中国青年男子头面部特征分栏研究
|
摘要
为改善呼吸器、头盔等头面部防护用品的适配性能,基于10 325名中国青年男子样本的头面部尺寸分布特征,分析现有3种分栏方法(美国洛斯阿拉莫斯实验室分栏、美国国家职业安全卫生研究所分栏和我国汉族人头面部分栏)对中国青年男子的适用性,并提出适合中国青年男子的专用分栏。结果表明:现有3种分栏对中国青年男子头面部特征的覆盖率分别为87. 9%、98. 74%、95. 4%,且均匀性不足,不适用于中国青年男子群体;文中提出的中国青年男子专用分栏包括10个型,总覆盖率为97. 28%,且样本在各型之间分布较均匀。
In order to improve the fitting performance of head and face protection equipments such as respirators and helmets,the applicability of three current test panels( Los Alamos National Laboratory test panel,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health test panel and Chinese Han nationality panel)for young Chinese males was studied based on characteristics of head and face size distribution of 10 325 young Chinese men. And an anthropometric test pale special for young Chinese males was constructed. The results show that the coverage of head and face features of the current three panels for young Chinese males are 87. 9%,98. 74% and 95. 4% respectively,that the distribution is unbalanced and these three panels are not applicable to young Chinese males,and that the special panel for Chinese young men proposed in the article includes 10 types with a total coverage rate of 97. 28 % and the samples are evenly distributed among these types.
In order to improve the fitting performance of head and face protection equipments such as respirators and helmets,the applicability of three current test panels( Los Alamos National Laboratory test panel,National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health test panel and Chinese Han nationality panel)for young Chinese males was studied based on characteristics of head and face size distribution of 10 325 young Chinese men. And an anthropometric test pale special for young Chinese males was constructed. The results show that the coverage of head and face features of the current three panels for young Chinese males are 87. 9%,98. 74% and 95. 4% respectively,that the distribution is unbalanced and these three panels are not applicable to young Chinese males,and that the special panel for Chinese young men proposed in the article includes 10 types with a total coverage rate of 97. 28 % and the samples are evenly distributed among these types.
引文
[1]李小银.防毒面罩发展史话[J].中国个体防护装备,2001(6):33-37.
[2]ZHUANG Ziqing,SLICE D,BENSON S,et al.Shape analysis of 3D head scan data for U.S.respirator users[J].Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing,2010,2010(2):248-254.
[3]杨小兵,房鹤,袁晓华,等.防毒面具新型多功能检漏测试评价系统[J].中国个体防护装备,2013(3):40-43.
[4]LIU Yuewei,ZHUANG Ziqing,CHRISTOPHER C,et al.Inward leakage variability between respirator fit test panels:part II.probabilistic approach[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2016,13(8):604-611.
[5]张静.呼吸防护面具罩体的流体力学分析及参数化建模研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2011.ZHANG Jing.The CFD analysis of respiratory protective mask and the parameterized modeling study[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2011.
[6]李小银.面具密合框设计[J].中国劳动防护用品,1997(4):11-21.
[7]邱曼,王生,刘铁民.呼吸防护用品的人机工效学问题分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,17(2):139-143.QIU Man,WANG Sheng,LIU Tiemin.Analysis on the problems of protective respirators based on ergonomics[J].China Safety Science Journal,2007,17(2):139-143.
[8]MCCONVILLE J,CHURCHILL E,LAUBACH L.Anthropometry for respirator sizing[R].National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,1972.
[9]LEI Zipeng,YANG James,ZHUANG Ziqing.A novel algorithm for determining contact area between a respirator and a headform[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2014,11(4):227-237.
[10]NIEZGODA G,ZHUANG Ziqing.Development of headforms for ISO eye and face protection standards[J].Procedia Manufacturing,2015,3:5 761-5 768.
[11]ZHUANG Ziqing,BRUCE B,RONALD S.New respirator fit test panels representing the current U.S.civilian work force[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2007,4(9):647-659.
[12]ZHUANG Ziqing,BERGMAN M,LEI Zipeng,et al.Recommended test methods and pass/fail criteria for a respirator fit capability test of half-mask air-purifying respirators[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2017,14(6):473-481.
[13]高方.头面型数据及其在防毒面具研制中的应用[J].防化研究,1987(4):1-12.
[14]GAO Fang,HUANG Zhenxing.Facial dimensions survey in China and its utilization in respiratory research[C].The Third International Symposium on Protection Against Chemical Warfare Agents,1989:204-210.
[15]张雪艳,李玉珍,贾宁,等,颗粒物防护口罩适合因子的影响因素研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(3):121-125.ZHANG Xueyan,LI Yuzhen,JIA Ning,et al.Research on factors affecting particulate respirator fit factor[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(3):121-125.
[16]ZHUANG Ziqing,LIU Yuewei,Coffey C,et al.Inward leakage variability between respirator fit test panels.part I.deterministic approach[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2015,12(11):753-760.
[17]YANG Lei,SHEN Henggen,GAO Wu.Racial differences in respirator fit testing:a pilot study of whether American fit panels are representative of Chinese faces[J].The Annals of Occupational Hygiene,2007,51(4):415-421.
[18]ALAN L,HACKJ T,MCCONVILL E.Respirator protection factors:part 1-development of an anthropometric test panel[J].American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,1978,39(12):970-975.
[19]CHU Chih-hsing,HUANG Szu-hao,YANG Chun-yang,et al.Design customization of respiratory mask based on 3D face anthropometric data[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2014,16(3):487-494.
[20]杜利利.中国汉族人体头面测量及分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.DU Lili.Head and facial anthropometry and analysis for Chinese Han nationality[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2008.
[21]ZHENG Xiaohui,DING Songtao,ZHOU Qianxiang,et al.Head and facial anthropometry of young Chinese male aged18-35 years old[C].4thInternational Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics,2012:4 819-4 822.
[22]郑晓慧,丁松涛,周前祥,等.参数化三维工效虚拟人建模技术研究[J].系统仿真学报,2014,26(6):1 187-1 190.ZHENG Xiaohui,DING Songtao,ZHOU Qianxiang,et al.Modeling of 3D ergonomic virtual human based on anthropometrical parameters[J].Journal of System Simulation,2014,26(6):1 187-1 190.
[23]GJB 4856-2003,中国男性飞行员人体尺寸[S].GJB 4856-2003,Human dimensions of Chinese male pilot population[S].
[24]GB/T 2428-1988,成年人面部尺寸[S].GB/T 2428-1988,Head-face dimensions of adults[S].
[25]YOKOTA M.Head and facial anthropometry of mixed-race US army male soldiers for military design and sizing:a pilot study[J].Applied Ergonomics,2005,36(3):379-383.
[26]余丹,ZHUANG Ziqing,程文娟,等.中国成年人呼吸防护用品适合性检验新型头面分栏研究[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2009,27(2):400-404.YU Dan,ZHUANG Ziqing,CHENG Wenjuan et al.Two new anthropometric panels of fit test for Chinese adult workers[J].Chinese Journal Industrial Hygiene Occupation Disease,2009,27(2):400-404.
[2]ZHUANG Ziqing,SLICE D,BENSON S,et al.Shape analysis of 3D head scan data for U.S.respirator users[J].Eurasip Journal on Advances in Signal Processing,2010,2010(2):248-254.
[3]杨小兵,房鹤,袁晓华,等.防毒面具新型多功能检漏测试评价系统[J].中国个体防护装备,2013(3):40-43.
[4]LIU Yuewei,ZHUANG Ziqing,CHRISTOPHER C,et al.Inward leakage variability between respirator fit test panels:part II.probabilistic approach[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2016,13(8):604-611.
[5]张静.呼吸防护面具罩体的流体力学分析及参数化建模研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2011.ZHANG Jing.The CFD analysis of respiratory protective mask and the parameterized modeling study[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2011.
[6]李小银.面具密合框设计[J].中国劳动防护用品,1997(4):11-21.
[7]邱曼,王生,刘铁民.呼吸防护用品的人机工效学问题分析[J].中国安全科学学报,2007,17(2):139-143.QIU Man,WANG Sheng,LIU Tiemin.Analysis on the problems of protective respirators based on ergonomics[J].China Safety Science Journal,2007,17(2):139-143.
[8]MCCONVILLE J,CHURCHILL E,LAUBACH L.Anthropometry for respirator sizing[R].National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,1972.
[9]LEI Zipeng,YANG James,ZHUANG Ziqing.A novel algorithm for determining contact area between a respirator and a headform[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2014,11(4):227-237.
[10]NIEZGODA G,ZHUANG Ziqing.Development of headforms for ISO eye and face protection standards[J].Procedia Manufacturing,2015,3:5 761-5 768.
[11]ZHUANG Ziqing,BRUCE B,RONALD S.New respirator fit test panels representing the current U.S.civilian work force[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2007,4(9):647-659.
[12]ZHUANG Ziqing,BERGMAN M,LEI Zipeng,et al.Recommended test methods and pass/fail criteria for a respirator fit capability test of half-mask air-purifying respirators[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2017,14(6):473-481.
[13]高方.头面型数据及其在防毒面具研制中的应用[J].防化研究,1987(4):1-12.
[14]GAO Fang,HUANG Zhenxing.Facial dimensions survey in China and its utilization in respiratory research[C].The Third International Symposium on Protection Against Chemical Warfare Agents,1989:204-210.
[15]张雪艳,李玉珍,贾宁,等,颗粒物防护口罩适合因子的影响因素研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2015,25(3):121-125.ZHANG Xueyan,LI Yuzhen,JIA Ning,et al.Research on factors affecting particulate respirator fit factor[J].China Safety Science Journal,2015,25(3):121-125.
[16]ZHUANG Ziqing,LIU Yuewei,Coffey C,et al.Inward leakage variability between respirator fit test panels.part I.deterministic approach[J].Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,2015,12(11):753-760.
[17]YANG Lei,SHEN Henggen,GAO Wu.Racial differences in respirator fit testing:a pilot study of whether American fit panels are representative of Chinese faces[J].The Annals of Occupational Hygiene,2007,51(4):415-421.
[18]ALAN L,HACKJ T,MCCONVILL E.Respirator protection factors:part 1-development of an anthropometric test panel[J].American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,1978,39(12):970-975.
[19]CHU Chih-hsing,HUANG Szu-hao,YANG Chun-yang,et al.Design customization of respiratory mask based on 3D face anthropometric data[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2014,16(3):487-494.
[20]杜利利.中国汉族人体头面测量及分析[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2008.DU Lili.Head and facial anthropometry and analysis for Chinese Han nationality[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2008.
[21]ZHENG Xiaohui,DING Songtao,ZHOU Qianxiang,et al.Head and facial anthropometry of young Chinese male aged18-35 years old[C].4thInternational Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics,2012:4 819-4 822.
[22]郑晓慧,丁松涛,周前祥,等.参数化三维工效虚拟人建模技术研究[J].系统仿真学报,2014,26(6):1 187-1 190.ZHENG Xiaohui,DING Songtao,ZHOU Qianxiang,et al.Modeling of 3D ergonomic virtual human based on anthropometrical parameters[J].Journal of System Simulation,2014,26(6):1 187-1 190.
[23]GJB 4856-2003,中国男性飞行员人体尺寸[S].GJB 4856-2003,Human dimensions of Chinese male pilot population[S].
[24]GB/T 2428-1988,成年人面部尺寸[S].GB/T 2428-1988,Head-face dimensions of adults[S].
[25]YOKOTA M.Head and facial anthropometry of mixed-race US army male soldiers for military design and sizing:a pilot study[J].Applied Ergonomics,2005,36(3):379-383.
[26]余丹,ZHUANG Ziqing,程文娟,等.中国成年人呼吸防护用品适合性检验新型头面分栏研究[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2009,27(2):400-404.YU Dan,ZHUANG Ziqing,CHENG Wenjuan et al.Two new anthropometric panels of fit test for Chinese adult workers[J].Chinese Journal Industrial Hygiene Occupation Disease,2009,27(2):400-404.