考虑接运公交站点排队的通勤客流分配模型
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摘要
为更加准确的描述接运轨道站点的公交网络内通勤乘客的出行选择行为,以典型通勤OD、固定乘客总需求下,接运轨道交通站点的各公交线路客流选择行为为研究对象,以早高峰通勤出行为例,考虑不同出发时刻的乘客实际到站时刻与车辆到达时刻间的关系,对乘客在接运公交线路站点的候车排队过程进行较为细致的定量描述,改进了既有出行广义费用中对站点候车时间的计算方法,建立了基于Logit-SUE的公交线路配流模型,并通过算例与既有研究进行对比,分析模型中时间步长■及乘客对路径阻抗感知系数θ对配流结果的影响.结果表明:模型中■的取值变化不会引发配流结果较大程度的改变.■越小,对候车时间的计算越贴近现实情况,当■增大到乘客可在一个时间步长内全部出发时,配流结果与既有文献一致.同时,模型中,当θ较小时,乘客对路径阻抗的感知与实际存在一定差距,配流结果随机性较强;θ越大,乘客对阻抗的感知越贴近现实,实际阻抗越小的线路选择概率则越大.
To accurately describe features of passengers' route choice behaviors of feeder bus lines, this research took the commuting trips during morning peak period under a typical commuting OD as study object, and established a passenger flow assignment model based on Logit-SUE model, which considers the relationship between the actual arrival time of passengers and the arrival time of vehicles. This model proposed a detailed quantitative description of the passengers' queuing process at bus stations and improved the existing calculation method of waiting time at bus stations in the generalized travel cost measuring. Then the feasibility of the model was verified by comparison with previous studies, and the influences of the time step length ■ and passengers' perception coefficient of the path cost θ on the choice probabilities of different bus lines were analyzed. Results indicated that the modelling results will not have a big change when ■ changes. Smaller ■ leads to more accurate calculation results of waiting time. If all the commuters start at time ■, the model results in this paper correspond with that of the previous studies. However, when θ is small, there is a certain gap between the passenger perceived route costs and the actual costs. Big θ makes passengers feel closer to the reality of impedance so when θ is bigger, the choice probabilities of feeder bus lines with low costs are bigger.
To accurately describe features of passengers' route choice behaviors of feeder bus lines, this research took the commuting trips during morning peak period under a typical commuting OD as study object, and established a passenger flow assignment model based on Logit-SUE model, which considers the relationship between the actual arrival time of passengers and the arrival time of vehicles. This model proposed a detailed quantitative description of the passengers' queuing process at bus stations and improved the existing calculation method of waiting time at bus stations in the generalized travel cost measuring. Then the feasibility of the model was verified by comparison with previous studies, and the influences of the time step length ■ and passengers' perception coefficient of the path cost θ on the choice probabilities of different bus lines were analyzed. Results indicated that the modelling results will not have a big change when ■ changes. Smaller ■ leads to more accurate calculation results of waiting time. If all the commuters start at time ■, the model results in this paper correspond with that of the previous studies. However, when θ is small, there is a certain gap between the passenger perceived route costs and the actual costs. Big θ makes passengers feel closer to the reality of impedance so when θ is bigger, the choice probabilities of feeder bus lines with low costs are bigger.
引文
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[14]邵敏华,李田野,孙立军.常规公交乘客对车内拥挤感知阻抗调查与建模[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(7):1031 SHAO Minhua, LI Tianye, SUN Lijun. Survey method and model of passengers’ cost perception of crowding level in bus[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2012, 40 (7): 1031. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2012.07.012
[2] 赵淑芝,刘华胜,张晓亮,等.轨道与常规公交局域换乘网络站点优化模型[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2014,46(12):96 ZHAO Shuzhi, LIU Huasheng, ZHANG Xiaoliang, et al. Station optimization in local transfer network of rail transit and bus[J]. Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2014,46(12):96.DOI:10.11918/j.issn.0367-6234.2014.12.016
[3] 宗芳,王琳虹,贾洪飞.综合客运枢纽内各方式协调调度模型[J].华南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(3):53 ZONG Fang, WANG Linhong, JIA Hongfei. Heuristic algorithm to solve vehicle routing problem with split pickups and deliveries[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2010,38(3):53.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-565X.2010.03.010
[4] 曾鹦,李军,朱晖.换乘行为影响下的城市公交配流算法[J].交通运输工程学报,2013,13(4):70 ZENG Ying, LI Jun, ZHU Hui. Urban public traffic assignment algorithm under influence of transfer behavior[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2013,13(4):70.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2013.04.011
[5] LAST A, LEAK S E. Transportation :a bus model[J].Traffic Engineering and Control,1976(6):14
[6] SPIESS H, FLORIAN M. Optimal strategies: a new assignment model for transit network[J].Transportation Research, 1989, 23B: 83
[7] NGUYEN S, PALLOTINO S. Equilibrium traffic assignment for large scale transit networks model[J]. European Journal of operation research, 1988, 37: 176
[8] 宋一凡,高自友.能力限制条件下的公交平衡配流模型和求解算法[J].铁道学报,1999,1(5):10 SONG Yifan, GAO Ziyou. A transit equilibrium assignment model and algorithm under the condition of capacity constraint[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society,1999,1(5):10.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-8360.1999.05.003
[9] 高自友,任华玲,林兴强.拥挤条件下公交系统的拟动态均衡配流模型[J].交通运输系统工程与信息,2002,2(2):38 GAO Ziyou, REN Hualing, LIN Xingqiang. A time-dependent transit equilibrium assignment model for congested transit network[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2002, 2(2):38.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-6744.2002.02.010
[10] 李远,四兵锋,杨小宝,等.考虑换乘费用的城市公交网络随机用户均衡配流模型及算法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2014,34(8):2127 LI Yuan, SI Bingfeng, YANG Xiaobao, et al. A stochastic user equilibrium model and algorithm for urban transit network with transfer cost[J]. Systems Engineering - Theory & Practice, 2014, 34(8):2127. DOI: 10.12011/1000-6788(2014)8-2127
[11]李淑庆,李哲,朱文英.一体化公交网络均衡配流模型[J].交通运输工程学报,2013,13(1):62 LI Shuqing, LI Zhe, ZHU Wenying. Equilibrium assignment model of integrated transit network[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2013,13(1):62.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1671-1637.2013.01.010
[12]城市建设研究院.城市公共交通分类标准[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007 Urban Construction Design & Research Institute. Standard for classification of urban public transportation[M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 2007
[13]孙杨,孙小年,孔庆峰,等.轨道交通新线投入运营下常规公交网络优化调整方法研究[J]. 铁道学报, 2014,36(3):1 SUN Yang, SUN Xiaonian, KONG Qingfeng, et al. Methodology ofbus network optimization and adjustment under operation of new urban rail transit line[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2014,36(3):1.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8360.2014.03.001
[14]邵敏华,李田野,孙立军.常规公交乘客对车内拥挤感知阻抗调查与建模[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(7):1031 SHAO Minhua, LI Tianye, SUN Lijun. Survey method and model of passengers’ cost perception of crowding level in bus[J]. Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science), 2012, 40 (7): 1031. DOI:10.3969/j.issn.0253-374x.2012.07.012