and the largest enriched multiples of Cd are larger than 100. There are some differences of the heavy metal element distribution in different fluvial sediments from different polluted sources. The heavy metals pollution originated mainly from related industrial discharge in the fluvial sediments,and serious Cd contamination was discovered in some river by overusing Cd-enriched pigments in some industrial production. The distribution of heavy metal elements in the fluvial sediments is more uneven as to other surface sediments such as soil sediments. The heavy metal element distribution in the fluvial sediments can provide important environmental geochemical evidences to predict agricultural products safety,determine polluted sources,track industrial development processes related to heavy metal products,and to cure or control local farmland heavy metal pollution.
引文
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廖启林,黄顺生,范迪富,等,2005.微量元素在湖积物、土壤的垂向分布与稻谷中的分配[J].第四纪研究,25(3):331-339.
李莲芳,曾希柏,李国学,等,2007.北京市温榆河沉积物的重金属污染风险评价[J].环境科学学报,27(2):289-297.
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刘红磊,尹澄清,唐运平,2010.太湖梅梁湾岸边带底泥中重金属的形态与分布[J].中国环境科学,30(3):389-394.
廖启林,刘聪,金洋,等,2011.江苏土壤地球化学分区[J].地质学刊,35(3):225-235.
李玉斌,冯流,刘征涛,等,2012.中国主要淡水湖泊沉积物中重金属生态风险研究[J].环境科学与技术,35(2):200-205.
廖启林,刘聪,金洋,等,2013.江苏省域土壤元素地表富集及其与人为活动的关系研究[J].第四纪研究,33(5):972-985.
毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等,2014.太湖东部不同类型湖区疏浚后沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,35(1):186-193.
潘根兴,成杰民,高建琴,等,2000.江苏吴县土壤环境中某些重金属元素的变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,9(1):51-55.
王学松,秦勇,2006.徐州城市表层土壤中重金属环境风险测度与源解析[J].地球化学,35(1):88-94.
吴光红,朱兆洲,刘二保,等,2008.天津城市排污河道沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征[J].环境科学,29(2):413-420.
魏荣菲,庄舜尧,杨浩,等,2010.苏州河网区河道沉积物重金属的污染特征[J].湖泊科学,22(4):527-537.
吴斌,宋金明,李学刚,2013.黄河口表层沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学特征[J].环境科学,34(4):1324-1332.
王漫漫,陆昊,李慧明,等,2016.太湖流域典型河流重金属污染和生态风险评估[J].环境化学,35(10):2025-2035.
王雪平,王淑红,2017.河南省淮河流域底泥重金属形态分布特征及其潜在风险评价[J].江苏农业科学,45(15):264-270.
向勇,缪启龙,丰江帆,2006.太湖底泥中重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].南京气象学院学报,29(5):700-705.
辛璐君,齐学斌,郭建青,等,2016.单次污水灌溉后长期污灌土壤镉的垂向分布特征[J].中国生态农业学报,24(2):235-243.
熊春晖,张瑞雷,吴晓东,等,2016.滆湖表层沉积物营养盐和重金属分布及污染评价[J].环境科学,37(3):925-934.
杨守业,李从先,张家强,2000.苏北滨海平原冰后期古地理演化与沉积物物源研究[J].古地理学报,2(2):65-72.
严长安,崔小丽,王建,等,2009.扬州市城区地表水底泥重金属污染现状与风险评价[J].环境污染与防治,31(8):50-54.
张立,袁旭音,邓旭,2007.南京玄武湖底泥重金属形态与环境意义[J].湖泊科学,19(l):63-69.
钟晓兰,周生路,李江涛,等,2008.长江三角洲地区土壤重金属生物有效性的研究:以江苏昆山市为例[J].土壤学报,45(2):239-248.
郑茂坤,骆永明,赵其国,等,2010.废旧电子产品拆解区农田土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd污染特征及空间分布规律[J].土壤学报,47(3):384-388.
曾希柏,徐建明,黄巧云,等,2013.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考[J].土壤学报,50(1):186-194.
朱陈名,朱咏莉,韩建,等,2017.洪泽湖重金属污染现状与防控技术[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),41(3):175-181.
Abu-Rukah Y,Ghrefat H A,2001.Assessment of the anthropogenic influx of metallic pollutants in Yarmouk River,Jordan[J].Environmental Geology,40(6):683-692.
Bilali L E,Rasmussen P E,Hall G E M,et al.,2002.Role of sediment composition in trace metal distribution in lake sediments[J].Applied Geochemistry,17(9):1171-1181.
Borrego J,Morales J A,De la Torre M L,et al.,2002.Geochemical characteristics of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of Tinto and Odiel river estuary(Southwestern Spain)[J].Environmental Geology,41(7):785-796.
Bai Junhong,Cui Baoshan,Chen Bin,et al.,2011.Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from a typical plateau lake wetland,China[J].Ecological Modelling,222(2):301-306.
Liao Qilin,Evans L J,Gu Xueyuan,et al.,2007.A regional geochemical survey of soils in Jiangsu Province,China:Preliminary assessment of soil fertility and soil contamination[J].Geoderm,142(1/2):18-28.
Li Fei,Huang Jinhui,Zeng Guangming,et al.,2013.Spatial risk assessment and sources identification of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Dongting Lake,Middle China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,132(3):75-83.
Li Jianguo,Pu Lijie,Liao Qilin,et al.,2015.How anthropogenic activities affect soil heavy metal concentration on a broad scale:a geochemistry survey in Yangtze River Delta,Eastern China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,73(4):1823-1835.
Liao Qilin,Liu Cong,Haiyun,et al.,2015.Association of soil cadmium contamination with ceramic industry:A case study in a Chinese town[J].Science of the Total Environment,514:26-32.
Wu Shaohua,Zhou Shenglu,Li Xingong,et al.,2010.Heavymetal accumulation trends in Yixing,China:An area of rapid economic development[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,61(1):79-86.
Yuan Hezhong,Shen Ji,Liu Enfeng,et al.,2011.Assessment of nutrients and heavy metals enrichment in surface sediments from Taihu Lake,a eutrophic shallow lake in China[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,33(1):67-81.
Zhang Weiguo,Feng Huan,Chang Jinna,et al.,2009.Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Yangtze River intertidal zone:An assessment from different indexes[J].Environmental Pollution,157(5):1533-1543.
陈永,黄标,胡文友,等,2013.设施蔬菜生产系统重金属积累特征及生态效应[J].土壤学报,50(4):693-702.
冯旭文,石学法,黄永祥,等,2011.长江口东南泥质区百年来稀土元素的组成及控制因素[J].地球化学,40(5):464-472.
方晓航,刘晓文,魏东洋,等,2012.太湖流域漕桥河沉积物重金属污染特征分布[J].环境化学,31(6):771-776.
付传城,王文勇,潘剑君,等,2014.城乡结合带土壤重金属时空变异特征与源解析:以南京市柘塘镇为例[J].土壤学报,51(5):1066-1077.
高文华,杜永芬,王丹丹,等,2012.福建罗源湾潮间带沉积物重金属含量空间分布及其环境质量影响[J].环境科学,33(9):3097-3103.
华明,朱伯万,廖启林,等,2008.江苏主要公路两侧农田土壤重金属污染现状初步研究[J].地质学刊,32(3):165-171.
姜霞,王雯雯,王书航,等,2012.竺山湾重金属污染底泥环保疏浚深度的推算[J].环境科学,33(4):1189-1197.
季斌,杭小帅,梁斌,等,2013.湖泊沉积物重金属污染研究进展[J].污染防治技术,26(5):33-40.
鲁孟胜,孔凡顺,庄学厚,2003.山东西南部南四湖流域环境地质综合调查[J].中国地质,30(4):424-428.
廖启林,黄顺生,范迪富,等,2005.微量元素在湖积物、土壤的垂向分布与稻谷中的分配[J].第四纪研究,25(3):331-339.
李莲芳,曾希柏,李国学,等,2007.北京市温榆河沉积物的重金属污染风险评价[J].环境科学学报,27(2):289-297.
林春野,何孟常,李艳霞,等,2008.松花江沉积物金属元素含量、污染及地球化学特征[J].环境科学,29(8):2123-2130.
廖启林,华明,金洋,等,2009.江苏省土壤重金属分布特征与污染源初步研究[J].中国地质,36(5):1163-1174.
刘红磊,尹澄清,唐运平,2010.太湖梅梁湾岸边带底泥中重金属的形态与分布[J].中国环境科学,30(3):389-394.
廖启林,刘聪,金洋,等,2011.江苏土壤地球化学分区[J].地质学刊,35(3):225-235.
李玉斌,冯流,刘征涛,等,2012.中国主要淡水湖泊沉积物中重金属生态风险研究[J].环境科学与技术,35(2):200-205.
廖启林,刘聪,金洋,等,2013.江苏省域土壤元素地表富集及其与人为活动的关系研究[J].第四纪研究,33(5):972-985.
毛志刚,谷孝鸿,陆小明,等,2014.太湖东部不同类型湖区疏浚后沉积物重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价[J].环境科学,35(1):186-193.
潘根兴,成杰民,高建琴,等,2000.江苏吴县土壤环境中某些重金属元素的变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,9(1):51-55.
王学松,秦勇,2006.徐州城市表层土壤中重金属环境风险测度与源解析[J].地球化学,35(1):88-94.
吴光红,朱兆洲,刘二保,等,2008.天津城市排污河道沉积物中重金属含量及分布特征[J].环境科学,29(2):413-420.
魏荣菲,庄舜尧,杨浩,等,2010.苏州河网区河道沉积物重金属的污染特征[J].湖泊科学,22(4):527-537.
吴斌,宋金明,李学刚,2013.黄河口表层沉积物中重金属的环境地球化学特征[J].环境科学,34(4):1324-1332.
王漫漫,陆昊,李慧明,等,2016.太湖流域典型河流重金属污染和生态风险评估[J].环境化学,35(10):2025-2035.
王雪平,王淑红,2017.河南省淮河流域底泥重金属形态分布特征及其潜在风险评价[J].江苏农业科学,45(15):264-270.
向勇,缪启龙,丰江帆,2006.太湖底泥中重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价[J].南京气象学院学报,29(5):700-705.
辛璐君,齐学斌,郭建青,等,2016.单次污水灌溉后长期污灌土壤镉的垂向分布特征[J].中国生态农业学报,24(2):235-243.
熊春晖,张瑞雷,吴晓东,等,2016.滆湖表层沉积物营养盐和重金属分布及污染评价[J].环境科学,37(3):925-934.
杨守业,李从先,张家强,2000.苏北滨海平原冰后期古地理演化与沉积物物源研究[J].古地理学报,2(2):65-72.
严长安,崔小丽,王建,等,2009.扬州市城区地表水底泥重金属污染现状与风险评价[J].环境污染与防治,31(8):50-54.
张立,袁旭音,邓旭,2007.南京玄武湖底泥重金属形态与环境意义[J].湖泊科学,19(l):63-69.
钟晓兰,周生路,李江涛,等,2008.长江三角洲地区土壤重金属生物有效性的研究:以江苏昆山市为例[J].土壤学报,45(2):239-248.
郑茂坤,骆永明,赵其国,等,2010.废旧电子产品拆解区农田土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd污染特征及空间分布规律[J].土壤学报,47(3):384-388.
曾希柏,徐建明,黄巧云,等,2013.中国农田重金属问题的若干思考[J].土壤学报,50(1):186-194.
朱陈名,朱咏莉,韩建,等,2017.洪泽湖重金属污染现状与防控技术[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),41(3):175-181.
Abu-Rukah Y,Ghrefat H A,2001.Assessment of the anthropogenic influx of metallic pollutants in Yarmouk River,Jordan[J].Environmental Geology,40(6):683-692.
Bilali L E,Rasmussen P E,Hall G E M,et al.,2002.Role of sediment composition in trace metal distribution in lake sediments[J].Applied Geochemistry,17(9):1171-1181.
Borrego J,Morales J A,De la Torre M L,et al.,2002.Geochemical characteristics of heavy metal pollution in surface sediments of Tinto and Odiel river estuary(Southwestern Spain)[J].Environmental Geology,41(7):785-796.
Bai Junhong,Cui Baoshan,Chen Bin,et al.,2011.Spatial distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from a typical plateau lake wetland,China[J].Ecological Modelling,222(2):301-306.
Liao Qilin,Evans L J,Gu Xueyuan,et al.,2007.A regional geochemical survey of soils in Jiangsu Province,China:Preliminary assessment of soil fertility and soil contamination[J].Geoderm,142(1/2):18-28.
Li Fei,Huang Jinhui,Zeng Guangming,et al.,2013.Spatial risk assessment and sources identification of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Dongting Lake,Middle China[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,132(3):75-83.
Li Jianguo,Pu Lijie,Liao Qilin,et al.,2015.How anthropogenic activities affect soil heavy metal concentration on a broad scale:a geochemistry survey in Yangtze River Delta,Eastern China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,73(4):1823-1835.
Liao Qilin,Liu Cong,Haiyun,et al.,2015.Association of soil cadmium contamination with ceramic industry:A case study in a Chinese town[J].Science of the Total Environment,514:26-32.
Wu Shaohua,Zhou Shenglu,Li Xingong,et al.,2010.Heavymetal accumulation trends in Yixing,China:An area of rapid economic development[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,61(1):79-86.
Yuan Hezhong,Shen Ji,Liu Enfeng,et al.,2011.Assessment of nutrients and heavy metals enrichment in surface sediments from Taihu Lake,a eutrophic shallow lake in China[J].Environmental Geochemistry and Health,33(1):67-81.
Zhang Weiguo,Feng Huan,Chang Jinna,et al.,2009.Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Yangtze River intertidal zone:An assessment from different indexes[J].Environmental Pollution,157(5):1533-1543.