基于MCKD和增强倒频谱的直升机自动倾斜器滚动轴承故障诊断方法
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摘要
针对直升机自动倾斜器滚动轴承转速低,其早期故障特征信号易被噪声淹没的问题,提出了基于最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)和增强倒频谱分析的直升机自动倾斜器滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法利用MCKD方法对故障信号进行降噪处理,采用自相关方法和广义Shannon熵对倒频谱分析进行改进,得到增强倒频谱,提取故障特征频率。实验研究表明,所提出的方法能精确地诊断自动倾斜器滚动轴承内圈、外圈和滚珠故障,且优于传统的倒频谱分析,可以预防重大故障发生。
Aiming at extracting the early fault features of helicopter swash-plate rolling bearings, usually submerged easily by noises due to its low rolling speed, a fault diagnosis method based on the maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution(MCKD) and enhanced cepstrum was proposed. First, the fault signal was de-noised by the MCKD method. Then, an enhanced cepstrum analysis method was formed by introducing the self-correlation method and generalized Shannon entropic method. The fault characteristic frequencies were extracted from the enhanced cepstrum. The experiments results show that the proposed method can be used to diagnose bearing faults of the inner race, outer race and balls accurately. It is more effective compared with the traditional cepstrum analysis. The method can be used for the preventive monitoring of these kinds of bearings.
Aiming at extracting the early fault features of helicopter swash-plate rolling bearings, usually submerged easily by noises due to its low rolling speed, a fault diagnosis method based on the maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution(MCKD) and enhanced cepstrum was proposed. First, the fault signal was de-noised by the MCKD method. Then, an enhanced cepstrum analysis method was formed by introducing the self-correlation method and generalized Shannon entropic method. The fault characteristic frequencies were extracted from the enhanced cepstrum. The experiments results show that the proposed method can be used to diagnose bearing faults of the inner race, outer race and balls accurately. It is more effective compared with the traditional cepstrum analysis. The method can be used for the preventive monitoring of these kinds of bearings.
引文
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[2] 李辉,郑海起,唐力伟.基于倒双谱分析的轴承故障诊断研究[J].振动、测试与诊断,2010,30(4):352-356.LI Hui,ZHENG Haiqi,TANG Liwei.Application of bi-cepstrum technique to bearing fault detection[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis,2010,30(4):352-356.
[3] 杜冬梅,张昭,李红,等.基于LMD和增强包络谱的滚动轴承故障分析[J].振动、测试与诊断,2017,37(1):92-96.DU Dongmei,ZHANG Zhao,LI Hong,et al.Fault diagnosis for roller bearing based on local mean decomposition and enhanced envelope spectrum[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis,2017,37(1):92-96.
[4] MCDONALD G L,ZHAO Q,ZUO M J.Maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution and application on gear tooth chip fault detection[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2012,33:237-255.
[5] 唐贵基,王晓龙.最大相关峭度解卷积结合1.5维谱的滚动轴承早期故障特征提取方法[J].振动与冲击,2016,34(12):79-84.TANG Guiji,WANG Xiaolong.Feature extraction for rolling bearing incipient fault based on maximum correlated kurtosis deconvolution and 1.5 dimension spectrum[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,34(12):79-84.
[6] 刘尚坤,唐贵基,何玉灵.Teager能量算子结合MCKD的滚动轴承早期故障识别[J].振动与冲击,2016,35(15):98-102.LIU Shangkun,TANG Guiji ,HE Yuling.Incipient fault diagnosis of rolling bearings based on Teager energy operator and MCKD[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2016,35(15):98-102.
[7] 钟先友,赵春华,陈保家,等.基于MCKD和重分配小波尺度谱的旋转机械复合故障诊断研究[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(7):156-161.ZHONG Xianyou,ZHAO Chunhua,CHEN Baojia,et al.Rotating machinery fault diagnosis based on maximum correlation kurtosis deconvolutionan and reassigned wavelet scalogram[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2015,34(7):156-161.
[8] 张龙,胡俊峰,熊国良.基于MCKD和SK的滚动轴承循环冲击特征增强[J].振动、测试与诊断,2017,37(1):97-101.ZHANG Long,HU Junfeng,XIONG Guoliang.Cyclic shock enhancement by the combination of minimum entropy deconvolution and spectral kurtosis[J].Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis,2017,37(1):97-101.
[9] 陈果,于明月,刘永泉,等.基于倒频谱分析的航空发动机转静碰摩部位识别[J].机械工程学报,2010,30(4):352-356.CHEN Guo,YU Mingyue,LIU Yongquan,et al.Identifying rotor-stator rubbing positions using the cepstrum analysis technique[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2010,30(4):352-356.
[10] 唐贵基,王晓龙,邓飞跃.改进增强峭度和增强包络谱在滚动轴承故障诊断上的应用[J].振动与冲击,2014,33(13):53-58.TANG Guiji,WANG Xiaolong,DEND Feiyue.Application of improved enhanced kurtogram and enhanced envelope spectrum in fault diagnosis of rolling bearings[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2014,33(13):53-58.
[11] 张呈林,张晓谷,郭士龙,等.直升机部件设计[M].南京:航空教材专业编审组出版,1986.