Role of behavioral training in reducing functional impairments after stroke
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摘要
<正>Stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability worldwide. There are two main types of stroke, hemorrhagic and ischemic. A hemorrhagic stroke is when there a bleed in the brain, whereas an ischemic stroke is the result of blockage of blood flow to the brain, which leads to degeneration, neurotoxicity, inflammation, and apoptosis. This damage not only affects the ischemic core, but also neuronal, astrocyte, and synaptic survival in the peri-infarct
引文
Austin MW,Ploughman M,Glynn L,Corbett D(2014)Aerobic exercise effects on neuroprotection and brain repair following stroke:a systematic review and perspective.Neurosci Res 87:8-15.
Cramer SC(2008)Repairing the human brain after stroke.II.Restorative therapies.Ann Neurol 63:549-560.
Dobkin BH,Dorsch A(2013)New evidence for therapies in stroke rehabilitation.Curr Atheroscler Rep 15:331.
Duncan PW,Goldstein LB,Matchar D,Divine GW,Feussner J(1992)Measurement of motor recovery after stroke.Outcome assessment and sample size requirements.Stroke 23:1084-1089.
Frosst P,Blom HJ,Milos R,Goyette P,Sheppard CA,Matthews RG,Boers GJH,den Heijer M,Kluijtmans LAJ,van den Heuvel LP,Rozen R(1995)A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease:a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.Nat Genet10:196-201.
Gordon NF,Gulanick M,Costa F,Fletcher G,Franklin BA,Roth EJ,Shephard T(2004)Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors.Circulation 109:2031-2041.
Jadavji NM,Emmerson JT,Shanmugalingam U,MacFarlane AJ,Willmore WG,Smith PD(2018)A genetic deficiency in folic acid metabolism impairs recovery after ischemic stroke.Exp Neurol 309:14-22.
Kerr AL,Cheng SY,Jones TA(2011)Experience-dependent neural plasticity in the adult damaged brain.J Commun Disord 44:538-548.
Leo AAP(1944)Spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex.J Neurophysiol 7:359-390.
Mukherjee D,Patil CG(2011)Epidemiology and the global burden of stroke.World Neurosurg 76:S85-S90.
Ploughman M,Austin MW,Glynn L,Corbett D(2014)The effects of poststroke aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity:a systematic review of animal and clinical studies.Transl Stroke Res 6:13-28.
Ploughman M,Granter-Button S,Chernenko G,Attwood Z,Tucker BA,Mearow KM,Corbett D(2007)Exercise intensity influences the temporal profile of growth factors involved in neuronal plasticity following focal ischemia.Brain Res 1150:207-216.
Cramer SC(2008)Repairing the human brain after stroke.II.Restorative therapies.Ann Neurol 63:549-560.
Dobkin BH,Dorsch A(2013)New evidence for therapies in stroke rehabilitation.Curr Atheroscler Rep 15:331.
Duncan PW,Goldstein LB,Matchar D,Divine GW,Feussner J(1992)Measurement of motor recovery after stroke.Outcome assessment and sample size requirements.Stroke 23:1084-1089.
Frosst P,Blom HJ,Milos R,Goyette P,Sheppard CA,Matthews RG,Boers GJH,den Heijer M,Kluijtmans LAJ,van den Heuvel LP,Rozen R(1995)A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease:a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase.Nat Genet10:196-201.
Gordon NF,Gulanick M,Costa F,Fletcher G,Franklin BA,Roth EJ,Shephard T(2004)Physical activity and exercise recommendations for stroke survivors.Circulation 109:2031-2041.
Jadavji NM,Emmerson JT,Shanmugalingam U,MacFarlane AJ,Willmore WG,Smith PD(2018)A genetic deficiency in folic acid metabolism impairs recovery after ischemic stroke.Exp Neurol 309:14-22.
Kerr AL,Cheng SY,Jones TA(2011)Experience-dependent neural plasticity in the adult damaged brain.J Commun Disord 44:538-548.
Leo AAP(1944)Spreading depression of activity in the cerebral cortex.J Neurophysiol 7:359-390.
Mukherjee D,Patil CG(2011)Epidemiology and the global burden of stroke.World Neurosurg 76:S85-S90.
Ploughman M,Austin MW,Glynn L,Corbett D(2014)The effects of poststroke aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity:a systematic review of animal and clinical studies.Transl Stroke Res 6:13-28.
Ploughman M,Granter-Button S,Chernenko G,Attwood Z,Tucker BA,Mearow KM,Corbett D(2007)Exercise intensity influences the temporal profile of growth factors involved in neuronal plasticity following focal ischemia.Brain Res 1150:207-216.