煤矿井下长距离大垂距定向钻进工艺精准透巷技术研究
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摘要
针对回转钻进施工透巷孔的缺点及前期采用定向钻进工艺透巷精度低的问题,对当前仪器精度进行分析得出最优透巷孔深和钻场布设区域,最优透巷距离为100～400 m,钻场布设区域与巷道的夹角应不小于45°;对长距离高垂距钻孔特性进行了分析,并依据装备性能及施工经验,指出以理论最大安全造斜率75%～80%的经验值作为轨迹设计造斜率,以便为实际施工留有调整余地;详述各孔段钻孔轨迹的影响因素,并指出对应的轨迹控制方法:指出开孔段轨迹控制的目的是保直,提出纠偏段钻孔轨迹主要受钻进参数、地层倾角、装置角、反扭角及轨迹点的位置等5个因素影响,对5个影响因素分别进行详细分析,并提出轨迹控制方法,指出中靶透巷段的轨迹空间姿态要求、轨迹控制要求及控制方法确保透巷、矢量中靶,指出轨迹控制影响因素众多,应综合考虑,根据具体需要适时加以利用,实现因势利导的效果;全面阐述了精准透巷工艺的关键技术和实施方法;实践表明采用该工艺能够确保钻孔轨迹精确中靶、精准透巷,老巷水疏放效果显著。
Based on the advantages of directional drilling technology,aiming at the shortcoming of connecting construction hole with rotary drilling and the problem of poor precision in directional drilling in early stage,the measuring instrument precision is analyzed then the optimal hole depth( 100 ～ 400 m) and drilling site layout area are obtained( the angle between the drilling site and roadway should be more than 45°),Based on the analysis of the characteristics of long-distance and high-vertical distance boreholes,and on the basis of equipment performance and construction experience,an empirical value of 75% ～ 80% of the theoretical maximum safety construction slope is proposed as the trajectory design construction slope,so as to leave room for adjustment. The influencing factors of drilling trajectory in each hole section are described in detail and the corresponding trajectory control method is put forward. It is pointed out that the aim of trajectory control of opening section is to keep straight,it is pointed out that the drilling trajectory of deviation rectification section is mainly affected by five factors: drilling parameters,formation dip,device angle,reverse torsion angle and the location of trajectory points. five factors are analyzed in detail and the trajectory control method is proposed. The requirement of trajectory space attitude,trajectory control and control method for target penetration are put forward to ensure that target penetration and vector target penetration are ensured. There are many influencing factors in trajectory control,which should be considered comprehensively and utilized in time according to specific needs,so as to realize the effect of guiding according to circumstances. The key technology and implementation method of accurate connecting construction are systematically described. The field practice shows that the method can ensure accurate target of the drilling trajectory and accurate connecting construction and the drainage effect of the old tunnel is remarkable.
Based on the advantages of directional drilling technology,aiming at the shortcoming of connecting construction hole with rotary drilling and the problem of poor precision in directional drilling in early stage,the measuring instrument precision is analyzed then the optimal hole depth( 100 ～ 400 m) and drilling site layout area are obtained( the angle between the drilling site and roadway should be more than 45°),Based on the analysis of the characteristics of long-distance and high-vertical distance boreholes,and on the basis of equipment performance and construction experience,an empirical value of 75% ～ 80% of the theoretical maximum safety construction slope is proposed as the trajectory design construction slope,so as to leave room for adjustment. The influencing factors of drilling trajectory in each hole section are described in detail and the corresponding trajectory control method is put forward. It is pointed out that the aim of trajectory control of opening section is to keep straight,it is pointed out that the drilling trajectory of deviation rectification section is mainly affected by five factors: drilling parameters,formation dip,device angle,reverse torsion angle and the location of trajectory points. five factors are analyzed in detail and the trajectory control method is proposed. The requirement of trajectory space attitude,trajectory control and control method for target penetration are put forward to ensure that target penetration and vector target penetration are ensured. There are many influencing factors in trajectory control,which should be considered comprehensively and utilized in time according to specific needs,so as to realize the effect of guiding according to circumstances. The key technology and implementation method of accurate connecting construction are systematically described. The field practice shows that the method can ensure accurate target of the drilling trajectory and accurate connecting construction and the drainage effect of the old tunnel is remarkable.
引文
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[16]张鹏宇,柯晓华,张楠,等.煤层气多分支水平井轨迹控制技术[J]石油钻采工艺.2013,35(5):33-35.ZHANG Pengyu,KE Xiaohua,ZHANG Nan,et al.Coalbed methane multi-branch horizontal well trajectory control technology[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,2013,35(5):33-35.
[17]刘匡晓,魏士军,郭金爱,等.川东北超深水平井轨迹控制方法优选[J].断块油气田,2011,18(2):254-256.LIU Kuangxiao,WEI Shijun,GUO Jinai,et al.Optimization of trajectory control technique of ultra-deep horizontal well in Northeast Sichuan Area[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2011,18(2):254-256.
[18]牛洪波.大牛地气田长水平段井眼轨迹控制方法[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):64-67.
[19]韩志勇.定向井设计与计算[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
[20]苏义脑.水平井井眼轨道控制[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.
[2]董武臣.谈谈井下定向透巷钻孔的防斜措施[J].中国煤田地质,2004,16(5):116-117.DONG Wuchen.Talking about the anti-inclination measures of directional penetrating roadway boreholes in underground mine[J].Coalfield Geology of China,2004,16(5):116-117.
[3]张强.大口径井先导孔精确中靶技术研究[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(9):81-83.ZHANG Qiang.Research on accurate target hitting technology for pilot hole drilling of large diameter well[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(9):81-83.
[4]石智军,刘建林,李泉新.我国煤矿区钻进技术装备发展与应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(4):1-6.SHI Zhijun,LIU Jianlin,LI Quanxin.Development and application of drilling technique and equipment in coal mining area of China[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(4):1-6.
[5]李泉新,石智军,许超,等.2 311 m顺煤层超长定向钻孔高效钻进技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(4):27-32.LI Quanxin,SHI Zhijun,XU Chao,et al.Efficient drilling technique of 2 311 m ultra-long directional borehole along coal seam[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(4):27-32.
[6]郭姝含.G-H1定向井井眼轨迹设计与控制研究[D].大庆:东北石油大学,2017:7-16.
[7]彭旭,杨忠,刘卫卫.混合高效钻进技术在近水平定向长钻孔中的应用[J].煤矿安全,2017,48(3):67-70,75.PENG Xu,YANG Zhong,LIU Weiwei.Application of hybrid efficient drilling technology in nearly horizontal long borehole[J].Safty in Coal Mine,2017,48(3):67-70,75.
[8]张立辉,李伟,范文胜.补连塔煤矿隐蔽致灾因素定向钻孔探查及防治技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(4):46-51,57.ZHANG Lihui,LI Wei,FAN Wensheng.Directional drilling exploration and control technology of hiddendisaster factors in Bulianta Coal Mine[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(4):46-51,57.
[9]赵建国,刘建林,董昌乐,等.顶板高位大直径定向钻孔扩孔新技术探索[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(4):40-45.ZHAO Jianguo,LIU Jianlin,DONG Changle,et al.New reaming technology for high position and large diameter directional drilling in roof[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(4):40-45.
[10]金新.顶板岩层定向卸压瓦斯抽采钻孔钻进关键技术[J].煤田地质与勘探,2016,44(3):124-127.JIN Xin.The key technology for drilling pressure-releasing gas drainage hole in roofstrata[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2016,44(3):124-127.
[11]刘言,王剑波,龙开雄,等.元坝超深水平井井身结构优化与轨迹控制技术[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2014,36(4):131-136.LIU Yan,WANG Jianbo,LONG Kaixiong,et al.Optimization technique of drilling design and path control about ultra-deep horizontal well in Yuanba[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2014,36(4):131-136.
[12]赵建国,赵江鹏,许超,等.煤矿井下复合定向钻进技术研究与应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2018,46(4):202-206.ZHAO Jianguo,ZHAO Jiangpeng,XU Chao,et al.Composite directional drilling technology in underground coal mine[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2018,46(4):202-206.
[13]方俊,陆军,张幼振,等.定向长钻孔精确探放矿井老空水技术及其应用[J].煤田地质与勘探,2015,43(2):101-105.FANG Jun,LU Jun,ZHANG Youzhen,et al.Technology and application of precise detection and drainage of goaf water by directional long borehole[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2015,43(2):101-105.
[14]黄根炉,赵金海,赵金洲,等.基于地质导向的水平井中靶优化设计[J].石油钻采工艺,2004,26(6):1-3.HUANG Genlu,ZHAO Jinhai,ZHAO Jinzhou,et al.Optimizing design of hitting target for geosteering horizontal drilling[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,2004,26(6):1-3.
[15]武程亮,商敬秋,陈剑垚,等.两水平井“点对点”精确中靶对接施工技术[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2013,40(5):4-7.WU Chengliang,SHANG Jingqiu,CHEN Jianyao,et al.Accurate“point to point”target butting of two horizontal wells[J].Exploration Engineering:Rock&Soil Drilling and Tunneling,2013,40(5):4-7.
[16]张鹏宇,柯晓华,张楠,等.煤层气多分支水平井轨迹控制技术[J]石油钻采工艺.2013,35(5):33-35.ZHANG Pengyu,KE Xiaohua,ZHANG Nan,et al.Coalbed methane multi-branch horizontal well trajectory control technology[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,2013,35(5):33-35.
[17]刘匡晓,魏士军,郭金爱,等.川东北超深水平井轨迹控制方法优选[J].断块油气田,2011,18(2):254-256.LIU Kuangxiao,WEI Shijun,GUO Jinai,et al.Optimization of trajectory control technique of ultra-deep horizontal well in Northeast Sichuan Area[J].Fault-Block Oil&Gas Field,2011,18(2):254-256.
[18]牛洪波.大牛地气田长水平段井眼轨迹控制方法[J].天然气工业,2011,31(10):64-67.
[19]韩志勇.定向井设计与计算[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2011.
[20]苏义脑.水平井井眼轨道控制[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.