浮萍多样性对富营养化水体净化效果的影响
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摘要
【目的】通过研究浮萍物种多样性对净化富营养化水体效果及其对浮萍生物质积累的影响,为未来利用浮萍混养组合修复富营养化水体及开发浮萍生物质提供理论依据。【方法】分别将青萍(Lemna aequinoctialis LC33)、少根紫萍(Landoltia punctata LC06)和多根紫萍(Spirodela polyrhiza LC15)进行单独和混合培养,测量其对富营养化水体中氮、磷的去除率,同时分析混养组合的生物质含量。【结果】由少根紫萍和多根紫萍构成的混养组合对水体中硝氮(NO3--N)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)的去除率最高,分别为97.05%、95.00%和97.64%;由3种浮萍构成的混养组合对水体中氨氮(NH4+-N)的去除率最高,达98.17%。由青萍和少根紫萍构成的混养组合及由少根紫萍和多根紫萍构成的混养组合具有更高的生物量增长率,由青萍和少根紫萍构成的混养组合可积累更多的淀粉,由少根紫萍和多根紫萍构成的混养组合可积累更多的粗蛋白。【结论】适当的浮萍混养搭配不仅可提高富营养化水体净化效果,还能促进生物质的积累。
【Objective】In order to provide theoretical basis for eutrophic water purification and duckweed biomass utilization in the future, the effects of duckweed species diversity on eutrophic water purification and duckweed biomass accumulation were investigated. 【Method】Three duckweed species, Lemna aequinoctialis LC33, Landoltia punctata LC06 and Spirodela polyrhiza LC15, were cultured both individually and in mixture to measure their removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus, and to analyze biomass content of mixed combinations. 【Result 】Combination of L. punctata LC06 and S.polyrhiza LC15 showed the highest removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N), total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP), reaching 97.05%、95.00% and 97.64% respectively; while combination of L. aequinoctialis LC33, L. punctata LC06 and S. polyrhiza LC15 showed the highest removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), reaching 98.17%. Moreover,compared with other groups, polyculture of L. aequinoctialis LC33 and L. punctata LC06, polyculture of L. punctata LC06 and S. polyrhiza LC15 exhibited higher biomass growth rate; polyculture of L. aequinoctialis LC33 and L. punctata LC06 accumulated more starch; polyculture of L. punctata LC06 and S. polyrhiza LC15 accumulated more crude protein. 【Conclusion】Appropriate combination of duckweed species can enhance purifying effects of eutrophic water, and promote biomass accumulation.
【Objective】In order to provide theoretical basis for eutrophic water purification and duckweed biomass utilization in the future, the effects of duckweed species diversity on eutrophic water purification and duckweed biomass accumulation were investigated. 【Method】Three duckweed species, Lemna aequinoctialis LC33, Landoltia punctata LC06 and Spirodela polyrhiza LC15, were cultured both individually and in mixture to measure their removal rates of nitrogen and phosphorus, and to analyze biomass content of mixed combinations. 【Result 】Combination of L. punctata LC06 and S.polyrhiza LC15 showed the highest removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N), total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP), reaching 97.05%、95.00% and 97.64% respectively; while combination of L. aequinoctialis LC33, L. punctata LC06 and S. polyrhiza LC15 showed the highest removal efficiency of ammonia nitrogen(NH4+-N), reaching 98.17%. Moreover,compared with other groups, polyculture of L. aequinoctialis LC33 and L. punctata LC06, polyculture of L. punctata LC06 and S. polyrhiza LC15 exhibited higher biomass growth rate; polyculture of L. aequinoctialis LC33 and L. punctata LC06 accumulated more starch; polyculture of L. punctata LC06 and S. polyrhiza LC15 accumulated more crude protein. 【Conclusion】Appropriate combination of duckweed species can enhance purifying effects of eutrophic water, and promote biomass accumulation.
引文
鲍姝,方扬,靳艳玲,赵永贵,赵海.2014.污水氮磷浓度对云南本地浮萍生长及氮磷去除的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,20(1):56-62.Bao S,Fang Y,Jin Y L,Zhao Y G,Zhao H.2014.Influence of ammonium and phosphate concentration of sewage on the growth,nitrogen and phosphorus removal of duckweed in Yunnan[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,20(1):56-62.
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孙宜敏.2004.浮萍对污染水体中氮磷吸收富集作用研究[D].上海:华东师范大学.Sun Y M.2004.Studies on the absorption and concentration effect of duckweed to nitrogen and phosphorus in polluted waterbodies[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University.
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鄢恒珍,龚文琪,梅光军,陈绍华,陈晓东.2009.水体富营养化与生物修复技术评析[J].安徽农业科学,37(34):17003-17006.Yan H Z,Gong W Q,Mei G J,Chen S H,Chen X D.2009.Water eutrophication and comment on biological remediation technology[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,37(34):17003-17006.
于斌.2010.浮萍对污水中氮、磷去除作用的初步研究[D].扬州:扬州大学.Yu B.2010.Studies on effects of duckweed on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from polluted water bodies[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University.
种云霄,胡洪营,钱易.2003.p H及无机氮化合物对小浮萍生长的影响[J].环境科学,24(4):35-40.Zhong Y X,Hu H Y,Qian Y.2003.Effect of inorganic nitrogen compounds and p H on the growth of duckweed[J].Environmental Science,24(4):35-40.
Bergmann B A,Cheng J,Classen J,Stomp A M.2000.In vitro selection of duckweed geographical isolates for potential use in swine lagoon effluent renovation[J].Bioresource Technology,73(1):13-20.
Caicedo J R,Steen N P V D,Arce O,Gijzen H J.2000.Effect of total ammonia nitrogen concentration and p H on growth rates of duckweed(Spirodela polyrrhiza)[J].Water Research,34(15):3829-3835.
Chen X Y,Wang X Y,Jiao J,Schmid B.2014.Complementarity effects do not necessarily result in significant transgressive over-performance in mixtures[J].Biological Invasions,17(2):529-535.
Cheng J,Bergmann B A,Classen J J,Stomp A M,Howard JW.2002.Nutrient recovery from swine lagoon water by Spirodela punctata[J].Bioresource Technology,81(1):81-85.
Cheng J J,Stomp A M.2009.Growing duckweed to recover nutrients from wastewaters and for production of fuel ethanol and animal feed[J].Clean-Soil,Air,Water,37(1):17-26.
Crawford K M,Whitney K D.2010.Population genetic diversity influences colonization success[J].Molecular Ecology,19(6):1253-1263.
Ge X,Zhang N,Phillips G C,Xu J.2012.Growing Lemna minor in agricultural wastewater and converting the duckweed biomass to ethano[lJ].Bioresource Technology,124(337):485-488.
Griffith A P,Epplin F M,Fuhlendorf S D,Gillen R.2011.Acomparison of perennial polycultures and monocultures for producing biomass for biorefinery feedstock[J].Agronomy Journal,103(3):617-627.
Khellaf N,Zerdaoui M.2010.Growth response of the duckweed Lemna gibba L.to copper and nickel phytoaccumulation[J].Ecotoxicology,19(8):1363-1368.
Megateli S,Semsari S,Couderchet M.2009.Toxicity and removal of heavy metals(cadmium,copper,and zinc)by Lemna gibba[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,72(6):1774-1780.
Oron G.1994.Duckweed culture for wastewater renovation and biomass production[J].Agricultural Water Management,26(1-2):27-40.
Smith A M,Zeeman S C.2006.Quantification of starch in plant tissues[J].Nature Protocol,1(3):1342-1345.
Stout L M,Dodova E N,Tyson J F,Nüsslein K.2010.Phytoprotective influence of bacteria on growth and cadmium accumulation in the aquatic plant Lemna mino[rJ].Water Research,44(17):4970-4979.
Su Y,Mennerich A,Urban B.2012.Coupled nutrient removal and biomass production with mixed algal culture:Impact of biotic and abiotic factors[J].Bioresource Technology,118(8):469-476.
Suppadit T.2011.Nutrient removal of effluent from quail farm through cultivation of Wolffia arrhiza[J].Bioresource Technology,102(16):7388-7392.
Tang J,Li Y,Ma J,Cheng J J.2015.Survey of duckweed diversity in Lake Chao and total fatty acid,triacylglycerol,profiles of representative strains[J].Plant Biology(Stuttg),17(5):1066-1072.
Xiao Y,Fang Y,Jin Y,Zhang G,Zhao H.2013.Culturing duckweed in the field for starch accumulation[J].Industrial Crops and Products,48(3):183-190.
Zhao Z,Shi H,Liu Y,Zhao H,Su H,Wang M,Zhao Y.2014.The influence of duckweed species diversity on biomass productivity and nutrient removal efficiency in swine wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,167C(3):383-389.
高爱环,李红缨,郭海福.2005.水体富营养化的成因、危害及防治措施[J].肇庆学院学报,26(5):41-44.Gao A H,Li H Y,Guo H F.2005.The cause,hazard and control measures of water eutrophication[J].Journal of Zhaoqing University,26(5):41-44.
孔春林,陈宇.2006.开发浮萍作饲料[J].广东饲料,15(1):40-41.Kong C L,Chen Y.2006.To develop duckweed as feeds[J].Guangdong Feed,15(1):40-41.
毛杉杉,李岚,王敏雅,陆菲,张琼,曹访,采克俊,刘莉.2012.6株浮萍的污水处理能力与淀粉积累能力的差异性分析[J].江苏农业科学,40(12):351-354.Mao S S,Li L,Wang M Y,Lu F,Zhang Q,Cao F,Cai K J,Liu L.2012.Difference analysis in sewage treatment capacity and starch accumulation capacity of 6 strains of duckweed[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,40(12):351-354.
孙宜敏.2004.浮萍对污染水体中氮磷吸收富集作用研究[D].上海:华东师范大学.Sun Y M.2004.Studies on the absorption and concentration effect of duckweed to nitrogen and phosphorus in polluted waterbodies[D].Shanghai:East China Normal University.
奚姗姗,周春财,刘桂建,吴蕾,王培华.2016.巢湖水体氮磷营养盐时空分布特征[J].环境科学,37(2):542-547.Xi S S,Zhou C C,Liu G J,Wu L,Wang P H.2016.Spatial and temporal distributions of nitrogen and phosphate in the Chaohu lake[J].Environmental Science,37(2):542-547.
鄢恒珍,龚文琪,梅光军,陈绍华,陈晓东.2009.水体富营养化与生物修复技术评析[J].安徽农业科学,37(34):17003-17006.Yan H Z,Gong W Q,Mei G J,Chen S H,Chen X D.2009.Water eutrophication and comment on biological remediation technology[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,37(34):17003-17006.
于斌.2010.浮萍对污水中氮、磷去除作用的初步研究[D].扬州:扬州大学.Yu B.2010.Studies on effects of duckweed on removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from polluted water bodies[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University.
种云霄,胡洪营,钱易.2003.p H及无机氮化合物对小浮萍生长的影响[J].环境科学,24(4):35-40.Zhong Y X,Hu H Y,Qian Y.2003.Effect of inorganic nitrogen compounds and p H on the growth of duckweed[J].Environmental Science,24(4):35-40.
Bergmann B A,Cheng J,Classen J,Stomp A M.2000.In vitro selection of duckweed geographical isolates for potential use in swine lagoon effluent renovation[J].Bioresource Technology,73(1):13-20.
Caicedo J R,Steen N P V D,Arce O,Gijzen H J.2000.Effect of total ammonia nitrogen concentration and p H on growth rates of duckweed(Spirodela polyrrhiza)[J].Water Research,34(15):3829-3835.
Chen X Y,Wang X Y,Jiao J,Schmid B.2014.Complementarity effects do not necessarily result in significant transgressive over-performance in mixtures[J].Biological Invasions,17(2):529-535.
Cheng J,Bergmann B A,Classen J J,Stomp A M,Howard JW.2002.Nutrient recovery from swine lagoon water by Spirodela punctata[J].Bioresource Technology,81(1):81-85.
Cheng J J,Stomp A M.2009.Growing duckweed to recover nutrients from wastewaters and for production of fuel ethanol and animal feed[J].Clean-Soil,Air,Water,37(1):17-26.
Crawford K M,Whitney K D.2010.Population genetic diversity influences colonization success[J].Molecular Ecology,19(6):1253-1263.
Ge X,Zhang N,Phillips G C,Xu J.2012.Growing Lemna minor in agricultural wastewater and converting the duckweed biomass to ethano[lJ].Bioresource Technology,124(337):485-488.
Griffith A P,Epplin F M,Fuhlendorf S D,Gillen R.2011.Acomparison of perennial polycultures and monocultures for producing biomass for biorefinery feedstock[J].Agronomy Journal,103(3):617-627.
Khellaf N,Zerdaoui M.2010.Growth response of the duckweed Lemna gibba L.to copper and nickel phytoaccumulation[J].Ecotoxicology,19(8):1363-1368.
Megateli S,Semsari S,Couderchet M.2009.Toxicity and removal of heavy metals(cadmium,copper,and zinc)by Lemna gibba[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,72(6):1774-1780.
Oron G.1994.Duckweed culture for wastewater renovation and biomass production[J].Agricultural Water Management,26(1-2):27-40.
Smith A M,Zeeman S C.2006.Quantification of starch in plant tissues[J].Nature Protocol,1(3):1342-1345.
Stout L M,Dodova E N,Tyson J F,Nüsslein K.2010.Phytoprotective influence of bacteria on growth and cadmium accumulation in the aquatic plant Lemna mino[rJ].Water Research,44(17):4970-4979.
Su Y,Mennerich A,Urban B.2012.Coupled nutrient removal and biomass production with mixed algal culture:Impact of biotic and abiotic factors[J].Bioresource Technology,118(8):469-476.
Suppadit T.2011.Nutrient removal of effluent from quail farm through cultivation of Wolffia arrhiza[J].Bioresource Technology,102(16):7388-7392.
Tang J,Li Y,Ma J,Cheng J J.2015.Survey of duckweed diversity in Lake Chao and total fatty acid,triacylglycerol,profiles of representative strains[J].Plant Biology(Stuttg),17(5):1066-1072.
Xiao Y,Fang Y,Jin Y,Zhang G,Zhao H.2013.Culturing duckweed in the field for starch accumulation[J].Industrial Crops and Products,48(3):183-190.
Zhao Z,Shi H,Liu Y,Zhao H,Su H,Wang M,Zhao Y.2014.The influence of duckweed species diversity on biomass productivity and nutrient removal efficiency in swine wastewater[J].Bioresource Technology,167C(3):383-389.